the colonies come of age chapter 3. england and its colonies chapter 3 section 1

The Colonies Come of The Colonies Come of AgeAge

Chapter 3Chapter 3

England and its ColoniesEngland and its Colonies

Chapter 3 section 1Chapter 3 section 1

England and its Colonies ProsperEngland and its Colonies Prosper

The theory of The theory of mercantilism is what mercantilism is what sparked the interests sparked the interests of the English in of the English in establishing colonies.establishing colonies.

Mercantilism = a Mercantilism = a country’s ultimate country’s ultimate goal is self-sufficiency goal is self-sufficiency and that all countries and that all countries were in competition to were in competition to acquire the most gold acquire the most gold and silver.and silver.

The theory of _________________ The theory of _________________ is a country’s ultimate goal is self-is a country’s ultimate goal is self-sufficiency and that all countries sufficiency and that all countries

were in competition to acquire the were in competition to acquire the most gold and silvermost gold and silver

mercantilismmercantilism

Countries wanted Countries wanted more gold coming more gold coming in than out.in than out.

The British felt the The British felt the American colonies American colonies were a good place were a good place to trade goods.to trade goods.

There were plenty There were plenty of raw materials of raw materials there.there.

The Navigation ActsThe Navigation Acts

In the 1600’s the In the 1600’s the colonies were sending colonies were sending large amounts of furs, large amounts of furs, tobacco, lumber, and tobacco, lumber, and other things to England.other things to England.

But the colonists were But the colonists were also selling some goods also selling some goods to other countries.to other countries.

This helped the This helped the colonists make extra colonists make extra money.money.

Navigation ActsNavigation Acts

The English saw this The English saw this as a threat.as a threat.

In 1651, the British In 1651, the British Parliament, the Parliament, the country’s legislative country’s legislative body, passed the body, passed the Navigation Acts.Navigation Acts.

The Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts were a series of were a series of laws that restricted laws that restricted trade for the trade for the colonists.colonists.

The _______________ ____ were The _______________ ____ were a series of laws enacted by a series of laws enacted by

Parliament, beginning in 1651, to Parliament, beginning in 1651, to tighten England's control over the tighten England's control over the

coloniescolonies


The acts were The acts were favorable to the favorable to the English in that by English in that by restricting trade restricting trade with England, the with England, the English dock English dock workers were in workers were in demand.demand.

This meant more This meant more jobs.jobs.

Shipbuilding also Shipbuilding also began to boom.began to boom.

Tensions EmergeTensions Emerge

Colonists did not like Colonists did not like the Navigation Acts.the Navigation Acts.

It cut into their It cut into their profits.profits.

Many of them began Many of them began to smuggle.to smuggle.

In 1684, King Charles In 1684, King Charles II began to II began to crackdown on these crackdown on these people in people in Massachusetts.Massachusetts.

The English were having a hard time getting The English were having a hard time getting the Puritans there to obey there laws.the Puritans there to obey there laws.

So they revoked the Puritan charter.So they revoked the Puritan charter. Massachusetts then became a royal colony, Massachusetts then became a royal colony,

under the control of the crown.under the control of the crown.

This king of England punished the This king of England punished the Puritans for not following the laws Puritans for not following the laws set forth by the Navigation Acts?set forth by the Navigation Acts?

Charles IICharles II

The Dominion of New EnglandThe Dominion of New England

James II came into James II came into power in 1665.power in 1665.

He placed the He placed the Northern colonies Northern colonies under a single ruler in under a single ruler in Boston.Boston.

All the land from All the land from Maine to New Jersey Maine to New Jersey became one big became one big colony called the colony called the Dominion of New Dominion of New England.England.

All the land from Maine to New All the land from Maine to New Jersey became one big colony Jersey became one big colony

called the?called the?

Dominion of New EnglandDominion of New England

The Dominion of New EnglandThe Dominion of New England James II chose Sir James II chose Sir

Edmund Andros, an Edmund Andros, an aristocrat to rule.aristocrat to rule.

He was not the nicest He was not the nicest person.person.

““You have no more You have no more privileges left you, privileges left you, than not to be sold for than not to be sold for slaves.”slaves.”

Puritans disliked him Puritans disliked him because he questioned because he questioned the lawfulness of their the lawfulness of their religion.religion.

Sir Edmund AndrosSir Edmund Andros

He enforced the He enforced the Navigation Acts.Navigation Acts.

Punished smugglers.Punished smugglers. Restricted assemblies.Restricted assemblies. The Puritans tried to The Puritans tried to

send a minister back send a minister back to England to have to England to have him removed, but they him removed, but they were unsuccessful.were unsuccessful.

Governor appointed by the King of Governor appointed by the King of England to govern over the England to govern over the Dominion of New England?Dominion of New England?

Sir Edmund AndrosSir Edmund Andros

Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

King James II was King James II was unpopular in the unpopular in the colonies.colonies.

The fact that he was The fact that he was Catholic and Catholic and disrespected Parliament disrespected Parliament made him liked less made him liked less back in England.back in England.

When he had a son in When he had a son in 1688 the British decided 1688 the British decided that they could not have that they could not have a Catholic Dynasty.a Catholic Dynasty.


The Parliament The Parliament invited William of invited William of Orange from Orange from Holland and his Holland and his wife Mary to take wife Mary to take over the country.over the country.

William was the William was the husband of James husband of James Protestant Protestant daughter Mary.daughter Mary.

The legislative body of England?The legislative body of England?

ParliamentParliament


King James II fled King James II fled the country and the country and they took the they took the throne.throne.

A series of laws A series of laws were passed by were passed by parliament which parliament which established its laws established its laws over the Monarchy.over the Monarchy.

This series of events This series of events was known as the was known as the Glorious Revolution.Glorious Revolution.

During the Glorious Revolution, this During the Glorious Revolution, this catholic King of England fled the catholic King of England fled the

throne for fear of his life, Parliament throne for fear of his life, Parliament replaced him with William and replaced him with William and

Mary?Mary?

James IIJames II

The Transfer of the British The Transfer of the British Monarchy from James II to William Monarchy from James II to William and Mary in 1688-1689 was known and Mary in 1688-1689 was known

as this?as this?

The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution

Who were the royalty that Who were the royalty that Parliament replaced James II with Parliament replaced James II with during the Glorious Revolution?during the Glorious Revolution?

William and MaryWilliam and Mary


When the colonists When the colonists heard about the heard about the Glorious Glorious Revolution, they Revolution, they had their own had their own bloodless revolt.bloodless revolt.

They arrested They arrested Andros and his Andros and his royal councilors.royal councilors.


Parliament gave them back their charter, but required the Parliament gave them back their charter, but required the Puritans to be more tolerant to other religions and made them Puritans to be more tolerant to other religions and made them allow non-puritan representation in the colonial assembly.allow non-puritan representation in the colonial assembly.

So the Puritans could no longer persecute Quakers and So the Puritans could no longer persecute Quakers and Anglicans.Anglicans.

England Loosen its ReignsEngland Loosen its Reigns In 1688, England In 1688, England

stopped worrying about stopped worrying about the colonies and began the colonies and began concentrating on concentrating on France.France.

For they were For they were competing with competing with England over control of England over control of Europe.Europe.

The colonies were The colonies were making England money making England money so they did not worry so they did not worry about sending soldiers about sending soldiers over to enforce laws.over to enforce laws.

VS

Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect

After the Glorious After the Glorious Revolution Revolution England tried to England tried to strengthen the strengthen the Navigation Act byNavigation Act by

1.1. Trying smugglers Trying smugglers by English judgesby English judges

2.2. Creating a Board Creating a Board of Trade to of Trade to monitor colonial monitor colonial Trade.Trade.


The judges were not The judges were not to hard on the to hard on the smugglerssmugglers

The officials only The officials only lightly enforced the lightly enforced the new measures.new measures.

Salutary Neglect Salutary Neglect became known as became known as the policy of the policy of Parliament not Parliament not supervising the supervising the colony closely as colony closely as long as raw materials long as raw materials continued flowing continued flowing into the homeland into the homeland and the colonists and the colonists continued to buy continued to buy English-produced English-produced goods.goods.

An English policy of Relaxing the An English policy of Relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its enforcement of regulations in its

colonies in return for the colonies’ colonies in return for the colonies’ continued economic loyalty?continued economic loyalty?

The seeds of Self GovernmentThe seeds of Self Government Governors of the Governors of the

colonies were put in colonies were put in charge by the king.charge by the king.

The colonial assembly The colonial assembly paid the governors paid the governors salary.salary.

So the colonialists So the colonialists influenced the governors influenced the governors by ways like the by ways like the approval of laws and approval of laws and appointments of judges.appointments of judges.

This gave the colonists a This gave the colonists a taste of self taste of self government.government.

The seeds of The seeds of Self Self

GovernmentGovernment The colonists still The colonists still

considered considered themselves British themselves British subjectssubjects

They wanted to They wanted to benefit the British benefit the British Empire as well as Empire as well as themselves.themselves.

The colonies did not The colonies did not have much in common have much in common with one another.with one another.

The Northern and The Northern and Southern colonies Southern colonies were developing were developing different societies different societies altogether.altogether.

The Agricultural SouthThe Agricultural South


A Plantation Economy arisesA Plantation Economy arises Since the James Town Since the James Town

Colony, the Southern Colony, the Southern colonists staked their colonists staked their livelihood on the fertile livelihood on the fertile soil from the Chesapeake soil from the Chesapeake region to Georgia.region to Georgia.

Many farmers had a Many farmers had a single cash crop – one single cash crop – one grown primarily for sale grown primarily for sale rather than for the rather than for the farmers own use.farmers own use.

Tobacco was a favorite Tobacco was a favorite cash crop for Maryland, cash crop for Maryland, Virginia, and North Virginia, and North CarolinaCarolina

A crop grown for a farmer for sale A crop grown for a farmer for sale rather than for personal use?rather than for personal use?

Cash cropCash crop

A Plantation Economy arisesA Plantation Economy arises

In the South, In the South, plantations plantations developed instead developed instead of towns.of towns.

Plantation owners Plantation owners made most of what made most of what they needed on they needed on their properties.their properties.

They didn’t need They didn’t need shops and markets.shops and markets.

A Plantation Economy arisesA Plantation Economy arises There were There were

some cities in some cities in the Souththe South

Charles Town Charles Town (Charleston, (Charleston, South South Carolina), Carolina), became one of became one of the most the most thriving ports in thriving ports in the British the British Empire.Empire.

Life in the Southern SocietyLife in the Southern Society Not all people prospered Not all people prospered

under the plantation system.under the plantation system. Large numbers of European Large numbers of European

immigrants came to North immigrants came to North America during the 1700’s.America during the 1700’s.

In the South, Germans came In the South, Germans came and raise grain, livestock, and raise grain, livestock, and tobacco.and tobacco.

Many Scots and Scottish Many Scots and Scottish Irish came into North Irish came into North Carolina.Carolina.

These people became These people became known as small farmers.known as small farmers.

They made up the majority They made up the majority of the South’s population.of the South’s population.

A Plantation Economy arisesA Plantation Economy arises

It was the big It was the big plantation owners plantation owners who controlled the who controlled the South’s economy, South’s economy, political, and social political, and social institutions.institutions.

By the mid 1700’s By the mid 1700’s many Southerners many Southerners were doing well.were doing well.

The Role of WomenThe Role of Women

Women were second Women were second class citizens in both the class citizens in both the North and the South.North and the South.

Few legal or social Few legal or social rightsrights

Couldn’t vote, couldn’t Couldn’t vote, couldn’t preach.preach.

Daughters of wealthy Daughters of wealthy southern planters were southern planters were taught only the basics of taught only the basics of reading, writing, and reading, writing, and arithmetic.arithmetic.


Average Average Southern fixed Southern fixed dinnerdinner

Slaughtered Slaughtered pigspigs

Milked cowsMilked cows SewedSewed Washed clothesWashed clothes Tended the Tended the

gardengarden Cleaned the Cleaned the

househouse


Plantation women Plantation women had servants to do had servants to do all those things.all those things.

Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants Mostly white men who Mostly white men who

escaped prison or escaped prison or poverty in England for poverty in England for a limited time of a limited time of servitude in North servitude in North America.America.

They did not have They did not have many rights in many rights in bondage.bondage.

Many died.Many died. After there service After there service

they went to the they went to the western outskirts of western outskirts of the Southern colonies the Southern colonies and tried to survive.and tried to survive.

Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants

After 1630, they After 1630, they made between ½ made between ½ and 2/3 of all and 2/3 of all immigrants.immigrants.

Their numbers Their numbers declined by 1700.declined by 1700.

As the work force As the work force became harder to became harder to come by, the come by, the plantation owners plantation owners turned to African turned to African Slaves.Slaves.

The Evolution of SlaveryThe Evolution of Slavery In the early colonial In the early colonial

days, the English tried days, the English tried to get the Native to get the Native Americans to work for Americans to work for them.them.

Native Americans Native Americans escaped into the escaped into the woods though.woods though.

Without the Indians Without the Indians and the lack of and the lack of indentured servants indentured servants coming in the colonists coming in the colonists turned to the Africans.turned to the Africans.

Many people did not Many people did not have problems about have problems about subjecting Africans to subjecting Africans to a life of servitude, for a life of servitude, for they thought of them they thought of them as inferior.as inferior.

They also thought They also thought they were capable of they were capable of handling the demands handling the demands of plantation labor in of plantation labor in hot climates.hot climates.

In 1690, 13,000 slaves In 1690, 13,000 slaves in Southin South

In 1750, 200,000 In 1750, 200,000 slaves in Southslaves in South

European Slave TradeEuropean Slave Trade

Before the English Before the English began bringing in began bringing in slaves to the colonies, slaves to the colonies, they had been using they had been using them in Jamaica and them in Jamaica and Barbados on sugar Barbados on sugar plantations.plantations.

In 1690, on Barbados, In 1690, on Barbados, the slave population the slave population was 60,000.was 60,000.

The white population The white population was 20,000.was 20,000.

Triangular Triangular TradeTrade

During the 17During the 17thth century, Africans became part of the century, Africans became part of the triangular trade network.triangular trade network.

In the Triangular trade process: merchants carried rum In the Triangular trade process: merchants carried rum and other goods from New England to Africa; in Africa and other goods from New England to Africa; in Africa they traded merchandise for enslaved people, whom they they traded merchandise for enslaved people, whom they transported to the West Indies and sold for sugar and transported to the West Indies and sold for sugar and molasses; these goods were then shipped to New molasses; these goods were then shipped to New England to be distilled into rum.England to be distilled into rum.

The transatlantic system of trade in The transatlantic system of trade in which goods and people, including which goods and people, including slaves, were exchanged between slaves, were exchanged between Africa, England, Europe, the West Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies of North Indies, and the colonies of North

America?America?

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

The Middle The Middle PassagePassage

The voyage that brought Africans to the West The voyage that brought Africans to the West Indies and later to North America was known as Indies and later to North America was known as the middle passage, because it was considered the middle passage, because it was considered the middle leg of the transatlantic trade the middle leg of the transatlantic trade network.network.

The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage

The experience The experience was long and was long and awful for the awful for the Africans.Africans.

1.1. First they were First they were branded for branded for identification.identification.

2.2. They were They were packed into the packed into the dark holds of dark holds of long ships.long ships.

3.3. They had to They had to smell vomit and smell vomit and waste the waste the whole trip.whole trip.

Olaudah EquianoOlaudah Equiano

““the closeness of the place, and the the closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. This turn himself, almost suffocated us. This produced copious perspirations, so that produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration the air soon became unfit for respiration from a variety of loathsome smells, and from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought sickness among the slaves, pf brought sickness among the slaves, pf which many died.”which many died.”

The Middle The Middle PassagePassage

Many died of Many died of disease along disease along the way.the way.

Many Many committed committed suicide by suicide by jumping jumping overboard.overboard.

Up to 20% of Up to 20% of almost every almost every ship failed to ship failed to make it to make it to the Americas.the Americas.

The voyage that brought enslaved The voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the West Indies and Africans to the West Indies and

later to North America?later to North America?

The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage

Slavery in the SouthSlavery in the South

80% to 90% of 80% to 90% of slaves went on to slaves went on to work the fields.work the fields.

On plantations, On plantations, slaves were ordered slaves were ordered around by field around by field bosses.bosses.

On small farms, On small farms, slaves usually slaves usually worked alongside worked alongside farmers.farmers.


10% to 20% of 10% to 20% of slaves worked slaves worked in the house of in the house of their owner.their owner.

They cooked, They cooked, cleaned, and cleaned, and raised the raised the masters masters children.children.


Other slaves Other slaves developed skills as developed skills as carpenters, carpenters, bricklayers, and bricklayers, and blacksmiths.blacksmiths.

These slaves were These slaves were often rented out.often rented out.

Slavery in the Slavery in the SouthSouth

For slaves, full time For slaves, full time work began about at work began about at age 12, and went on till age 12, and went on till very old age or death.very old age or death.

Slaves that were Slaves that were disobedient were often disobedient were often whipped.whipped.

In Virginia, if a slave In Virginia, if a slave owner beat his slave to owner beat his slave to death, it was not death, it was not considered murder if considered murder if the beating was being the beating was being given out as a given out as a punishment.punishment.

Culture and FamilyCulture and Family Slaves wove baskets Slaves wove baskets

and made pottery as and made pottery as they had done back in they had done back in Africa.Africa.

They kept musical They kept musical traditions and told traditions and told stories about their stories about their ancestors.ancestors.

Because families were Because families were torn apart, the slaves torn apart, the slaves created new families created new families with the people they with the people they lived with.lived with.

If a parent were sold, If a parent were sold, other slaves would fill other slaves would fill the role.the role.

Culture Culture and and

FamilyFamily African influence African influence

remained remained particularly strong particularly strong in South Carolina in South Carolina and Georgia.and Georgia.

Many of the Many of the slaves that came slaves that came here had here had experience with experience with growing rice.growing rice.

Rice soon became Rice soon became the main cash the main cash crop.crop.

Many of these Many of these slaves came from slaves came from the same region the same region in South Africa.in South Africa.

The Ring ShoutThe Ring Shout

Many Africans Many Africans continued to practice a continued to practice a religious dance known religious dance known as the ring shout.as the ring shout.

This dance paid tribute This dance paid tribute to the groups to the groups ancestors and gods.ancestors and gods.

It involved loud chants It involved loud chants and quick, circular and quick, circular steps.steps.

White colonists tried to White colonists tried to stop it, but it endured.stop it, but it endured.

Resistance and RevoltResistance and Revolt

Many Africans Many Africans resisted by:resisted by:

Faking illnessFaking illness Breaking toolsBreaking tools And slowing down And slowing down

on workon work

Stono RevoltStono Revolt Some slaves Some slaves revolted.revolted.

The Stono The Stono Rebellion, in Rebellion, in 1739, occurred 1739, occurred as 20 slaves in as 20 slaves in Charles Town Charles Town took weapons took weapons and began and began killing planter killing planter families.families.

They marched They marched around beating around beating drums, calling drums, calling on other slaves on other slaves to join them.to join them.

Stono RebellionStono Rebellion

Their plan was to Their plan was to escape down to escape down to Florida.Florida.

But they were caught But they were caught and executed by a and executed by a militia.militia.

The southern colonists The southern colonists tightened the slave tightened the slave laws in place because laws in place because of the fear of this of the fear of this occurring again.occurring again.

A 1739 uprising of slaves in South A 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening Carolina, leading to the tightening

of already harsh Slave laws?of already harsh Slave laws?

Stono RebellionStono Rebellion

Running AwayRunning Away

Some slaves ran off Some slaves ran off to live with Native to live with Native Americans tribes.Americans tribes.

Between 1736 and Between 1736 and 1801, 1,279 slaves 1801, 1,279 slaves took flight.took flight.

Why not in the NorthWhy not in the North

The north The north depended more on depended more on commerce than on commerce than on agriculture.agriculture.

The Commercial NorthThe Commercial North


Commerce Grows in the NorthCommerce Grows in the North

The theory of The theory of Mercantilism held that Mercantilism held that colonies existed to colonies existed to help the mother help the mother country amass wealth.country amass wealth.

But the American But the American colonies did pretty colonies did pretty well for themselves.well for themselves.

Their economy grew Their economy grew twice as fast as twice as fast as Britain's.Britain's.

A diversified economyA diversified economy Farms in the North Farms in the North

produced several produced several types of crops.types of crops.

They sold crops to the They sold crops to the West Indies, because West Indies, because the sugar plantation the sugar plantation owners were making owners were making so much money off of so much money off of the sugar cane fields, the sugar cane fields, that they didn’t want that they didn’t want to waste any of the to waste any of the land on crops to be land on crops to be used for food.used for food.

A diversified economyA diversified economy

The colonists were The colonists were manufacturing manufacturing huge numbers of huge numbers of ships and large ships and large quantities of iron.quantities of iron.

They made 1/3 of They made 1/3 of all British ships and all British ships and produced more produced more iron than England.iron than England.

Merchants became Merchants became very rich.very rich.

Urban LifeUrban Life In the North, port cities In the North, port cities

grew rapidly because of grew rapidly because of trade.trade.

In the South, Charles town In the South, Charles town was the only major port.was the only major port.

The North had Boston, New The North had Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia.York City, and Philadelphia.

Philadelphia became the Philadelphia became the second largest city in the second largest city in the British Empire.British Empire.

It was the first city since It was the first city since Roman times to be laid out Roman times to be laid out in a grid like street plan.in a grid like street plan.

Urban LifeUrban Life Philadelphia Philadelphia had parks, had parks, police police patrols, patrols, paved paved streets, streets, whale oil whale oil lamps to light lamps to light side walks,side walks,

But clean But clean water was water was hard to find, hard to find, and there and there was too much was too much garbage.garbage.

Influx of ImmigrantsInflux of Immigrants Germans and Scottish Irish Germans and Scottish Irish

were the largest groups.were the largest groups. Many German Mennonites Many German Mennonites

came to Pennsylvania came to Pennsylvania because of William Penn’s because of William Penn’s religious freedom policy, religious freedom policy, and they shared the and they shared the Quakers pacifism.Quakers pacifism.

Many Dutch came to New Many Dutch came to New York.York.

Scandanavians in Scandanavians in Deleware.Deleware.

Jews in Newport and Jews in Newport and Philadelphia.Philadelphia.

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin said thisBenjamin Franklin said this ““why should the Germans why should the Germans

be suffered to swarm into be suffered to swarm into our settlements and, by our settlements and, by herding together establish herding together establish their language and their language and manners to the exclusion manners to the exclusion of ours? Why should of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by Pennsylvania, founded by English, become a colony English, become a colony of aliens, who will shortly of aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them.our Anglifying them.

Slavery in the NorthSlavery in the North

Northern farm crops did not need the amount of labor as Northern farm crops did not need the amount of labor as those in the South did.those in the South did.

Therefore they did not need slavery as bad.Therefore they did not need slavery as bad. They still had slavery in the North though.They still had slavery in the North though.


Most enslaved Most enslaved peoples in the peoples in the North had better North had better legal standing than legal standing than they did in the they did in the South.South.

They could sue and They could sue and be sued.be sued.

They had right of They had right of appeal in the appeal in the highest courts.highest courts.


No laws protected No laws protected them from cruelty.them from cruelty.

They were not They were not allowed to gather allowed to gather or carry weapons.or carry weapons.

Slaves sometimes Slaves sometimes rebelled because of rebelled because of these conditions.these conditions.

NY uprisingsNY uprisings

In 1712, an uprising led In 1712, an uprising led to the execution of 21 to the execution of 21 people.people.

In 1741, some In 1741, some suspicious fires and suspicious fires and robberies led to the fear robberies led to the fear of another uprising, to of another uprising, to make examples of the make examples of the ringleaders, 13 persons ringleaders, 13 persons were burned alive, and were burned alive, and 18 people were hanged.18 people were hanged.

Women in Northern CitiesWomen in Northern Cities

Not many legal rightsNot many legal rights Could not voteCould not vote Could not buy or sell Could not buy or sell

propertyproperty Could not keep their Could not keep their

own wages outside the own wages outside the home.home.

In New England, In New England, Puritan clergymen said Puritan clergymen said that wives must submit that wives must submit to their husbands.to their husbands.

Witchcraft Trials in SalemWitchcraft Trials in Salem In 1692, several In 1692, several

Salem girls accused Salem girls accused a West Indian Slave a West Indian Slave woman of witchcraft.woman of witchcraft.

The girls then began The girls then began accusing others of accusing others of witchcraft. witchcraft.

Soon this spun out of Soon this spun out of control.control.

Many accusers were Many accusers were poor, and brought poor, and brought charges against the charges against the wealthy.wealthy.

Many victims were Many victims were women thought of as women thought of as overly independent.overly independent.

When the girls tried to When the girls tried to charge the governors charge the governors wife, the trials ended.wife, the trials ended.

The people realized The people realized they had been listening they had been listening to false evidence, and to false evidence, and they closed the court.they closed the court.

19 people had been 19 people had been hunghung

1 person had been 1 person had been crushed to death.crushed to death.

Five died in jail.Five died in jail. 150 were imprisoned.150 were imprisoned.

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

Philosophers in Philosophers in Europe began Europe began using reason and using reason and scientific method scientific method to obtain to obtain knowledge.knowledge.

They concluded They concluded that the world is that the world is governed not by governed not by chance or miracles chance or miracles but by but by mathematic laws.mathematic laws.

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin Enlightenment ideas Enlightenment ideas

traveled to the colonies traveled to the colonies through books.through books.

Literacy was high in New Literacy was high in New England because Puritans England because Puritans supported public education supported public education so that everyone could so that everyone could read the Bible.read the Bible.

Benjamin Franklin became Benjamin Franklin became an Enlightenment figure.an Enlightenment figure.

His kite in a thunderstorm His kite in a thunderstorm helped demonstrate helped demonstrate lightning was a form of lightning was a form of electrical power.electrical power.

An Eighteenth century intellectual An Eighteenth century intellectual movement that emphasized the use movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method of reason and the scientific method as means of obtaining knowledgeas means of obtaining knowledge

EnlightenmentEnlightenment

Philadelphia inventor, writer, and Philadelphia inventor, writer, and political leader?political leader?

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson used Thomas Jefferson used reason to conclude reason to conclude that individuals have that individuals have natural rights, which natural rights, which the government must the government must respect.respect.

Enlightenment Enlightenment principles lead many principles lead many colonists to question colonists to question the authority of the the authority of the British monarchy.British monarchy.

The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening In the late 1700’s, the In the late 1700’s, the

Puritans lost their grip on Puritans lost their grip on society.society.

In 1691 the new In 1691 the new Massachusetts charter Massachusetts charter forced them to allow forced them to allow freedom of religion.freedom of religion.

Many people began Many people began making money and did not making money and did not put as much attention to put as much attention to the afterlife as they once the afterlife as they once had.had.

Jonathan Edwards helped Jonathan Edwards helped drive the revival of religion drive the revival of religion in peoples livesin peoples lives

Forceful preacher in the Great Forceful preacher in the Great Awakening?Awakening?

Jonathan EdwardsJonathan Edwards

Great AwakeningGreat Awakening

Puritan preachers began preaching to people about rededicating Puritan preachers began preaching to people about rededicating their lives to God.their lives to God.

Revival meetings began taking place outdoors.Revival meetings began taking place outdoors. The resulting religious revival known as the Great Awakening, The resulting religious revival known as the Great Awakening,

lasted from the 1730’s to 1740’s.lasted from the 1730’s to 1740’s.

Great AwakeningGreat Awakening Many colonists, native Many colonists, native

Americans, and Americans, and African Americans African Americans began going to began going to organized churches for organized churches for the first time during the first time during the Great Awakening.the Great Awakening.

Many colonists Many colonists abandoned Puritan abandoned Puritan and Anglican churches and Anglican churches and began attending and began attending Baptist and Methodist Baptist and Methodist congregations.congregations.

Great AwakeningGreat Awakening

Many Protestant denominations began opening up Many Protestant denominations began opening up Universities like Princeton, Brown, Columbia, and Universities like Princeton, Brown, Columbia, and Dartmouth to train ministers.Dartmouth to train ministers.

The Great Awakening taught people to question The Great Awakening taught people to question traditional authority.traditional authority.

It emphasized reason, and deemphasized the role of It emphasized reason, and deemphasized the role of Church authority.Church authority.

A revival of religious feeling in the A revival of religious feeling in the American colonies during the American colonies during the

1730’s and 1750’s?1730’s and 1750’s?

The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening

The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWar


Rivals for an EmpireRivals for an Empire

France and Britain France and Britain were competing to were competing to build the world’s build the world’s biggest Empire.biggest Empire.

One area of One area of contention was the contention was the rich Ohio River Valley.rich Ohio River Valley.

The colonists favored The colonists favored Britain because they Britain because they thought of themselves thought of themselves as British.as British.

France’s North American EmpireFrance’s North American Empire

In 1534 Jacques Cartier In 1534 Jacques Cartier explored the St. explored the St. Lawrence River.Lawrence River.

In 1608, Samuel In 1608, Samuel Champlain founded the Champlain founded the town of Quebec, the town of Quebec, the first permanent French first permanent French settlement in North settlement in North America.America.

After establishing After establishing Quebec, French priests Quebec, French priests and traders moved into and traders moved into the heart of the the heart of the continent.continent.


In 1682, Robert In 1682, Robert Cavelier, claimed Cavelier, claimed the entire the entire Mississppi Valley for Mississppi Valley for France.France.

He named it He named it Louisiana in honor Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV.of King Louis XIV.

By 1754, the colony By 1754, the colony of New France, had of New France, had only 70,000 people only 70,000 people (compared to (compared to 1,000,000 in the 1,000,000 in the British colonies).British colonies).

French colony in North America?French colony in North America?

New FranceNew France


French colonists were French colonists were mostly traders and mostly traders and Catholic Priests who Catholic Priests who wanted to convert wanted to convert Native Americans.Native Americans.

They did not try to They did not try to build towns or raise build towns or raise families.families.

They had better They had better relations with the relations with the Native Americans than Native Americans than the British did.the British did.

France’s North France’s North American American EmpireEmpire

They relied on Native They relied on Native American tribes like American tribes like the Hurons, Ottowas, the Hurons, Ottowas, Ojibwas, and others Ojibwas, and others to do much of the to do much of the trapping.trapping.

In 1609, the French In 1609, the French helped the Algonquin helped the Algonquin and other Native and other Native Americans defeat the Americans defeat the Mohawk Iroquois.Mohawk Iroquois.

Britain Defeats an old enemyBritain Defeats an old enemy

The two forces would collide in 1754.The two forces would collide in 1754. The French built Fort Duquesne where modern Pittsburgh is now.The French built Fort Duquesne where modern Pittsburgh is now. The British had granted 200,000 acres in the Ohio country to a The British had granted 200,000 acres in the Ohio country to a

group of wealthy planters.group of wealthy planters. The Virginia Governor sent a militia, a group of ordinary citizens The Virginia Governor sent a militia, a group of ordinary citizens

who performed military duties, to evict the French.who performed military duties, to evict the French.

GeorgieGeorgie

The militia, led by 22 year The militia, led by 22 year old George Washington, old George Washington, built an outpost called Fort built an outpost called Fort Necessity about 40 miles Necessity about 40 miles from Fort Duquesne.from Fort Duquesne.

In May 1754, In May 1754, Washington’s militia Washington’s militia attacked a small attacked a small detachment of French detachment of French soldiers.soldiers.

The French counter The French counter attacked and forced attacked and forced Washington to surrender.Washington to surrender.

This battle began the This battle began the French Indian War for the French Indian War for the control of North America.control of North America.

Led Virginia troops in first battle of Led Virginia troops in first battle of the French and Indian War?the French and Indian War?

George WashingtonGeorge Washington

Early French Early French VictoriesVictories

A year after losing his first battle, GW went back to help British A year after losing his first battle, GW went back to help British general Edward Braddock drive the French out of Ohio.general Edward Braddock drive the French out of Ohio.

Braddock and 1,500 soldiers launched an attack on Fort Duquesne.Braddock and 1,500 soldiers launched an attack on Fort Duquesne. They were ambushed by the French and Native American allies.They were ambushed by the French and Native American allies.

British General who led the attack British General who led the attack on Fort Duquesne?on Fort Duquesne?

General BraddockGeneral Braddock

The British were not The British were not used to fighting people used to fighting people who shot at them from who shot at them from behind trees, they were behind trees, they were used to fighting people used to fighting people who approached them in who approached them in rows.rows.

So they fled.So they fled. Washington’s men Washington’s men

fought well, but the fought well, but the British were defeated British were defeated over and over again in over and over again in 1755 and 1756.1755 and 1756.

Pitt and the Iroquois turn the TidePitt and the Iroquois turn the Tide

Britain’s King Britain’s King George II put new George II put new leaders in charge leaders in charge to fight the to fight the French.French.

One of them was One of them was William Pitt.William Pitt.

Under Pitt, the Under Pitt, the British were able British were able to start winning to start winning battles.battles.

The Iroquois The Iroquois decided to join decided to join with them with them because of this.because of this.

British leader in the French and British leader in the French and Indian War?Indian War?

William PittWilliam Pitt

In September of 1759, the war took a decisive turn In September of 1759, the war took a decisive turn on the Plains of Abraham outside of Quebec.on the Plains of Abraham outside of Quebec.

Under the cover of night, General James Wolfe Under the cover of night, General James Wolfe scaled the high cliffs that protected Quebec.scaled the high cliffs that protected Quebec.

He captured the French commander by surprise.He captured the French commander by surprise.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War This battle led them to victory This battle led them to victory

in the war.in the war. It officially ended with the It officially ended with the

Treaty of Paris.Treaty of Paris. Great Britain claimed all of Great Britain claimed all of

North America East of the North America East of the Mississippi River.Mississippi River.

This included Florida, which This included Florida, which Britain acquired from Spain, Britain acquired from Spain, an ally of France.an ally of France.

Spain gained the French lands Spain gained the French lands west of the Mississippi, west of the Mississippi, including New Orleans.including New Orleans.

France kept control of a few France kept control of a few small islands near New small islands near New Foundland and the West Foundland and the West Indies.Indies.

War that gave the British control of War that gave the British control of North America?North America?

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

The Native Americans The Native Americans began to believe that began to believe that the British would end up the British would end up driving the game that driving the game that they depended on out they depended on out of the Appalachian of the Appalachian Mountains.Mountains.

The Ottawa leader The Ottawa leader Pontiac saw the victory Pontiac saw the victory for the British as bad for the British as bad news for the Native news for the Native Americans.Americans.

He and his men He and his men captured eight British captured eight British forts, and laid siege on forts, and laid siege on two others.two others.

Native American (Ottowa) leader Native American (Ottowa) leader who fought the British?who fought the British?

PontiacPontiac

In response, British officers In response, British officers presented Small pox presented Small pox infected blankets to two infected blankets to two Deleware chiefs during Deleware chiefs during peace negotiations.peace negotiations.

The virus spread rapidly The virus spread rapidly among the Native among the Native Americans.Americans.

By 1765, most Native By 1765, most Native Americans had been Americans had been weakened by disease and weakened by disease and war, and had to make war, and had to make treatise with the British.treatise with the British.

To stop further To stop further conflicts with the conflicts with the Native Americans, Native Americans, the British issued the British issued the Proclamation of the Proclamation of 1763, which banned 1763, which banned settlement west of settlement west of the Appalachians.the Appalachians.

The British were The British were unable to enforce unable to enforce this though.this though.

Law limiting the area of English Law limiting the area of English settlement?settlement?

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

British policies anger ColonistsBritish policies anger Colonists During the French and Indian During the French and Indian

War, the British began War, the British began cracking down on cracking down on Massachussettes smugglers.Massachussettes smugglers.

In 1761, the royal governor of In 1761, the royal governor of Massachusettes authorized Massachusettes authorized the writs of assistance, which the writs of assistance, which allowed the British soldiers to allowed the British soldiers to search any ship or building.search any ship or building.

Because many merchants Because many merchants worked out of their worked out of their residencies, this allowed the residencies, this allowed the British to search their homes.British to search their homes.

The merchants of Boston The merchants of Boston were outraged.were outraged.

Problems Resulting from the WarProblems Resulting from the War

After the war the British After the war the British sent 10,000 troops to sent 10,000 troops to the territories to control the territories to control Native Americans and Native Americans and the former French the former French subjects.subjects.

This was meant to This was meant to protect the colonies, but protect the colonies, but the colonists saw this as the colonists saw this as might against them.might against them.

Sending these troops Sending these troops cost Britain money, this cost Britain money, this added to their debt added to their debt from the war, which had from the war, which had already doubled their already doubled their national debt.national debt.

To lower the debt, To lower the debt, King George III hired a King George III hired a financial expert, financial expert, George Grenville, as George Grenville, as Prime Minister in Prime Minister in 1763.1763.

Grenville outraged the Grenville outraged the merchants when he merchants when he prompted Parliament prompted Parliament to enact a law known to enact a law known as the Sugar Act in as the Sugar Act in 1764.1764.

Financial expert who was Financial expert who was appointed prime minister of Britain appointed prime minister of Britain

in 1763?in 1763?

George GrenvilleGeorge Grenville

The Sugar Act did three The Sugar Act did three things:things:

1.1. It lowered the duty on It lowered the duty on foreign made Molasses foreign made Molasses by half (so colonists by half (so colonists would not find it would not find it profitable to smuggle)profitable to smuggle)

2.2. It placed duties on It placed duties on certain imports.certain imports.

3.3. It strengthened the It strengthened the enforcement of the law enforcement of the law for smuggling cases to be for smuggling cases to be held in vice-admiralty held in vice-admiralty court rather than court rather than sympathetic colonial sympathetic colonial court.court.

A trade law enacted by Parliament A trade law enacted by Parliament in 1764 in an attempt to reduce in 1764 in an attempt to reduce

smuggling in the British colonies in smuggling in the British colonies in North America?North America?

Sugar ActSugar Act

This made the colonists angryThis made the colonists angry

the colonies come of age chapter 3. england and its colonies chapter 3 section 1

Documents

king of england

new jersey

navigation actsin

american colonies

northern colonies

navigation actsthe english

british parliament

series of laws