THE COLD WAR – a prefaceBig Three meet at summits

Stalin, Churchill, RooseveltTehran (11/1943)

D-day, Concessions to Please Stalin.

Yalta (2/1945)USSR would enter the Pacific Theatre, agreed on Partition of Germany, United Nations, and Free Elections.

Potsdam (w/Truman 7/1945)

Communist Eastern Europe

The Cold WarPost-war tensions in Europe

Troubles with StalinDuring the warNo free elections after warPuppet governmentsSoviet Bloc (Czech, Poland, Hungary, etc)

The Iron CurtainAfter Potsdam, Stalin cuts off contact w/ West

Soviet Bloc (Satellites) countries act as bufferSoviet troops Occupy Central and Eastern EuropeChurchill called the dividing line between the democratic and communist European countries the Iron Curtain

ContainmentAmerican Response

Foreign policy of containmentStops spread of communism Truman Doctrine

Military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey

Marshall Plan$13 billion in Economic assistance to European countriesStalin desperate to get Berlin

Berlin Blockade => Berlin Airlift 200,000 Flights in 1 year

Example of Conflict between West and USSR

Stalin sets up the German Democratic RepublicThe Brain Drain forces USSR to set up the Berlin Wall in 1961

New AlliancesNATO- April 1949

U.S., Canada, W. EuropeUnited Military Defense“Massive Retaliation” “You mess w/ 1, you mess with all…and we have bigger bombs (Nukes)”

Soviet Response Warsaw Pact 1955

In Response to FRG Joining NATO

U.S.S.R.,7 Satellite Countries

Prevent Invasion of the Soviet Union

The Superpowers Race

Nuclear Arms RaceUS Uses A-Bomb in 1945

Soviets test A-bomb in 1949Each side wants more than the other.Brinkmanship-Two Countries going to the edge of War M.A.D-Mutual Assured Destruction

SPACE RACEA dual purpose

ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missle)

Sputnik (1957)Yuri Gargarin (1961)-Soviet Hero

Soviet victories embarrassed the U.S.

Changes in LeadershipKhrushchev & De-Stalinization

Kennedy & inexperienceNew conflict

Bay of Pigs-Failed Invasion of CubaCuban Missile Crisis- 13 Day stand off between the USSR and the US

U.S. Set up blockade of Cuba (Quarantine)

Agreed to remove ICBM’s from Turkey

COMMUNISM SPREADS EAST•After WWII China resumes its Civil War• The People’s Liberation Army vs. the Kuomintang

• Communist vs. Nationalist

•Chiang Kai Shek vs Mao Zedong•The Communists overtake the Nationalists in 1949.

•They even have peasant support•The People’s Republic of China is born.

•Mao aligns himself with Stalin.• Inspired to implement THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD in 1958• GLF- Industrialization and Communal Farming => Famine

• Great Leap Forward leads to 30 Million Deaths

After the Great Leap Forward-Mao loses face and Power in the CCP

-Launches the Cultural Revolution-Goal was to eliminate all forms of Capitalism

-Make the working class equal

During the Cultural Revolution in ‘66-Students leave School to Form “Red Guard”

-Youth movement to further Mao’s C.R.-arrested “counter revolutionaries”

-Disbanded in ‘68

Post WWII, Soviets Occupied North of 38th

Parallel

Post WWII, U.S. Occupied South of

38th

Parallel

Original Goal Was to Unite Korea

But Cold War Tensions between the U.S. And the Soviets made that impossible.

NORTH KOREA BECOMES COMMUNIST

N. Korea (Financed by Stalin)With 90,000 troops invade South

Korea in 1950

The U.S. Responds by leading a UNMilitary Force to push back the invasion

MacArthur leads UN ForcesIn Amphibious attack at the

Port of Inchon

They Push the North to the Yula River…Victory?

180,000 Chinese TroopsSave N. Korea

Stalemate at the 38th Parallel…Truman happy to call for a Cease Fire

VIETNAMFrench try to regain Colonial ControlHours after Japan’s Surrender..

Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independent Democratic Republic of VietnamFrench defeated at Diem Bien Phu

Ho Chi MinhNorthern VietnamCommunist Fought Indochina War against French

Geneva Conference 1954Vietnam is Divided into North & SouthSouth Vietnam createdU.S. Supports South Vietnamese RegimeU.S. Had try to stop the Domino effect

Southern Regime felt like U.S. ColonialismVietminh established National Liberation FrontVietcongSouth Vietnamese travel North to receive training

US Response to French Defeat

EscalationGulf of Tonkin Incident

“Attack” on U.S. ShipUgly War

Guerilla WarfareLack of Support back HomeMai Lai Massacre

US General Murders Vietnamese villagers

Carpet Bombing, Agent Orange, and Napalm

VietnamizationTry to help train the South Vietnamese To take control of the situationU.S. Troops could withdrawlPolicy of Containment FailedVietcong take over in ‘77

VietnamFrench colony wants independ. following WWIIHo Chi Minh

Northern VietnamCommunistFought Indochina War against French

U.S. tries to stop domino by “advising” France

Vietnam ContinuedCountry of South Vietnam created

Following defeat of France at Diem Bien PhuAmerican “Advisors” become soldiers

Gulf of Tonkin incidentAn ugly war

Vietcong, Mai Lai MassacreAgent Orange, Napalm, Saturation bombing

Escalation (Pres. Johnson) followed by Vietnamization (Pres. Nixon)

"For the Russian people, the question of Poland is not only a question of honor but also a question of security. Throughout history, Poland has been the corridor through which the enemy has passed into Russia. Poland is a question of life and death for Russia."