The Civil War and

Reconstruction

Grade 4Social Studies

Unit 8Lesson 2

©2012, TESCCC Grade 4 Unit 8, Lesson 2

Civil War: 1861-1865

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Union General Ulysses S. Grant

Confederate General Robert E. Lee

Civil War:

Social Impact

Political Impact

Economic Impact

• Turn and Talk with a partner

• What do the terms Political, Economic, and Social mean?

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Civil War: The Civil War and Reconstruction had great impact on Texas:

• Political

• Economic

• Social©2012, TESCCC

Civil War:

Political Impact:having to do with the structures and affairs

of government, politics and its institutions, or

politicians

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Civil War:

Economic Impacthaving to do with the

production, development, and management of

material wealth of a country, household,

or business enterprise

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Civil War:

Social Impacthaving to do with

the way people live together in

communities

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Civil War

Federal Government

Northern States

Northern States

Southern States

TEXAS

Remember our story about Pretendville ISD

showing us the difference between

the Federal Government and

States’ Rights

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The Federal Government (U.S. government

governs all the states)

wanted to abolish slavery

Federal Government

Civil War: 1861-1865

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• The Northern States agreed with the Federal Government and wanted to abolish slavery.

• Their economy was based on industry and did not rely on slavery.

• Very few families owned slaves.

• The Northern States formed the Union.

Civil War: 1861-1865

Northern States

Northern States

The Union©2012, TESCCC

• The Southern States did not agree with the Federal Government.

• They believed in STATES’ RIGHTS (states making laws for themselves and not being told what to do by the Federal Government).

• Their economy was based on agriculture (farming and raising livestock) and relied heavily on slavery.

• Many plantation owners used slaves to work in their homes and fields.

Civil War: 1861-1865

The Confederacy©2012, TESCCC

• The Southern States, including Texas, SECEDED (pulled out of) the United States in 1861.

• The Southern states formed the CONFEDERACY (states have more power than the Federal Government).

Civil War: 1861-1865

The Confederacy©2012, TESCCC

Texas gave reasons for joining the Confederacy:• Texas supported its "sister slave-

holding States.”

• The Federal government had not been helping Texas prevent Indian attacks, slave-stealing raids, and other acts of banditry in Texas.

• Texas economy depended on slavery.

Civil War: 1861-1865

The Confederacy

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• Texas Governor, Sam Houston, did not agree with secession from the union and was removed after Texans voted overwhelmingly to secede in February of 1861.

Civil War: 1861-1865

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Civil War: Impact on Texas

• Texans fought in many battles in the Civil War on the Confederate and Union side.

• Conscription Act (were forced or drafted into the army) - Over 60,000, Texans joined the Confederacy.

• On the Union side, former slave Milton Holland and many Texas immigrants fought.

Northern States

Northern States

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Civil War: Impact on Texas

• With so many Texans fighting in the war, women and children had to be responsible for the businesses, farms, and homes.

• Plus, the demand for cotton was down because of the war.

• There were shortages of commodities like coffee, medicine, and clothing.

• Many suffered the loss of family members.

• Life was very hard in Texas.

Image found at: http://welcomebacktopottersville.blogspot.com/2010/07/i-could-

just-see-this-now.html

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Civil War: Impact on Texas

• Throughout the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln developed several plans to bring the nation back together and to give the enslaved African Americans their freedom.

• The Executive Order known as The Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves in the slave-holding Southern states, went into effect January 1, 1863.

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Civil War: Civil War Ends• The war ended in April 1865, but because of Texas’s

location, the news of the war ending did not reach Texas until June 19, 1865.

• The last Civil War battle was in Brownsville, Texas May 12 -13, 1865.

• The North, or Union forces, had already won the war.

• Confederate General Robert E. Lee had signed the surrender agreement one month previous.

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Quiz – Quiz – Praise!• Turn to your Quiz-Quiz-Praise partner and take turns quizzing

each other over following Civil War terms:

• Be sure to praise each other when you get an answer correct with a high five, or a quick cheer!

• If you get “stuck,” take a peek at your Bean Bingo Game!

Quiz Partner A:Quiz your friend over the terms:• Federal Government• States’ Rights• Union• Confederacy

Quiz Partner B:Quiz your friend over the terms:• Seceded• Conscription Act• Emancipation

Proclamation

Reconstruction: 1865 - 1877

Image from: http://www.mrburnett.net/civilwar.html

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• A week after the end of the Civil War, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

• His successor, President Johnson continued on with the process of Reconstruction, or rebuilding the country.

Reconstruction: Impact

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Reconstruction: Impact• On June 19, 1865, General Gordon Granger

arrived in Texas in Galveston Bay with 2,000 federal troops announcing and enforcing the Emancipation Proclamation.

• June 19th became known as Juneteenth, which became a celebration of slaves being set free.

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• There was a great increase in…

• Tenant farming – people reside on and farms land owned by a landlord

• Sharecropping – people farming another man’s land for a share of the profit

Reconstruction: Impact

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• Many Texans were not happy about losing the war because their life had changed drastically.• There was a shortage of free labor to farm

their fields.

• There was inadequate production in agriculture and business.

• Transportation was disrupted.

Reconstruction: Impact

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• In order to protect the rights of freed slaves, new laws had to be enacted.

• The Freedmen’s Bureau was established in 1865 by the Federal Government to provide the following for freed slaves:

• Food• Shelter• Medicine • Opened the first schools for African Americans in Texas, which

were in operation for over 100 years

Reconstruction: Impact

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To come back into the Union, the Texas State Constitution of 1876 had to include:

Thirteenth Amendment (1865),

which freed the slaves

Fourteenth Amendment (1868), which gave African

Americans citizenship

Fifteenth Amendment (1869), which gave African American men the

right to vote

Reconstruction: Impact

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• Because some did not agree with the new laws of the U.S., some states passed Jim Crow laws to enforce segregation (separating races).

• It became illegal for Black Texans and sometimes Hispanic Texans to …• eat in the same restaurants• stay in the same hotel• attend the same schools• be treated in the same hospital as the Anglo Texans

Reconstruction: Impact

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• The Ku Klux Klan was a group that was formed to force segregation and to keep African Americans from taking part in politics.

• This was a time of great conflict, as Texans made their way through a new era without slavery supporting agriculture.

Reconstruction: Impact

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Quiz – Quiz – Praise!• Turn to a “quiz partner” and take turns quizzing each other over

what the following Civil War terms mean

• Be sure to praise each other when you get an answer correct with a high five, or a quick cheer!

• If you get “stuck,” see if another Quiz group can help you!

Quiz Partner A:Quiz your friend over the terms:• Reconstruction• Emancipation Proclamation• Juneteenth• Tenant Farming• Sharecropping

Quiz Partner B:Quiz your friend over the terms:• Texas Constitution of 1876• 13th Amendment• 14th Amendment• 15th Amendment• Jim Crow Laws