the cold war: 1940s – 1950s mr. bach hudson high school united states history
TRANSCRIPT
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The Cold War:The Cold War:1940s – 1950s1940s – 1950s
Mr. BachHudson High SchoolUnited States History
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Cold War Chess GameCold War Chess Game
• The Cold War is much like a game of chess.
• One side makes a move and the other side makes a strategic decision to counter that move.
• Chess is game that can take hours to play; the Cold War will last through five decades.
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So Let’s Begin the So Let’s Begin the Game!Game!
• To review what we have covered so far in the Cold War, we will play the Cold War Chess Game.
• See if you can remember the moves and countermoves for each side.
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19451945
• American Move #1– Americans detonate atomic bombs
over Hiroshima and Nagasaki– Powerful weapon is threatening to
the Soviets given the hard anti-communist stance of the Americans.
• Soviet Countermove #1– Soviets use spies within the United
States to obtain atomic secrets.
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19461946
• Soviet Move #1:– Iron Curtain descends on Eastern Europe– Soviets ignore American requests for free
elections; install puppet governments– Justification: Buffer zone needed because
of World War I and II.
• American Countermove #1:– George Kennan’s Containment Policy– Truman Doctrine (Greece and Turkey)– Marshall Plan (Western Europe)
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19481948
• Soviet Move #2:– Soviets block supply routes into
West Berlin
• American Countermove #2:– Berlin Air Lift– Within one year, Soviet Union backs
down
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19491949
• American Move #3– United States heads a new military
alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Soviet Countermove #3– Soviet Union heads a new military
alliance, the Warsaw Pact (1955)
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19491949
• Soviet Move #3– Soviet Union detonates an atomic
bomb.– China falls to communism
(communist nations’ population is now more than double that of the NATO alliance)
• American Countermove #3– Second Red Scare– Loyalty Oathes– Spy Cases (Rosenbergs Executed)– McCarthyism
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19501950
• Soviet Move #4– Kim Il Sung’s North Korean
Communists invade Democratic South Korea
• American Countermove #4– The United Nations declares a
“police action” to expel the North Korean invaders from South Korea
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The UN Security The UN Security CouncilCouncil
5 nations with permanent veto power
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The Korean WarThe Korean War
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Truman vs. MacArthurTruman vs. MacArthur
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North Korea TodayNorth Korea Today
Cease fire in effect since July 27, 1953
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Leadership Change in Leadership Change in 19531953
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
Premier Nikita Khrushchev
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Spy vs. SpySpy vs. Spy• Americans
develop the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
• Soviets develop the Committee for State Security (KGB)
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The Arms RaceThe Arms Race
Americans Soviets
October 1952
Hydrogen Bomb
August 1953
December 1957
ICBMs August 1957
January 1958
Satellite October 1957
Brinkmanship added to Containment under Eisenhower
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Reaction to Reaction to SputnikSputnik• National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) formed in 1958
• National Defense Education Act (1958)
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Eisenhower’s Farewell Eisenhower’s Farewell AddressAddress
A Warning – “The Military-Industrial Complex”