the conservation of water and soil resources in the ...sedacaj s.a. senamhi municipalidad provincial...

The conservation of water and soil resources in the

Ronquillo basin in the Northern Sierra of Peru

CASCUS I

Prof. Dr. Achim Schulte, Freie Universitaet Berlin

Dipl.-Geogr. Joachim Krois, Freie Universitaet Berlin

Partners

CEDEPAS Norte

Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca

GIZ

ASPADERUC

CIPDER

Instituto Cuencas

SEDACAJ S.A.

SENAMHI

Municipalidad Provincial de Cajamarca

Municipalidad Distrital de Chetilla y de Magdalena

CARE

Contents

1. Introduction

1. Environmental conditions and problems

2. Water deficit for the city of Cajamarca

2. Methods – scenarios implemented in rainfall runoff model NASIM

1. Conceptual framework and hydrological model approach

2. Two scenarios of two-dimensional measures (terraces/bund systems, aforestation)

3. Two scenarios of point measures (reservoirs, check dams)

3. Results

1. Rainfall and discharge variability

2. Surface runoff in scenario terraces/bund systems

3. Effectiveness of four scenarios concerning water yield

4. Summary

5. Conclusion

6. Outlook

Environmental conditions and problems

1. Introduction – 2. Methods – 3. Results – 4. Summary – 5. Conclusion – 6. Outlook

Pacific Atlantic

ReservoirGallito Ciego

Granja Porcón

Yanacocha

City ofCajamarca(~2700 m asl)


“Infiltration excess and overland flow”

on the slopes – the flat areas are cultivated



Pacific Atlantic

ReservoirGallito Ciego

Granja Porcón

Yanacocha

City ofCajamarca(~2700 m asl)


ChetillanoRonquilloYunga

(500 – 2.300 m asl)

Quechua

(2.300 – 3.500 m asl)

Jalca

(> 3.500 m asl)

Legend

!(KS_used_in_CASCUS

#*KS-SENAMHI-automatic

CASCUS_EZGs

srtm_utm_17s

<VALUE>

-214 - 500

500,0000001 - 2.300

2.300,000001 - 3.500

3.500,000001 - 4.702

srtm_utm_17s

<VALUE>

0

< 500

500 - 1.000

1.000- 1.500

1.500 - 2.000

2.000 - 2.500

2.500 - 3.000

3.000 - 3.500

3.500 - 4.000

4.000 - 4.500

> 4.500

Ecological Zones

Cajamarca


A rainfall event in the Jalca region

in a zero order basin (headwater area)

of Rio Ronquillo watershed…

05.03.2009



“Saturation excess and overland flow”

on the flat areas – the slopes are cultivated

…resulted in subsequent surface runoff formation…

05.03.2009



05.03.2009

…which in turn causes sever soil erosion and sediment transport



Surface runoff Soil degradation

++ Soil erosion

-Soil infiltration+

-

Groundwater Recharge

Rainy Season enhanced runoff,

soil erosion and flooding

Dry Season lower water availability

for human demand within the

watershed and downstream (e.g. for

the city of Cajamarca)



Water deficit for the city of Cajamarca

Gauging station42 km²

CatchmentArea

(km²)Water plant

Hydrauliccapacity

Ronquillo 42SantaApolonia

~100 l/s


Water deficit for the city of Cajamarca


Contents

1. Introduction







3. Results

1. Rain fall and discharge variability



4. Summary

5. Conclusion

6. Outlook

Concept for the implementation of soil and water conservation measures in the Ronquillo watershed


Conceptual framework

Rainfall-runoff-model

Hydrological model approach (NASIM 3.7)

Grey-Box model (physical and conceptual components)

deterministic model

distributed model (Hydrological Response Unit)

Atmosphere

Surface

River channel

Saturated zone

Unsaturated zone

Discharge

Baseflow

Interflow

Channel runoff

Surface runoff

Interception

Precipitation Evaporation

Percolation

Infiltration

Model components Water flows


Chetillano

RonquilloAlto Chetilla

Chamis

Huaquillas

Puente

Chetilla

Captación

Santa Apolonia

Yunga(500 – 2.300 m asl)

Quechua (2.300 – 3.500 m asl)

Jalca(> 3.500 m asl)

Legend

!(KS_used_in_CASCUS

#*KS-SENAMHI-automatic

CASCUS_EZGs

srtm_utm_17s

<VALUE>

-214 - 500

500,0000001 - 2.300

2.300,000001 - 3.500

3.500,000001 - 4.702

srtm_utm_17s

<VALUE>

0

< 500

500 - 1.000

1.000- 1.500

1.500 - 2.000

2.000 - 2.500

2.500 - 3.000

3.000 - 3.500

3.500 - 4.000

4.000 - 4.500

> 4.500

Ecological ZonesCajamarca

Water divide Chetillano and Ronquillo

Continental water divide

Major roads

Meteorological Station (FU-Berlin)

Meteorological Station (SENAMHI)

Gauging Station (FU-Berlin)


Input data to rainfall-runoff-model

Meteorological and gauging station


(A) Widespread two-dimensional measures in agriculture and forestry

(B) Point measures along river channels

Soil and Water Conservation

Techniques (SWCT)

Scenario development


(A) Widespread two-dimensional measures in agriculture and forestry


Techniques (SWCT)


S1

Terraces/bund systems (S1) Aforestation (S2)

S2

Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) Expansion of existing aforestation

S1 Area: 24% S2 Area: 18%


(B) Point measures along river channels


Techniques (SWCT)


Water retarding basins (S3) Check dams (S4)

Laguna Mataracocha123.000 m³

Cushunga basin25.000 m³

Balconillo basin37.000 m³

Total storage volume: 185,000 m³

S3 S4


Contents

1. Introduction







3. Results




4. Summary

5. Conclusion

6. Outlook

Rainfall (Chamis) and discharge variability


Baseflow according to UKIH seperation method - - - Flow recession curves for calculating reservoir volume

Modeled surface runoff at gauging station Ronquillo

20%

Modelled runoff

Current state

S1 (Terrace and bund systems)

01.1

0.08

01.0

1.09

01.0

4.09

01.0

7.09

01.1

0.09

01.0

1.10

01.0

4.10

01.0

7.10

01.1

0.10

01.0

1.11

01.0

4.11

01.0

7.11

01.1

0.11

0.0x100

106

2.0x106

3.0x106

4.0x106

5.0x106

Cu

mu

lati

ve

su

rfa

ce r

un

off

(m

³)

0

2

4

6

Dail

y m

ea

n r

un

off

(m

3s

-1)


Modeled total water yield at gauging station Ronquillo

10%

Modelled runoff

Current state


01.1

0.08

01.0

1.09

01.0

4.09

01.0

7.09

01.1

0.09

01.0

1.10

01.0

4.10

01.0

7.10

01.1

0.10

01.0

1.11

01.0

4.11

01.0

7.11

01.1

0.11

0.0x100

5.0x106

107

1.5x107

2.0x107

2.5x107

3.0x107

Cu

mu

lati

ve r

un

off

(m

³)

0

2

4

6

Dail

y m

ea

n r

un

off

(m

3s

-1)


Hydrological impact is increasing evapotranspiration


01.1

0.20

08

01.0

1.20

09

01.0

4.20

09

01.0

7.20

09

01.1

0.20

09

01.0

1.20

10

01.0

4.20

10

01.0

7.20

10

01.1

0.20

10

01.0

1.20

11

01.0

4.20

11

01.0

7.20

11

01.1

0.20

11

0

1

2

3

4

5

Dail

y m

ean

ru

no

ff (

m³s

-1)

0.0x100

2.0x105

4.0x105

6.0x105

8.0x105

Wate

r d

efi

cit

(m

³)

Cumulative curve of water deficit


S2 (Afforestation)

S3 (Retarding basins)

S4 (Check dams)


Water availability and water deficit


Water yield Water abstraction

Maximum hydraulic conductivity

64 ls-1


Modelled runoff

Current state


S2 (Afforestation)

01.1

0.08

01.0

1.09

01.0

4.09

01.0

7.09

01.1

0.09

01.0

1.10

01.0

4.10

01.0

7.10

01.1

0.10

01.0

1.11

01.0

4.11

01.0

7.11

01.1

0.11

0.0x100

5.0x106

107

1.5x107

2.0x107

2.5x107

3.0x107

Cu

mu

lati

ve r

un

off

(m

³)

0

2

4

6

Dail

y m

ea

n r

un

off

(m

3s

-1)


Year 2005 2006* 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Inhabitants115,116 119,350 136,287 157,458 178,629 199,800 220,970 242,141

Increase (%)

0 4 18 37 55 74 92 110

Water use (l/s)

222 231 261 309 359 404 449 494

*date of publication

Projected increase in population and water usefor the city of Cajamarca

(Sedacaj 2006)

Politca(12.02.2013)



Contents

1. Introduction







3. Results




4. Summary

5. Conclusion

6. Outlook

MeasureMitigation of soil erosion

Water availability up-stream area

Water availability down-stream

Terraces and bund systems (S1) ++ ++ --

Afforestation(S2) + - -

Retarding basins (S3) o o ++

Check dams (S4) o o o

Summary


Conclusion

Terraces and bund systems reduce surface runoff and enhance green water availability. However, in regions prone to water scarcity the implementation of SWCT may significantly alter the distribution of water resources within the basin itself. Thus upstream-downstream issues must be taken into consideration for the promotion of SWCT.

Aforestation with eucalyptus or pine species diminishes water availability upstream as well as downstream. This unintentional impact on water resources should be accommodated in aforestation initiatives.

Retarding basins are appropriate for temporal water storage and reduce water deficit. However, infrastructural measures are expensive and need professional planning and maintenance structures.


Implementation oriented water and soil resources management in the

Northern Andes of Peru under climate uncertainties

CASCUS II

Prof. Dr. Achim Schulte, Freie Universitaet Berlin

Prof. Dr. Robert Juepner, University of Kaiserslautern

Partners

Prof. Dr. Bjoern Waske, FU Berlin

Hydrotec GmbH Aachen

Prof. Eng. Victor Peña, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina

Prof. Eng. Mirella Gallardo, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina

Prof. Eng. Gaspar Méndez, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca

Eng. Carlos Cerdán, Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo

Eng. Antenor Florindez, Instituto Cuencas

Eng. Geog. Alicia Quispe, Gobierno Regional de Cajamarca


CatchmentArea

(km²)Water plant

Hydrauliccapacity

Ronquillo 42SantaApolonia

~100 l/s

Porcon & Rio Grande

152 El Milagro ~200 l/s

Chonta 282Cerrillo(planned)

~370 l/s(planned)

Porcon & Rio Grande

Chonta


Thank you for the attention!

Department of Earth Sciences

Institute of Geographical Sciences

Applied Geography - Environmental Hydrology and Resource Management

Prof. Dr. Achim Schulte

Malteserstr. 74-100, Haus H

12249 Berlin, GERMANY

email: [email protected]

Quality of rainfall runoff model

NSE: Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencyPBIAS: percent bias error indexRSR: ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation


the conservation of water and soil resources in the ...sedacaj s.a. senamhi municipalidad provincial...

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