the cold war 1945-1991 addie molisee. what is a cold war? what countries were involved? the term...
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The Cold War
1945-1991Addie Molisee
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What is a Cold War? What Countries were Involved?
• The term “cold war” was first used in 1947 by Bernard Baruch, senior advisor to Harry Truman.
• Called a cold war because the United States and Soviet Russia, the main enemies, were too fearful of nuclear retaliation to attack directly.
• Attacked indirectly, becoming involved in each other's conflicts around the world and used words as weapons.
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Causes of the Cold War
• There is said to be two possible reasons for the Cold War:
The first being that it was caused over the disagreement of distributing land in Europe to the Allied countries after WWII.
The second that the Cold War was a fight between democracy and Communism; in which case, it started in 1917 after the Russian Revolution. In fact, the U.S.A. was involved in an effort to pacify the revolutionary regime, creating hostility even before WWII.
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Major Conflicts of the Cold War
Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, and the Berlin Wall
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Cuban Missile Crisis
• The U.S. attempts to overthrow Fidel Castro and his communist regime and fails.
• Nikita Khrushchev, leader of Russia, uses this to convince Castro to allow him to place Russian missiles in Cuba.
• U.S.A. finds the missiles, leading to a period of intensity and nuclear threats.
• Although the Cuban Missile Crisis only lasted a week, it was one of the most serious confrontations of the war and resulted in a trade embargo and diplomatic isolation between the U.S. and Cuba that is still active today.
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Vietnam
• In 1954 Ho Chi Minh and his communist Viet Minh gained control of North Korea. The South was anti-communist and led by Ngo Dinh Diem.
• China and the Soviet Union provide assistance to North Korea, and the U.S. allies with South Korea.
• U.S. is used as support for S. Korea as it feared escalating conflict would lead to military involvement from N. Korea’s allies.
• Vietnam War has profound impact on American culture due to strong disapproval for the war.
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Berlin Wall
• After World War II, East and West Germany was divided by the allies, the eastside falling under control of the Soviet Union.
• Dissatisfied by the socialist government, East Germans begin fleeing into western Berlin.
• In response, the government of East Germany, backed with Soviet tanks and weapons, sets up a wall, a Todesstreifen (death strip), dividing east and west Berlin.
• Wall did not come down until November 9, 1989.
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Cultural Impact of the Cold War
• The Cold War created a feeling of intense fear of communism, the red scare, that resonated in American culture:– Intense feelings of nationalism and anti-communism in
Americans– Hollywood actors suspected of being sympathetic to
communists were blacklisted and unable to work in the entertainment business.
– Installation of preventative measures in case of a nuclear attack, including secret nuclear testing and school drills.
– Feelings of distrust in Americans and American politicians when dealing with those whom associate with communists.
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Sources
1. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/cold_war.htm
2. http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113#p2
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_during_the_Cold_War