the crusades. from the 11 th – 13 th centuries, european christians go on a series of military...
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The CrusadesThe Crusades
The CrusadesThe Crusades
• From the 11th –13th centuries, European Christians go on a series of military campaigns to regain the Holy Lands from the Muslims.
Pope Urban IIPope Urban II
• Urban II begins the 1st Crusade.
• Council of Clement in 1095, Pope Urban II urged Christians to take up arms in a holy war.
• Knights and various warriors join up across Europe.
• Joined for various reasons: adventure, fighting, opportunity for riches or a title.
First CrusadeFirst Crusade• Takes place in
1099.• Several thousand
European soldiers invade Jerusalem and massacre thousand of inhabitants.
• Four Christian states created in the region.
Second CrusadeSecond Crusade
• Begins around 1120.• Attempt to regain one
of the Christian states that had fallen to the Muslims
• Failed terribly.
SaladinSaladin• 1187 Jerusalem fell to
Muslims under Saladin
• Saladin well respected and fair Muslim leader.
• After defeat of Christians Saladin allows Christians to leave peacefully.
Third CrusadeThird Crusade
• Led by Frederick Barbarossa, Richard I, Phillip II.
• Crusade overall was not successful.
• However Richard I able to negotiate to allow Christians to visit Holy lands.
. . .
Fourth CrusadeFourth Crusade
• Saladin dies in 1193, so Pope Innocent III started the Fourth Crusade
• However leaders of the Fourth Crusade saw an opportunity to neutralize their largest commercial competitor (Constantinople) in 1204.
• Invade and take Constantinople.
Children’s Crusade 1212Children’s Crusade 1212• 12 year old Nicholas
of Cologne leads thousands of youth to Rome visit pope and discuss his crusade.
• Pope turns him away.• Group splits some
return home while others try to get to holy land.
• Merchants sale kids into slavery.
Impact of the CrusadesImpact of the Crusades• Benefited various
Italian cities economically by bringing more people to the region for trade and development..
• Begins attacks on the Jewish because they were considered infidels as well.