the dance of siva

8/13/2019 The Dance of Siva

1/96

THE DANCE OF SIVAFOURTEEN INDIAN ESSAYS

BY

ANANDA COOMARASWAMY

THE SUNWISE TURN, INC.

2 EAST 31ST STREET

NEW YORK

1918

COPYRIGHT. 1918

THE SUNWISE TURN. Inc.

[Text editing and layout by Jampa Namgyal, October 2009]


2/96

Coomaraswami, nanda ! T"e #ance o$ %i&a ! 'ssay no()

THE DANCE OF SIVA

CONTENTS

What Has India Contributd to Hu!an W"#ar$ %%%%% 1

Hind !i"# $% A&'( Hi)'$&ic*+ ........... 18

Hind !i"# $% A&'( T"$&- $% B"*'- ........ 3

T*' B"*'- i) * S'*'" ............. 38

Bddi)' P&i/i'i0") ..............

T" D*nc" $% Si0* ...............

Indi*n I/*4") Wi' 5*n- A&/) .......... 6

Indi*n 5)ic ................. 62

S'*') $% Indi*n W$/"n ............ 82

S**7* .................. 13

In'"++"c'*+ F&*'"&ni'- ............. 112

C$)/$$+i'*n !i"# $% Ni"')c" .......... 11

Y$n4 Indi* ................. 122

Indi0id*+i'-, A'$n$/- *nd Fnc'i$n ........ 136

2 * )0


3/96


:IST OF P:ATES BETWEEN PAGES

F&$n'i)i"c" C$)/ic D*nc" $% N*'*&*7*, 12' C"n'&-.

I. Fi4&" *. A0*+$;i'")0*&* B$di)*''0*, 8' C"n'&-.

Fi4&" !. ?C*/!II. T$di R*4i/ @* /)ic*+ /$d", 1' C"n'&- . . . 6=66

>!III. 5*d=/*d*0+ R*4i/ @* /)ic*+ /$d", 1' C"n'&- 68=69

>I>. T$di R*4i/ @* /)ic*+ /$d", 18' C"n'&- . . . 8=81

>>. A Hind +*d- *' "& '$i+"', 18' C"n'&- .... 8=8

>>I. C*nd B+>III. R*d* in "& ;i'c"n, K&i)n* *' '" #ind$#, 1)' C"n'&- 9=91

>>I!. W"&" "*c i)


4/96


WHAT HAS INDIA CONTRI&'TED TO H'MAN WE(FARE$1

E*c &*c" c$n'&i


5/96


n$ )i4ni%ic*nc" %$& '" &*c'ic*+ &"%$&/"&. T" B&*/*n), $n '" c$n'&*&-, c$n)id"&"d *++ *c'i0i'- n$' di&"c'"d in

*cc$&d*nc" #i' * c$n)i)'"n' '"$&- $% '" /"*nin4 *nd &$)" $% +i%" *) )&"/"+- n&*c'ic*+.

On+- $n" c$ndi'i$n "&/i') ) '$ "c)" '" indi%%"&"nc" $% '" E&$"*n indi0id*+ '$ i+$)$- i' i) '*' '" )'&44+"

'$"i)' +"*0") i/ n$ 'i/" %$& &"%+"c'i$n. Pi+$)$- c*n $n+- (, p"ilosop"er and educator,administrator and soldier, tradesman and "erdsman, cra$tsman and labourer(

#"ammapada, AB 8 also t"e Jata7amala o$ rya %ura, xix, 2B( :iscount Torio in T"e Japan #aily ail, No&ember )9t"!20t", )A90( T"e w"ole essay, o$ w"ic" a good part is uoted in .a$cadio

1earn-s - 4limpses o$ n$amiliar Japan,- is a searc"ing criticism o$ ;estern polity, regarded $rom t"e standpoint o$ a modern3udd"ist(

/ * )0


6/96


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7/96


"0i+, *nd &"%"& '$ )"*; $% ;n$#+= "d4" *nd i4n$&*nc" @0id-* *nd *0id-*, *nd $% '" '&"" *+i'i") $% )*''0*,

&*7*), *nd '*/*). A) ;n$#+"d4" inc&"*)"), )$ /c '" /$&" #i++ * /*n $% i) $#n /$'i$n, *nd n$' %&$/ *n- )"n)" $%

d'-, '"nd '$ &"'&n, *nd i) c*&*c'"& *nd *c'i$n) #i++ ation is maintained 6 Fatsya

Durana, cxl&( 2BG( #"arma may also be translated as social norm, moral law, order, duty, rig"teousness, or as religion, mainly inits exoteric aspects(

B * )0


8/96


&"4"n"&*'" /*n. T" '&nin4 $in' i) n$' '$


9/96


Gi0"n '" n*'&*+ c+*))"), $n" $% '" 4$$d "+"/"n') $% #*' i) n$# &"4*&d"d *) d"/$c&*c- #*) &$0id"d ation at t"e parting o$ t"e ways(

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10/96


&"c$0"&- $% $+i'ic*+ $#"&, *nd *&'+- *) '" &")+' $% d")'&c'i0" "+$i'*'i$n ation is t"e duead?ustment o$ t"e two points o$ &iew( nd ?ust because t"is balance "as been so conspicuously attained in ndia, one w"o 7nows

$ar more o$ ndia t"an r( #ic7inson remar7s t"at s"e 6 may yet be destined to prepare t"e way $or t"e reconciliation o$C"ristianity wit" t"e world, and t"roug" t"e practical identi$ication o$ t"e spiritual wit" t"e temporal li$e, to "asten t"e period o$

t"at t"ird step $orward in t"e moral de&elopment o$ "umanity, w"en t"ere will be no di&isions o$ race, creed, or class, ornationality between men, by w"atsoe&er name t"ey may be called, $or t"ey will all be one in t"e ac7nowledgment o$ t"eir

common 3rot"er"ood 6 F%ir 4eorge 3irdwood, %&a, p( +//G(19 T"e ideal o$ sel$!determination Fs&a!ra?G $or w"ic" t"e llies claim to be $ig"ting(

2 or example and wit"out t"e least ill!will t"e 'nglis" in ndia w"o unconsciously created social con$usion simply because t"eycould not understand w"at t"ey saw, and endea&oured to $it a co!operati&e structure into t"e categories o$ modern political

t"eory(21 %( C( 3asu( T"e #aily Dractice o$ t"e 1indus, 2nd ed(, p( @(

)0 * )0


11/96


BY

ANANDA COOMARASWAMY

[Essay no. 2]


2 EAST 31ST STREET

NEW YORK

1918

COPYRIGHT. 1918




12/96

Coomaraswami, nanda ! T"e #ance o$ %i&a ! 'ssay no( 2

THE DANCE OF SIVA

CONTENTS

Wha Ha! In"#a C$n%#&'(" $ H')an W(*+a%( ..... 1

Hind Vi!" o# A$%& His%o$i'a( ........... 18

H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ Th($%0 $+ B(a'0 ........ 3

Tha B(a'0 #! a Sa( ............. 38

B'""h#! P%#)##(! .............. 4

Th( Danc( $+ S#a ............... 54

In"#an I)a6(! W#h 7an0 A%)! .......... 4

In"#an 7'!#c ................. 2

Sa'! $+ In"#an W$)(n ............ 82

Sahaa .................. 13

In(**(c'a* F%a(%n#0 ............. 112

C$!)$:$*#an -#( $+ N#(;!ch( .......... 115

Y$'n6 In"#a ................. 122

In"##"'a*#0, A'$n$)0 an" F'nc#$n ........ 13

2 ) 9


13/96


1

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F#6'%( &. 7$n=(0 +a)#*0. 7a)a**a:'%a), 8h C(n'%0 2>3

-I. F#6'%( a S(a(" B'""ha, Gan"ha%a. 1! c(n'%0, A.D.

F#6'%( &. D%0a", Sanch*, 2n" c(n'%0, B.C.F#6'%( c.

-II. B'""ha #n Sa)a"h# 8>9

-III. San"#n6 B$"h#!aa, 2n" C(n'%0, A. D. . . . 5>51

I?. San"#n6 B'""ha, C(0*$n, 2n" C(n'%0, A. D. . . 52>53

?. San"#n6 B'""ha, 2n" c(n'%0, A.D 52>53

?I. San"#n6 I)a6(! $+ B'""ha, 2n" C(n'%0, A. D. . . 5>55

?II. B%ah)a, E*(:hana, 8h C(n'%0 44>4

?III. D'%6a a! Chan"* !*a0#n6 7ah#!a, **h C(n'%0 . . 48>49

?I-. D(ah $+ H#%an0a=a!#:'. E*'%a, 8h C(n'%0 . . . >1

?-. @Cha)&(%>)'!#c $+ an a%#!$c%a#c !$c#(0,@ 18h C(n'%0 2>3

?-I. Raan D(# >5

?-II. T$"# Ra6#) a )'!#ca* )$"(, 14h C(n'%0 . . . 4>

?-III. 7a"h'>)a"ha* Ra6#) a )'!#ca* )$"(, 14h C(n'%0 8>9

?I?. T$"# Ra6#) a )'!#ca* )$"(, 18h C(n'%0 . . . 8>81

??. A H#n"' *a"0 a h(% $#*(, 18h C(n'%0 .... 8>85

??I. Chan" B*&*, ca**(" Chan" S'*an, 18h C(n'%0 . . 84>8

??II. H#n"' 7a%%#a6(, a&$' 14 A. D. . 88>89

??III. Ra"ha #n h(% =#ch(n, K%#!hna a h( #n"$, 1! C(n'%0 9>91

??I-. Wh(%( (ach #! &$h, 8h C(n'%0 1>15

??-. A Sch$$* $+ Ph#*$!$:h0, 18h C(n'%0 13>131

??-I. F#6'%( a. On( $+ h( 6a(! $+ a#:'%.F#6'%( &.


14/96


HIND) VIEW OF ART&

1. HISTORY OF AESTHETIC

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+ ) 9


15/96


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16/96


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#h h#! +ac( $a%"! h( Ea!, an" !#::#n6 a(% acc$%"#n6 $ %'*( #. (. c(%()$n#a* :'%#+#ca#$n, h( !( h#)!(*+ $

0$6a>c$n():*a#$n $+ h#! h()(. B0 #%'( $+ h#! 0$6a>:$(% h( c*(a%*0 !a &(+$%( h#) Ra)a,

:$(% ha %#6h($'! $n( &(h(*" a** ha ha" c$)( $ :a!!, an" a** ha a! $ c$)( $ :a!! #n h( +''%(, *#=( an(**# +%'#$n h( :a*) $+ h#! han". An" ha#n6 %'*0 !((n a** &0 #%'( $+ h#! c$nc(n%a#$n, h( 6(n(%$'! !a6( &(6an h( !(#n6

+$%h $+ h( h#!$%0 $+ Ra)a.J

N$#c( h(%( :a%#c'*a%*0 ha h( $%= $+ a% #! c$):*((" &(+$%( h( $%= $+ %an!c%#:#$n $% %(:%(!(na#$n #! &(6'n. 8

Th( )#n" $+ h( !a6(, !a0! Ch'an6 T;', &(#n6 #n %(:$!(, &(> c$)(! h( )#%%$% $+ h( 'n#(%!(, h( !:(c'*') $+ a**

c%(a#$n. C%$c( #! (n#%(*0 c$%%(c h(n h( !:(a=! $+ h( a%#!, h$ n((% )a=(! a !%$=( #h h#! &%'!h #h$'

ha#n6 :%(#$'!*0 !((n # #h h#! #)a6#na#$n an" %()a%=! ha h( ((%na*#!a#$n $+ a $%= $+ a% #):*#(! a #6#*an

#**, h#ch :(%!#!! #n n$ a**$#n6 c(%a#n #!#$n!, #n'##$n!, $% %(:%(!(na#$n! $ &( *$!.9

I !h$'*" &( 'n"(%!$$" ha 0$6a @'n#$n@ #! n$ )(%(*0 a )(na* ((%c#!( $% a %(*#6#$'! "#!c#:*#n(, &' h( )$!

:%ac#ca* :%(:a%a#$n +$% an0 'n"(%a=#n6 ha((%. Han')an, +$% (> a):*(, &(+$%( !(a%ch#n6 h( A!$=a 6%$( +$% S#a,

:%a0(" $ h( 6$"! an" %an6(" h( +$%(! #n #)a6#na#$n #** &( +$'n" h(% h(n $n*0 "#" h( !:%#n6 +%$) h( a**! $+

?Combarieu, Ausic, its =aws and '&olution, gtD( 6*B( T"at :od is t"e actual t"eme o$ all art is suggested by %an5arac"arya int"e commentary on t"e 4ra"ma %utra, 20!2/( w"ere "e indicates t"e 4ra"man as t"e real t"eme o$ secular as well as spiritualsongs ; and according to 4e"men, >7t is noug"t indeed but t"ine own "earing and willing t"at do "inder t"ee, so t"at t"ou dostnot see and "ear :od ?#ialogues on t"e %upersensual =i$e(B

5 C$ ( t"e p"rase >#e&am b"ut&a, de&am ya-et> ; to wors"ip t"e god become t"e god( T"at w"ic" remains $or us ob-ect, remainsun5nown(

4 EFe w"o does not imagine in stronger and better lineaments,> said 4la5e, >and in stronger and better lig"t t"an "is peris"ing

mortal eye can see, does not imagine at all(> "yllant"us emblica, t"e round $ruit o$ w"ic" is about t"e siGe o$ an ordinary marble( T"e simile is a common 7ndian $ormula $or

clear insig"t(8 C$( Coomaraswamy and #uggirala, T"e Airror o$ :esture, 7ntroduction, p( *( %o Hasuband"u spea5s o$ t"e poet as seeing t"e

world, li5e a -u-ube $ruit, lying wit"in t"e "ollow o$ "is "ands ?Hasa&adatta, in&ocation(B >7t seems to me(> @illiam Aorris wrote,>t"at no "our o$ t"e day passes t"at t"e w"ole world does not s"ow itsel$ to me>; and Aagnusson records o$ "im( re$erring to

%igurd t"e Holsung and ot"er poems, t"at >in eac" case t"e sub-ect matter "ad ta5en suc" a clearly de$inite s"ape in "is mind, as"e told me, t"at it only remained to write it down(>

9 Croce, est"etic, pp( /62( /6(1 Jung, syc"ology o$ t"e 3nconscious, pp( **0, **6(

6 ) 9


17/96


$$, an" :(%ha:! ((n )$%( c$n!:#c'$'!*0 #n In"#a, h( #):'*!( $ #c$n$*a%0 "(%#(" +%$) h( !:#%# $+ a"$%a#$n h(

*$#n6 an" :a!!#$na( "($#$n $ a :(%!$na* "##n#0, h#ch ( =n$ a! &ha=#. Paana*#, #n h( Y$6a S'%a, )(n#$n!

h( $ S#*:a

Sa!%a!, an" h( -("#c )an%a! &0 h#ch h( "(##(! a%( #n$=(". H( !h$'*" &( $n( h$ (a%! a !ac%(" h%(a", a

n(c=*ac( $+ h$*0 &(a"!, an" a %#n6 $+ ='!a 6%a!! $n h#! +#n6(% "(*#6h#n6 #n h( $%!h#: $+ G$", +a#h+'* $ h#! #+(,

a$#"#n6 !%an6( $)(n, :#$'!*0 ac'#%#n6 a =n$*("6( $+ a%#$'! !c#(nc(!, !'ch a $n( #! #n"((" a c%a+!)an. 1

E*!(h(%( # #! !a#" h( :a#n(% )'! &( a 6$$" )an, n$ !*'66a%", n$ 6#(n $ an6(% h$*0, *(a%n(", !(*+>c$n%$**(",

"($' an" cha%#a&*(, !'ch !h$'*" &( h#! cha%ac(%.15I #! a""(" ha h( !h$'*" $%= #n !$*#'"(, $% h(n an$h(% a%#!#! :%(!(n, n((% &(+$%( a *a0)an.

In h#! c$nn(c#$n # #! (%0 #):$%an $ %(a*#;( ha h( a%#!an $% a%#! :$!!(!!(" an a!!'%(" !a'! #n h( +$%) $+ a *#+(

c$n%ac, $% %ah(% an h(%("#a%0 $++#c(. H( a! %a#n(" +%$) ch#*"h$$" a! h#! +ah(%@! "#!c#:*(, an" +$**$(" h#! +ah(%@!

11 > T"e lineaments o$ images,> says %u5rac"arya, >are determined by t"e relation w"ic" subsists between t"e adorer and t"edored(> C$( t"e %ai&a in&ocation >T"ou t"at dost ta5e t"e $orms imagined by t"y wors"ippers(>

12 @e cannot assert t"is too strongly o$ ort"odox or classic ?sastriyaB Findu art( '&en t"e miss"apen image o$ a god,> says %u5rac"arya, > is to be pre$erred to t"e image o$ a man, "owe&er c"arming > ; in $ull

accord wit" our modern &iew, t"at pre$ers con&iction to prettiness(1 1rom a Tamil &ersion o$ a %ilpa %astra, 8uoted by earns, 7ndian nti8uary, &ol( &(, /I6(

15 :riinwedel, Ayt"ologie des 4udd"ismus, p( /92( C$( CeGanne( > 7 "a&e ne&er permitted anyone to watc" me w"ile 7 wor5( 7 re$useto do anyt"ing be$ore anyone> ?8uoted @( F( @rig"t( Aodern ainting, p( /2B(

I ) 9


18/96


ca**#n6 a! a )a(% $+ c$'%!(. H( a! )()&(% $+ a 6'#*", an" h( 6'#*"! (%( %(c$6n#;(", an" :%$(c(" &0 h( =#n6. Th(

a%#+#c(% a! a*!$ :%$(c(" +%$) c$):(##$n an" 'n"(%c'#n6 # #! !a#"/ Tha an0 $h(% han a S#*:an !h$'*" &'#*"

():*(!, $n!, !(a:$%!, an=! $% (**!, #! c$):a%a&*( $ h( !#n $+ )'%"(%. 14 Th#! a! 6'#*" !$c#a*#!) #n a n$n>

c$):(##( !$c#(01.

INDIAN SCU h#n6 H#n"' $% B'""h#!. (! ha ( can &(! $&!(%( h( "((*$:)(n $+ an

a% ha #! "#!#nc#(*0 In"#an. Th#! #! h( )a#n !%(a) an" # #! h(!( 0:(! +%$) h#ch h( !'a( an" 6%ac#$'! +$%)! $+

G':a !c'*:'%( "(%#(, an" h(!( #n '%n &(ca)( h( )$"(*! $+ a** B'""h#! a% #n Ch#na. In In"#a :%$:(%, h(0 6%$

)$%( an" )$%( "%a)a#c an" #6$%$'!, #n h( c*a!!#c a% $+ E*'%a an" E*(:hana, 7a)a**a:'%a) an" C(0*$n, an" +$%)

h( &a!#! $+ h( #))(n!( "((*$:)(n! $+ c$*$n#a* B'""h#! an" H#n"' a% #n aa an" Ca)&$"#a. G':a an" c*a!!#c

:a#n#n6 a%( :%(!(%(" a Aana.

Th( (n"(% h')an#!) an" h( :%$+$'n" na'%( !0):ah#(! h#ch a%( !$ c$n!:#c'$'! #n h( :a#n#n6 $+ Aana an" h(

!c'*:'%( $+ 7a)a**a:'%a) a%( %(c$6n#;a&*( ('a**0 #n h( $%= $+ :$(! *#=( A!a6h$!ha an" A%0a S'%a an"

"%a)a#!! *#=( Ka*#"a!a. A!a6h$!ha !a0! $+ P%#nc( S#""ha%ha ha $n( "a0 a! h( a! %#"#n6 #n h( c$'n%0 h( !a a

:#(c( $+ *an" &(#n6 :*$'6h(", #h h( :ah $+ h( :*$'6h &%$=(n *#=( a(! $+ h( a(%. . . .An" %(6a%"#n6 h( )(n a!

h(0 :*$'6h(", h(#% +ac(! !$#*(" &0 h( "'!, !c$%ch(" &0 h( !'n, an" cha+(" &0 h( #n", an" h(#% ca*( &(#*"(%("&0 h( &'%"(n $+ "%a#n6, h( A**>n$&*( On( +(* h( '(%)$! c$):a!!#$n an" a*#6h#n6 +%$) h( &ac= $+ h#! h$%!(, h(

:a!!(" !*$*0 $(% h( (a%h, $(%c$)( #h !$%%$ :$n"(%#n6 h( %h an" "(!%'c#$n :%$c(("#n6 #n h( $%*", h(

6%#((". N$% can an0h#n6 &( )$%( :$#6nan han San# D(a@! (:%(!!#$n $+ h#! !(n!( $+ h( ((%na* )$()(n an"

'n!'&!an#a*#0 $+ *#+( Wh$ #! a =#n!)an, an" h$ a +%#(n", an" 'n$ h$) Th( *#(%a'%( $+ *$( #! n$ *(!!

%()a%=a&*(. W( %(c$6n#;( h(%(, '! a! #n h( :a#n#n6 an" !c'*:'%(, ha #! ((%na* #n a** a%, an" 'n#(%!a* #):a!!#$n("

#!#$n &a!(" $n 'n"(%!an"#n6, c$%%(*a(" #h c*$'"*(!! h$'6h an" "($#" $+ !(n#)(na*#0. Th(%( #! ((%0 %(a!$n $

&(*#(( $$ ha h#! a! h( #)( $+ h#6h(! aa#n)(n #n )'!#c. ("6( $ *$(. Th( #nn(% an" $'(% *#+( (%( +#na**0 'n#+#(" a "((*$:)(n (n#%(*0 ana*$6$'! $

ha $+ (n B'""h#!) #n h( Fa% Ea!. Th( %an!:a%(nc0 $+ *#+( !$ c*(a%*0 (:%(!!(" #n h( :a#n#n6! $+ Aana #!

#n"#ca(" #h a %(n((" ():ha!#! a&$( a** #n h( Ra"ha>K%#!hna c'*! an" #n a** h( N$%h(%n -a#!hnaa :$(%0 an"

:a#n#n6 h( %a"##$n #n h#ch Ran"%anah Ta6$%( #! h( *a(! !#n6(%, an" $+ h#ch h( h($%0 #! :*a#n*0 !( +$%h #n h#!

14 earns, loc( cit(

1 T"e %ociology is discussed more $ully in %ir :eorge 4irdwoods 7ndustrial rts o$ 7ndia, and %&at and my Aediae&al %in"alesert and T"e 7ndian Cra$tsman(

18 T"e beginnings o$ Findu art also go bac5 to t"e second or t"ird century 4( C, but apart $rom a $ew coins, little or not"ing "asbeen pre! ser&ed o$ earlier date t"an t"e t"ird or $ourt" century ( #(

) 9


19/96


!$n6/

N$ )0 a0 $+ !a*a#$n, $ !'%%(n"(% h( $%*"

Rah(% +$% )( h( a!( $+ In+#n#( F%(("$)

Wh#*( 0( I a) &$'n" &0 a h$'!an" &$n"! $ h( h((* . . .

In (ach 6*$%0 $+ !$'n" an" !#6h an" !c(nI !ha** +#n" Th0 #n+#n#( $0 a"#n6/

70 :a!!#$n !ha** &'%n a! h( +*a)( $+ !a*a#$n,

Th( +*$(% $+ )0 *$( !ha** &(c$)( h( %#:( +%'# $+ "($#$n.

P


20/96


BY

ANANDA COOMARASWAMY

[Essay no. 3]


2 EAST 31ST STREET

NEW YORK

1918

COPYRIGHT. 1918




21/96

Coomaraswami, nanda ! T"e #ance o$ %i&a ! 'ssay no( )

THE DANCE OF SIVA

CONTENTS


H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ H#!$%#ca* ........... 18

Hind Vi!" o# A$%& T'!o$y o# (!a%y ........ 3)

Tha B(a'0 #! a Sa( ............. 38

B'""h#! P%#)##(! ..............

Th( Danc( $+ S#a ............... 4

In"#an I)a5(! W#h 6an0 A%)! .......... 7

In"#an 6'!#c ................. 72

Sa'! $+ In"#an W$)(n ............ 82

Sahaa .................. 13

In(**(c'a* F%a(%n#0 ............. 112

C$!)$:$*#an -#( $+ N#(;!ch( .......... 114

Y$'n5 In"#a ................. 122

In"##"'a*#0, A'$n$)0 an" F'nc#$n ........ 137

2 * +


22/96


1

-. F#5'%( a. T():*( a Ba"a)#, 8h C(n'%0.

F#5'%( &. 6$n=(0 +a)#*0. 6a)a**a:'%a), 8h C(n'%0 2>3


F#5'%( &. D%0a", Sanch*, 2n" c(n'%0, B.C.F#5'%( c. 7

-II. B'""ha #n Sa)a"h# 8>9



?. San"#n5 B'""ha, 2n" c(n'%0, A.D 42>43


?II. B%ah)a, E*(:hana, 8h C(n'%0 >7


?I-. D(ah $+ H#%an0a=a!#:'. E*'%a, 8h C(n'%0 . . . 7>71

?-. @Cha)&(%>)'!#c $+ an a%#!$c%a#c !$c#(0,@ 18h C(n'%0 72>73

?-I. Raan D(# 7>74

?-II. T$"# Ra5#) a )'!#ca* )$"(, 1h C(n'%0 . . . 7>77


?I?. T$"# Ra5#) a )'!#ca* )$"(, 18h C(n'%0 . . . 8>81

??. A H#n"' *a"0 a h(% $#*(, 18h C(n'%0 .... 8>84


??II. H#n"' 6a%%#a5(, a&$' 1 A. D. . 88>89


??I-. Wh(%( (ach #! &$h, 8h C(n'%0 1>14

??-. A Sch$$* $+ Ph#*$!$:h0, 18h C(n'%0 13>131

??-I. F#5'%( a. On( $+ h( 5a(! $+ a#:'%.F#5'%( &.


23/96


HIND* VIEW OF ART&

II. THEORY OF BEAUTY

W( ha( !$ +a% "#!c'!!(" h( H#n"' #( $+ a% )a#n*0 +%$) h( #n(%na* (#"(nc( $+ h( a% #!(*+. Th(%( %()a#n!, ha

#! )$%( (ac*0 :(%#n(n $ h( #*( $+ h(!( cha:(%!, $ "#!c'!! h( H#n"' E!h(#c a! # #! (:%(!!*0 +$%)'*a(" an"(*a&$%a(" #n h( a&'n"an San!=%# an" H#n"# *#(%a'%( $n P$(#c! an" h( D%a)a. W( !ha** +#n" ha 5(n(%a*

c$nc*'!#$n! a%( %(ach(" h#ch a%( a::*#ca&*(, n$ $n*0 $ *#(%a'%(, &' $ a** a%! a*#=(.

Th( "#!c'!!#$n &(5#n! #h h( D(+(nc( $+ P$(!01. Th#! #! !'))(" ': #n h( !a()(n ha # )a0 c$n%#&'( $ h(

ach#(()(n $+ a** $% an0 $+ h( F$'% En"! $+ $h(% $% ':$n an$h(% $cca!#$n.

Th( '(!#$n +$**$! / Wha #! h( (!!(n#a* (*()(n #n :$(%0 Acc$%"#n5 $ !$)( a'h$%! h#! c$n!#!! #n !0*( $%

+#5'%(!, $% #n !'55(!#$n 0anana, $ h#ch ( !ha** %(c'% #n "#!c'!!#n5 h( a%#(#(! $+ :$(%0. B' h( 5%(a(% %#(%!

%(+'( h(!( #(! an" a%( a5%((" ha h( $n( (!!(n#a* (*()(n #n :$(%02#! ha h(0 (%) Ra!a, $% F*a$'%. W#h h#!

(%), h#ch #! h( ('#a*(n $+ B(a'0 $% E!h(#c E)$#$n3#n h( !%#c !(n!( $+ h( :h#*$!$:h(%, )'! &( c$n!#"(%("

h( "(%#a#( a"(c#( %a!aan @ha#n5 %a!a@ a::*#(" $ a $%= $+ a%, an" h( "(%#a#( !'&!an#( %a!#=a, $n( h$(n$0! %a!a, a c$nn$#!!('% $% *$(%, an" +#na**0 %a!a!a"ana, h( a!#n5 $+ %a!a, #.(., a(!h(#c c$n():*a#$n. .

N$ $n( !'55(!! ha )(%( )a=(! :$(%0. Th#! (%%$% a! ha%"*0 $ &( (:(c(" #n a c$'n%0 h(%( ((n h( "%0(!

%(a#!(! $n *a an" *$5#c a%( c$):$!(" #n )(%(. 6(%#ca* :$(%0 #! :a"0a =a0a, :%$!( :$(%0 #! 5a"0a =a0a, &' # #!

%a!a ha )a=(! h() :$(%0.

A h$*( *#(%a'%( #! "($(" $ h( "#!c'!!#$n $+ %a!a an" h( c$n"##$n! $+ #! (:(%#(nc(. Th( h($%0, a! ( ha(

%()a%=(", #! $%=(" $' #n %(*a#$n $ :$(%0 an" "%a)a, (!:(c#a**0 h( c*a!!#c "%a)a $+ Ka*#"a!a an" $h(%!. Wh(n (

c$n!#"(% ha h(!( :*a0! a%( (!!(n#a**0 !(c'*a% #n !'&(c an" !(n!'$'! #n (:%(!!#$n, h( :$!##$n a%%#(" a %(5a%"#n5

#! !#5n#+#canc( #** !(() a** h( )$%( %()a%=a&*(.

A(!h(#c ()$#$n %a!a #! !a#" $ %(!'* #n h( !:(ca$% %a!#=a h$'5h # #! n$ (++(c#(*0 ca'!(", h%$'5h h( $:(%a#$n

$+ "((%)#nan! #&haa, c$n!('(n! an'&haa, )$$"! &haa an" #n$*'na%0 ()$#$n! !aa&haa Th'!/

DETER6INANTS/ h( a(!h(#c :%$&*(), :*$, h()(, (c., #;/ h( h(%$ an" $h(% cha%ac(%! an" h( c#%c')!anc(! $+

#)( an" :*ac(. In h( (%)#n$*$50 $+ C%$c( h(!( a%( h( :h0!#ca* !#)'*an! $ a(!h(#c %(:%$"'c#$n.

CONSEUENTS/ "(*#&(%a( )an#+(!a#$n! $+ +((*#n5, a! 5(!'%(!, (c.

6OODS/ %an!#(n )$$"! h#%0>h%(( #n n')&(% #n"'c(" #n h( cha%ac(%! &0 :*(a!'%( an" :a#n, (. 5., $0, a5#a#$n,

#)> :a#(nc(, (c. A*!$ h( :(%)an(n n#n(, #;/ h( E%$#c, H(%$#c, O"#$'!, F'%#$'!, T(%%#&*(, Pah(#c, W$n"%$'! an"

P(ac(+'*.

IN-O)$#+ $ h#ch a** $h(% (:%(!!#$n! $+ ()$#$n a%( !'&$%"#na(. Tha #! $ !a0, h( +#%!(!!(n#a* $+ a %a!aan $%= #! 'n#0

A! a =#n5 $ h#! !'&(c!, a! a 5'%' $ h#! "#!c#:*(!,

E(n !$ h( )a!(%>)$#+ #! *$%" $+ a** $h(% )$#+!.7

1 'specially is&anat"a in t"e %a"itya #arpana, ca( -./0 ( #( trans( 1ibliot"eca ndica, 1allantyne3( lso in t"e gni 4urana,and t"e ya5ti i&e5a(

2 s remar5ed by 6( 7ot"enstein, 8 6"at is written upon a single wor5 s"ould enable people to apply clear principles to all wor5st"ey may meet wit"8 Two #rawings by o5usai, -9-03( lso 1enedetto Croce, 8laws relating to special branc"es are not

concei&able8 est"etic, p( )/03(3 %uc" words as saundarya and rupa s"ould be translated as lo&eliness or c"arm(

#"anam:aya, #asarupa, i&( -(4 Or any two rasas combined(

#asarupa, i&, .;(7 1"arata, Ndtya %astra, +,


24/96


I+, $n h( c$n%a%0, a %an!#(n ()$#$n #! )a"( h( )$#+ $+ h( h$*( $%=, h#! ((n"(" "((*$:)(n $+ a %an!#(n

()$#$n (n"! $ h( a&!(nc( $+ %a!a, 1 $% a! ( !h$'*" n$ !a0, h( $%= &(c$)(! !(n#)(na*. P%(0 a% h#ch

():ha!#;(! :a!!#n5 +((*#n5! an" :(%!$na* ()$#$n #! n(#h(% &(a'#+'* n$% %'(/ # (**! '! $+ )((#n5 a5a#n #n h(a(n, #

c$n+'!(! #)( an" ((%n#0, *$(*#n(!! an" &(a'0, :a%#a*#0 an" *$(.

%'! $+ an0 (:(%#(nc( h#ch #! &(0$n" 5$$" an" (#* an" !$ "($#" $+ a "(+#n#(*0

)$%a* :'%:$!(.

Th( a!#n5 $+ %a!a h( #!#$n $+ &(a'0 #! (n$0(", !a0! -#!anaha, $n*0 &0 h$!( h$ a%( c$):((n h(%($ / an" h(

'$(! Dha%)a"aa $ h( (++(c ha h$!( "($#" $+ #)a5#na#$n, #n h( h(a%(, a%( &' a! h( $$">$%=, h( a**!,

an" h( !$n(!. I #! a )a(% $+ c$))$n (:(%#(nc( ha # #! :$!!#&*( +$% a )an $ "($( a h$*( *#+( #)( $ h( !'"0$+ a%, #h$' ha#n5 $nc( (:(%#(nc(" a(!h(#c ()$#$n/ h#!$%#ca* %(!(a%ch a! C%$c( (:%(!!(! #, "#%(c(" $

#**')#n( a $%= $+ a% &0 :*ac#n5 '! #n a :$!##$n $ '"5( #, "$(! n$ a*$n( !'++#c( $ &%#n5 # $ %h #n $'% !:#%#, +$%

:#c'%(!, :$(%0, an" ((%0 $%= $+ a% :%$"'c( n$ (++(c !a( $n !$'*! :%(:a%(" $ %(c(#( h(). -#!anaha

c$))(n! (%0 :(%#n(n*0 $n h#! +ac h(n h( !a0! ha ((n !$)( $+ h( )$! (a5(% !'"(n! $+ :$(%0 a%( !((n n$

$ ha( a %#5h :(%c(:#$n $+ %a!a. Th( ca:ac#0 an" 5(n#'! n(c(!!a%0 +$% a::%(c#a#$n a%( :a%*0 na#( @anc#(n@ an"

:a%*0 c'*#a(" @c$n():$%a%0@ / &' c'*#a#$n a*$n( #! '!(*(!!, an" #+ h( :$( #! &$%n, !$ $$ #! h( %a!#=a, an"

c%##c#!) #! a=#n $ 5(n#'!.

In"#an h($%0 #! (%0 c*(a% ha #n!%'c#$n #! n$ h( :'%:$!( $+ a%. On h#! :$#n Dhana)a0a #! !'++#c#(n*0 !a%ca!#c/

A! +$% an0 !#):*( )an $+ *#*( #n(**#5(nc(, h( %#(!, h$ !a0! ha +%$) "%a)a!, h#ch "#!#* $0, h( 5a#n #!

=n$*("5( $n*0, a! #n h( ca!( $+ h#!$%0 an" h( *#=( )(%( !a()(n, na%%a#(, $% #**'!%a#$n h$)a5( $ h#), +$% h(

ha! a(%(" h#! +ac( +%$) ha #! "(*#5h+'*.9

Th( !:(ca$%@! a::%(c#a#$n $+ &(a'0 "(:(n"! $n h( (++$% $+ h#! $n #)a5#na#$n, '! a! #n h( ca!( $+ ch#*"%(n

:*a0#n5 #h c*a0 (*(:han!.1 Th'!, (chn#ca* (*a&$%a#$n %(a*#!) #n a% #! n$ &0 #!(*+ h( ca'!( $+ %a!a/ a! %()a%=("

&0 Ran"%anah Ta5$%( #n $'% c$'n%0, h$!( $+ h( a'"#(nc( h$ a%( a::%(c#a#(, a%( c$n(n $ :(%+(c h( !$n5 #n

h(#% $n )#n" &0 h( +$%c( $+ h(#% $n +((*#n5. 11Th#! #! n$ (%0 "#++(%(n +%$) ha #! !a#" &0 S'=%acha%0a #h

%(+(%(nc( $ #)a5(! / h( "(+(c! $+ #)a5(! a%( c$n!an*0 "(!%$0(" &0 h( :$(% $+ h( #%'( $+ h( $%!h#::(% h$

ha! h#! h(a% a*a0! !( $n G$".

8 #asarupa, i&( ./( 1la5e, too, says t"at 8=nowledge o$ deal 1eauty is not to be ac>uired( t is born wit" us(8 nd as 4?u %ung!lingremar5s@ 8'ac" interprets in "is own way t"e music o$ "ea&enA and w"et"er it be discord or not, depends upon antecedent

causes8 Biles, %trange %tones $rom a C"inese %tudio, p( x&ii3(9 #asarupa, -, ;(

1 #asarupa, ( %O( C$( Boet"e, 8e w"o would wor5 $or t"e stage ( ( ( s"ould lea&e Nature in "er proper place and ta5e care$ul"eed not to "a&e recourse to anyt"ing but w"at may be per$ormed by c"ildren wit" puppets upon boards and lat"s, toget"er wit"

s"eets o$ cardboard and linen8 >uoted in ?T"e as5,8 ol( &( p( )(11 Jlban!smriti, pp( -).!/( D #asarupa, i&(( .+(

/ * +


25/96


I+ h#! a#'"( !(()! $ '! "an5(%$'!*0 'nc%##ca*, ha #! $ !a0 "an5(%$'! $ a%, $% %ah(% $ acc$):*#!h)(n, *( '!

%()()&(% ha # :%(a#*(" ((%0h(%( #n a** :(%#$"! $+ 5%(a c%(a#( ac##0 / an" ha h( "(c*#n( $+ a% ha! a*a0!

+$**$(" h( "(c*#n( $+ *$( an" +a#h. T$*(%anc( $+ an #):(%+(c $%= $+ a% )a0 a%#!( #n $ a0! / h( $n( 'nc%##ca*,

:$(%+'**0 !a0(" &0 h( !0):ah(#c, an" $$ (a!#*0 !a#!+#(" #h a (%0 #na"('a( c$%%(!:$n"(nc( &(((n c$n(n

an" +$%), h( $h(% c%(a#(, (%0 *#*( !a0(" &0 c$n!#"(%a#$n! $+ cha%), an" a&*( &0 +$%c( $+ %'( #)a5#na#$n $

c$):*(( h( c$%%(!:$n"(nc( $+ c$n(n an" +$%) h#ch #! n$ ach#((" $% n$ :%(!(%(" #n h( $%#5#na*. Unc%##ca*$*(%anc( #! c$n(n #h :%(#n(!! $% ("#+#ca#$n, an" %(c$#*! +%$) &(a'0 ha #! @"#++#c'*@/ c%(a#( $*(%anc( #!

#n"#++(%(n $ :%(#n(!! $% ("#+#ca#$n, an" #! a&*( +%$) a )(%( !'55(!#$n, !'ch a! an a=a%" @:%#)##(@ $% a &%$=(n

+%a5)(n, $ c%(a( $% %(c%(a( a :(%+(c (:(%#(nc(.

A*!$, h( :(%)an(n )$#+ &(c$)(! %a!a h%$'5h h( %a!#=a@! $n ca:ac#0 +$% &(#n5 "(*#5h(" n$ +%$) h( cha%ac(%

$+ h( h(%$ $ &( #)#a(", n$% &(ca'!( h( $%= a#)! a h( :%$"'c#$n $+ a(!h(#c ()$#$n. H$ )an0 $%=! h#ch

ha( a#)(" a h( :%$"'c#$n $+ a(!h(#c ()$#$n, ha #! $ !a0, h#ch (%( #n(n"(" $ &( &(a'#+'*, ha( +a#*(" $+

h(#% :'%:$!( J

Th( "(5%((! $+ (c(**(nc( #n :$(%0 a%( "#!c'!!(" #n h( Ka0a P%a=a!a an" h( Sah#0a Da%:ana. Th( &(! #! h(%(

h(%( #! a "((:(% !#5n#+#canc( han ha $+ h( *#(%a* !(n!(. In )#n$% :$(%0 h( !(n!( $(%:$(%! h( !'55(!#$n. In

#n+(%#$% :$(%0, !#5n#+#can*0 "(!c%#&(" a! @a%#(5a("@ $% @%$)an#c@ ch#%a, h( $n*0 a%#!#c 'a*#0 c$n!#!! #n h(

$%na)(na#$n $+ h( *#(%a* !(n!(, h#ch c$n(0! n$ !'55(!#$n &(0$n" #! +ac( )(an#n5. Th'! na%%a#( an""(!c%#:#( (%!( a=( a *$ :*ac(, '! a! :$%%a#'%( "$(! #n :*a!#c a%/ an", #n"((", h( Sah#0a Da%:ana (c*'"(! h(

*a! =#n" $+ :$(%0 a*$5(h(%. I #! $ &( $&!(%(" ha h( =#n" $+ !'55(!#$n )(an #! !$)(h#n5 )$%( han #):*#ca#$n

$% "$'&*( (n(n"%(/ #n h( +#%! ca!( ( ha( $ "$ #h )(%( a&&%(#a#$n, c$):a%a&*( #h h( '!( $+ h( $%"!

(c((%a, #n h( !(c$n" ( ha( a )(%( :*a0 $n $%"!. Wha #! 'n"(%!$$" $ &( !'55(!(" #! $n( $+ h( n#n( %a!a!.

I #! $%h n$#n5 ha ( ha( h(%( a "(:a%'%( +%$), an" I h#n=, an #):%$()(n $n C%$c(@! "(+#n##$n @(:%(!!#$n #!

a%.@ A )(%( !a()(n, h$((%, c$):*((*0 (:%(!!#(, !'ch a!/ Th( )an a*=!J $% aL& 2 M a 2 L2a&L& 2 , #! n$ a%.

P$(%0 #! #n"((" a =#n" $+ !(n(nc(12/ &' ha =#n" $+ !(n(nc( A !(n(nc( (n!$'*(" &0 %a!a 13, #. (., #n h#ch $n( $+

h( n#n( %a!a! #! #):*#(" $% !'55(!("/ an" h( !a$'%#n5 $+ h#! +*a$'%, %a!a!a"ana, h%$'5h ():ah0, &0 h$!(

:$!!(!!#n5 h( n(c(!!a%0 !(n!#*#0 #! h( c$n"##$n $+ &(a'0.

Wha h(n a%( %a!a an" %a!a!a"ana, &(a'0 an" a(!h(#c ()$#$n Th( na'%( $+ h#! (:(%#(nc( #! "#!c'!!(" &0

-#!anaha #n h( Sah#0a Da%:ana1 3 / I #! :'%(, #n"##!#&*(, !(*+>)an#+(!(", c$):$'n"(" ('a**0 $+ $0 an"c$n!c#$'!n(!!, +%(( $+ a")#'%( #h an0 $h(% :(%c(:#$n, h( (%0 #n &%$h(% $+ )0!#c (:(%#(nc( B%ah)a!a"ana

!ah$"a%ah, an" h( (%0 *#+( $+ # #! !':(%!(n!'$'! *$=$a%a $n"(%.14 F'%h(%, I #! (n$0(" &0 h$!( h$ a%(

c$):((n h(%($, #n #"(n#01,'! a! h( +$%) $+ G$" #! #!(*+ h( $0 #h h#ch # #! %(c$5n#;(".

F$% ha (%0 %(a!$n # cann$ &( an $&(c $+ =n$*("5(, #! :(%c(:#$n &(#n5 #n"##!#&*( +%$) #! (%0 (#!(nc(. A:a%

+%$) :(%c(:#$n # "$(! n$ (#!. I #! n$ $n ha acc$'n $ &( %(5a%"(" a! ((%na* #n #)( $% a! #n(%%':("/ # #!

#)(*(!!. I #! a5a#n, !':(%!(n!'$'!, h0:(%:h0!#ca* a*a'=#=a, an" h( $n*0 :%$$+ $+ #! %(a*#0 #! $ &( +$'n" #n

(:(%#(nc(17.

R(*#5#$n an" a% a%( h'! na)(! +$% $n( an" h( !a)( (:(%#(nc( an #n'##$n $+ %(a*#0 an" $+ #"(n#0. Th#! #! n$, $+

c$'%!(, (c*'!#(*0 a H#n"' #(/ # ha! &((n (:$'n"(" &0 )an0 $h(%!, !'ch a! h( N($>:*a$n#!!, H!#(h H$, G$(h(,

B*a=(, Sch$:(nha'(% an" Sch#**(%. N$% #! # %(+'(" &0 C%$c(. I ha! &((n %(c(n*0 %(!a(" a! +$**$! /

In h$!( )$)(n! $+ (a*a#$n ha a% can 5#(, # #! (a!0 $ &(*#(( ha ( ha( &((n :$!!(!!(" &0 an ()$#$n hac$)(! +%$) h( $%*" $+ %(a*#0. Th$!( h$ a=( h#! #( #** ha( $ !a0 ha h(%( #! #n a** h#n5! h( !'++ $' $+

h#ch a% #! )a"( %(a*#0. Th( :(c'*#a%#0 $+ h( a%#! $'*" !(() $ &( ha h( :$!!(!!(! h( :$(% $+ !'%(*0 an"

+%('(n*0 !(#;#n5 %(a*#0 5(n(%a**0 &(h#n" :'%( +$%), an" h( :$(% $+ (:%(!!#n5 h#! !(n!( $+ #, #n :'%( +$%) a*a0!

I18

12 T"e li5eness o$ aest"etic to linguistic is indicated in #asarupa, i&( .;(

13 a5yam rasatma5am &aca5am %a"itya #arpana, )(1 &&( ))( /-, /)( /.(

14 6onder is de$ined as a 5ind o$ expanding o$ t"e mind in ?admiration(?1 T"e expression rasas&adana is $ictitious, because rasas&adana is rasa, and !&ice &ersa( n aest"etic contemplation, as in per$ect

wors"ip, t"ere! is identity o$ sub:ect and ob:ect, cause and e$$ect(17 T"e rasi5a is t"ere$ore unable to con&ince t"e 4"ilistine by argument@ "e can but say, Taste and see t"at it is good $or 5now in

w"at "a&e belie&ed(18 Cli&e 1ell( rt( p( /.(

; * +


26/96


H(%( :'%( +$%) )(an! +$%) n$ c*$55(" #h 'na(!h(#c )a(% !'ch a! a!!$c#a#$n!.

I #** &( !((n ha h#! #( #! )$n#!#c/ h( "$c%#n( $+ h( 'n#(%!a* :%(!(nc( $+ %(a*#0 #! ha $+ h( #))an(nc( $+ h(

A&!$*'(. I #! #nc$n!#!(n #h a #( $+ h( $%*" a! a&!$*'( )a0 a, $% '(%*0 'n%(a*, &' # #):*#(! ha h%$'5h h(

+a*!( $%*" $+ ((%0"a0 (:(%#(nc( )a0 &( !((n &0 h$!( $+ :(n(%a#n5 #!#$n a%#!!, *$(%! an" :h#*$!$:h(%!

5*#):!(! $+ h( %(a* !'&!%a(. Th#! $%*" #! h( +$%)*(!! a! ( :(%c(#( #, h( 'n=n$a&*( a! ( =n$ #.

P%(c#!(*0 a! *$( #! %(a*#0 (:(%#(nc(" &0 h( *$(%, an" %'h #! %(a*#0 a! (:(%#(nc(" &0 h( :h#*$!$:h(%, !$ &(a'0 #!

%(a*#0 a! (:(%#(nc(" &0 h( a%#!/ an" h(!( a%( h%(( :ha!(! $+ h( A&!$*'(. B' # #! $n*0 h%$'5h h( $&(c#( $%=

$+ a% ha h( a%#! #! a&*( $ c$))'n#ca( h#! (:(%#(nc(, an" +$% h#! :'%:$!( an0 h()( :%$:(% $ h#)!(*+ #** !(%(,

!#nc( h( A&!$*'( #! )an#+(!(" ('a**0 #n h( *#*( an" h( 5%(a, an#)a( an" #nan#)a(, 5$$" an" (#*.

W( ha( !((n ha h( $%*" $+ B(a'0, *#=( h( A&!$*'(, cann$ &( =n$n $&(c#(*0. Can ( h(n %(ach h#! $%*" &0

%((c#n5 $&(c!, &0 a "(*#&(%a( :'%#+#ca#$n $+ a% +%$) a** a!!$c#a#$n! W( ha( a*%(a"0 !((n, h$((%, ha h( )(%(

#n(n#$n $ c%(a( &(a'0 #! n$ !'++#c#(n/ h(%( )'! (#! an $&(c $+ "($#$n. W#h$' a :$#n $+ "(:a%'%( h(%( can

&( n$ +*#5h an" n$ aa#n)(n/ h(%( a*!$ $n( "$(! n$ aa#n $ :(%+(c#$n &0 )(%( %(n'nc#a#$n. 19 W( can n$ )$%(

ach#(( B(a'0 han ( can +#n" R(*(a!( &0 '%n#n5 $'% &ac=! $n h( $%*"/ ( cann$ +#n" $'% a0 &0 a )(%( "(n#a* $+

h#n5!, &' $n*0 #n *(a%n#n5 $ !(( h$!( h#n5! a! h(0 %(a**0 a%(, #n+#n#( $% &(a'#+'*. Th( a%#! %((a*! h#! &(a'0

h(%((% h( )#n" aach(! #!(*+/ an" h( )#n" aach(! #!(*+, n$ "#%(c*0 $ h( A&!$*'(, &' $ $&(c! $+ ch$#c(.

Th'! ( %('%n $ h( (a%h. I+ ( !'::$!(" ( !h$'*" +#n" h( $&(c $+ !(a%ch (*!(h(%(, ( (%( )#!a=(n. Th( $

$%*"!, $+ !:#%# an" )a(%, P'%'!ha an" P%a=%##, a%( $n(/ an" h#! #! a! c*(a% $ h( a%#! a! # #! $ h( *$(% $% h(

:h#*$!$:h(%. Th$!( Ph#*#!#n(! $ h$) # #! n$ !$ a::a%(n, ( !h$'*" !:(a= $+ a! )a(%#a*#!! $% a! n#h#*#!! (c*'!#(

)$n#!!, $ h$) h( %(:$% $+ h( !(n!(! #! (#h(% a** #n a**, $% n$h#n5 a a**. Th( h($%0 $+ %a!a !( +$%h acc$%"#n5 $

-#!anaha an" $h(% a(!h(#c#an!, &(*$n5! $ $a*#!#c )$n#!) # )a%ch(! #h h( -("ana. In a c$'n%0 *#=( In"#a,

h(%( h$'5h #! 0:#ca**0 c$n!#!(n #h #!(*+, h#! #! n$ )$%( han ( ha" a %#5h $ (:(c.

19 1"aga&ad Bita( ---( -.(

+ * +


27/96


BY

ANANDA COOMARASWAMY

[Essay no. 4]


2 EAST 31ST STREET

NEW YORK

1918

COPYRIGHT. 1918




28/96


THE DANCE OF SIVA

CONTENTS


H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ H#!$%#ca* ........... 18

H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ Th($%0 $+ B(a'0 ........ 3

That !a"ty #s a Stat! ............. $8

B'""h#! P%#)##(! .............. 4

Th( Danc( $+ S#a ............... 54

In"#an I)a6(! W#h 7an0 A%)! .......... 4

In"#an 7'!#c ................. 2

Sa'! $+ In"#an W$)(n ............ 82

Sahaa .................. 13

In(**(c'a* F%a(%n#0 ............. 112

C$!)$:$*#an -#( $+ N#(;!ch( .......... 115

Y$'n6 In"#a ................. 122

In"##"'a*#0, A'$n$)0 an" F'nc#$n ........ 13

2 * +


29/96


1

-. F#6'%( a. T():*( a Ba"a)#, 8h C(n'%0.

F#6'%( &. 7$n=(0 +a)#*0. 7a)a**a:'%a), 8h C(n'%0 2>3



-II. B'""ha #n Sa)a"h# 8>9



?. San"#n6 B'""ha, 2n" c(n'%0, A.D 52>53


?II. B%ah)a, E*(:hana, 8h C(n'%0 44>4


?I-. D(ah $+ H#%an0a=a!#:'. E*'%a, 8h C(n'%0 . . . >1

?-. @Cha)&(%>)'!#c $+ an a%#!$c%a#c !$c#(0,@ 18h C(n'%0 2>3

?-I. Raan D(# >5

?-II. T$"# Ra6#) a )'!#ca* )$"(, 14h C(n'%0 . . . 4>


?I?. T$"# Ra6#) a )'!#ca* )$"(, 18h C(n'%0 . . . 8>81

??. A H#n"' *a"0 a h(% $#*(, 18h C(n'%0 .... 8>85


??II. H#n"' 7a%%#a6(, a&$' 14 A. D. . 88>89


??I-. Wh(%( (ach #! &$h, 8h C(n'%0 1>15

??-. A Sch$$* $+ Ph#*$!$:h0, 18h C(n'%0 13>131

??-I. F#6'%( a. On( $+ h( 6a(! $+ a#:'%.F#6'%( &.


30/96


THAT EA%TY IS A STATE

I #! (%0 6(n(%a**0 h(*" ha na'%a* $&(c! !'ch a! h')an &(#n6!, an#)a*! $% *an"!ca:(!, an" a%#+#c#a* $&(c! !'ch a!

+ac$%#(!, (#*(! $% $%=! $+ #n(n#$na* a%, can &( c*a!!#+#(" a! &(a'#+'* $% '6*0. An" 0( n$ 6(n(%a* :%#nc#:*( $+

c*a!!#+#ca#$n ha! ((% &((n +$'n"/ an" ha h#ch !(()! $ &( &(a'#+'* $ $n( #! "(!c%#&(" a! '6*0 &0 an$h(%. In h(

$%"! $+ P*a$ E(%0$n( ch$$!(! h#! *$( $' $+ h( $&(c! $+ &(a'0 acc$%"#n6 $ h#! $n a!(.

T$ a=(, +$% (a):*(, h( h')an 0:(/ ((%0 %ac(, an" $ !$)( ((n ((%0 #n"##"'a*, ha! an 'n#'( #"(a*. N$% can (

h$:( +$% a +#na* a6%(()(n / ( cann$ (:(c h( E'%$:(an $ :%(> +(% h( 7$n6$*#an +(a'%(!, n$% h( 7$n6$*#an h(

E'%$:(an. O+ c$'%!(, # #! (%0 (a!0 +$% (ach $ )a#na#n h( a&!$*'( a*'( $+ h#! $n a!( an" $ !:(a= $+ $h(% 0:(!

a! '6*0 '! a! h( h(%$ $+ ch#a*%0 )a#na#n! &0 +$%c( $+ a%)! ha h#! $n &(*$(" #! +a% )$%( &(a'#+'* han an0 $h(%.

In *#=( )ann(% h( a%#$'! !(c! )a#na#n h( a&!$*'( a*'( $+ h(#% $n (h#c!. B' # #! c*(a% ha !'ch c*a#)! a%(

n$h#n6 )$%( han !a()(n! $+ :%('"#c(, +$% h$ #! $ "(c#"( h#ch %ac#a* #"(a* $% h#ch )$%a*#0 #! &(! I #! a

*#*( $$ (a!0 $ "(c#"( ha $'% $n #! &(! ( a%( a h( )$! (n#*(" $ &(*#(( # h( &(! +$% '!. Th#! %(*a##0 #!

n$h(%( &((% !'66(!(" han #n h( c*a!!#c !a0#n6 a%#&'(" $ 7a n'n, h(n # a! :$#n(" $' $ h#) ha h( $%*"

a *a%6( %(6a%"(" h#!


31/96


%(:%(!(n, $% h( +((*#n6! h(0 (:%(!!.

O+ c$'%!(., h(n ( c$)( $ ch$$!( !'ch $%=! $+ a% $ *#( #h, h(%( #! n$ %(a!$n h0 ( !h$'*" n$ a**$ h(

!0):ah(#c an" (h#ca* c$n!#"(%a#$n! $ #n+*'(nc( $'% '"6)(n. Wh0 !h$'*" h( a!c(#c #n#( ann$0anc( &0 han6#n6

#n h#! c(** !$)( %(:%(!(na#$n $+ h( n'"(, $% h( 6(n(%a* !(*(c a *'**a&0 $ &( :(%> +$%)(" ':$n h( (( $+ &a*(

Wh(n ((%0 a!c(#c an" ((%0 !$*"#(% ha! &(c$)( an a%#! h(%( #** &( n$ )$%( n((" +$% $%=! $+ a% / #n h()(anh#*( (h#ca* !(*(c#$n $+ !$)( =#n" #! a**$> a&*( an" n(c(!!a%0. B' #n h#! !(*(c#$n ( )'! c*(a%*0 'n"(%>

!an" ha ( a%( "$#n6, #+ ( $'*" a$#" an #n+#n#0 $+ (%%$%, c'*)#na#n6 #n ha 0:( $+ !(n#)(na*#0 h#ch %(6a%"!

h( '!(+'*, h( !#)'*a#n6 an" h( )$%a* (*()(n! #n $%=! $+ a% a! h( (!!(n#a*. W( $'6h n$ $ +$%6( ha h( h$

:*a0! h( #**a#n $+ h( :#(c( )a0 &( a 6%(a(% a%#! han h( h$ :*a0! h( h(%$. F$% &(a'0 #n h( :%$+$'n" $%"! $+

7#**( "$(! n$ a%#!( +%$) h( !'&(c $+ a $%= $+ a%, &' +%$) h( n(c(!!#0 ha ha! &((n +(* $+ %(:%(!(n#n6 ha

!'&(c.

INDIAN PAINTING.

P


32/96


a)$'n! $ an #"(n#0/ # #! $'% $n ac##0, #n h( :%(!(nc( $+ h( $%= $+ a%, h#ch c$):*((! h( #"(a* %(*a#$n, an"

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$ h( $&(c, h(n )$%( $% *(!! &(a'#+'* #** #):*0 a 6%(a(% $% *(!! c$%%(!:$n"(nc( &(((n c$n(n an" +$%), an"

h#! #! a** ha ( can !a0 $+ h( $&(c a! !'ch/ $% #n $h(% $%"!, a% #! 6$$" ha #! 6$$" $+ #! =#n". In h( !%#c(% !(n!(

$+ c$):*((" #n(%na* a(!h(#c ac##0, h$((%, &(a'0 #! a&!$*'( an" cann$ ha( "(6%((!.

Th( #!#$n $+ &(a'0 #! !:$nan($'!, #n '! h( !a)( !(n!( a! h( #na%" *#6h $+ h( *$(% &ha=a. I #! a !a( $+ 6%ac(

ha cann$ &( ach#((" &0 "(*#&(%a( (++$% h$'6h :(%ha:! ( can %()$( h#n"%anc(! $ #! )an#+(!a#$n, +$% h(%(

a%( )an0 #n(!!(! ha h( !(c%( $+ a** a% #! $ &( +$'n" #n !(*+>+$%6(+'*n(!! . An" ( =n$ ha h#! !a( $+ 6%ac( #!

n$ ach#((" #n h( :'%!'# $+ :*(a!'%( h( h("$n#!! ha( h(#% %(a%", &' h(0 a%( #n &$n"a6( $ *$(*#n(!!, h#*( h(

a%#! #! +%(( #n &(a'0.

P


33/96


=n$*("6(, ( )$)(na%#*0 %(c$(% h( 'n#0 $+ $'% &(#n6 %(*(a!(" +%$) #n"##"'a*#0.

Th(%( a%( n$ "(6%((! $+ &(a'0 h( )$! c$):*( an" h( !#):*(! (:%(!!#$n %()#n" '! $+ $n( an" h( !a)( !a(. Th(

!$naa cann$ &( )$%( &(a'#+'* han h( !#):*(! *0%#c, n$% h( :a#n#n6 han h( "%a#n6, )(%(*0 &(ca'!( $+ h(#%

6%(a(% (*a&$%a#$n. C##*#;(" a% #! n$ )$%( &(a'#+'* han !aa6( a%, )(%(*0 &(ca'!( $+ #! :$!!#&*0 )$%( a%ac#(

(h$!. A )ah()a#ca* ana*$60 #! +$'n" #+ ( c$n!#"(% *a%6( an" !)a** c#%c*(! h(!( "#++(% $n*0 #n h(#% c$n(n, n$ #nh(#% c#%c'*a%#0. In h( !a)( a0, h(%( cann$ &( an0 c$n#n'$'! :%$6%(!! #n a%. I))("#a(*0 a 6#(n #n'##$n ha!

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)(an &0 c%(a#( a%, h$((%, ha! n$ n(c(!!a%0 c$nn(c#$n #h n$(*0 $+ !'&(c, h$'6h ha #! n$ (c*'"(".

C%(a#( a% #! a% ha %((a*! &(a'0 h(%( ( !h$'*" ha( $h(%#!( $(%>*$$=(" #, $% )$%( c*(a%*0 han ( ha( 0(

%(c(#(". B(a'0 #! !$)(#)(! $(%*$$=(" '! &(ca'!( c(%a#n (:%(!!#$n! ha( &(> c$)( ha ( ca** hac=n(0("

h(n h( c%(a#( a%#! "(a*#n6 #h h( !a)( !'&(c %(!$%(! $'% )()$%0. Th( a%#! #! cha**(n6(" $ %((a* h( &(a'0

$+ a** (:(%#(nc(!, n( an" $*".

7an0 ha( %#6h*0 #n!#!(" ha h( &(a'0 $+ a $%= $+ a% #! #n"(:(n"(n $+ #! !'&(c, an" %'*0, h( h')#*#0 $+ a%,

h#ch +#n"! #! #n!:#%a#$n ((%0h(%(, #! #"(n#ca* #h h( h')#*#0 $+

$*##$na* cha%ac(% n$ (*()(n $+ ch$#c( (n(%! #n$ ha $%*" $+ #)a6#na#$n an" ((%n#0, &' h(%( #! a*a0! :(%+(c

#"(n#0 $+ #n'##$n>(:%(!!#$n, !$'* an" &$"0. Th( h')an a%#! h$ "#!c$(%! &(a'0 h(%( $% h(%( #! h( #"(a* 6'%' $+

Ka%, h$ %((a*! h( S':%()( S:#%# h(%((% h( )#n" aach(! #!(*+.

+ * +


34/96


BY

ANANDA COOMARASWAMY

[Essays nos. 5 - 6]


2 EAST 31ST STREET

NEW YORK

1918

COPYRIGHT. 1918




35/96

Coomaraswami, nanda ! T"e #ance o$ %i&a ! 'ssays nos( )! *

THE DANCE OF SIVA

CONTENTS


H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ H#!$%#ca* ........... 18

H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ Th($%0 $+ B(a'0 ........ 3

Tha B(a'0 #! a Sa( ............. 38

!""#$s% &'$($%$)*s .............. +6

T#* Dan,* o S$)a ............... 56

In"#an I)a(! W#h an0 A%)! .......... 45

In"#an '!#c ................. 52

Sa'! $+ In"#an W$)(n ............ 82

Saha6a .................. 13

In(**(c'a* F%a(%n#0 ............. 112

C$!)$7$*#an -#( $+ N#(!ch( .......... 11

Y$'n In"#a ................. 122

In"#:#"'a*#0, A'$n$)0 an" F'nc#$n ........ 135

2 + -


36/96


;IST OF P;ATES BETWEEN PAGES

F%$n#!7#(c( C$!)#c Danc( $+ Naa%a6a, 12h C(n'%0.

I. F#'%( a. A:a*$=1

-. F#'%( a. T()7*( a Ba"a)#, 8h C(n'%0.

F#'%( &. $n=3

-I. F#'%( a S(a(" B'""ha, Gan"ha%a. 1! c(n'%0, A.D.

F#'%( &. D%0a", Sanch*, 2n" c(n'%0, B.C.F#'%( c. ;a0 W$%!h#77(%! a a B'""ha Sh%#n(, 2n" C(n'%0 =4>=5

-II. B'""ha #n Sa)a"h# =8>=9

-III. San"#n B$"h#!a:a, 2n" C(n'%0, A. D. . . . >1

I?. San"#n B'""ha, C(0*$n, 2n" C(n'%0, A. D. . . 2>3

?. San"#n B'""ha, 2n" c(n'%0, A.D 2>3

?I. San"#n I)a(! $+ B'""ha, 2n" C(n'%0, A. D. . . =>

?II. B%ah)a, E*(7hana, 8h C(n'%0 44>45

?III. D'%a a! Chan"* !*a0#n ah#!a, **h C(n'%0 . . 48>49

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??II. H#n"' a%%#a(, a&$' 14 A. D. . 88>89

??III. Ra"ha #n h(%


37/96


DDHIST &RIMITIVES

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+()a*( +#'%( a B(!naa%3, an" h( Pa%

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'cha*#n"a, h$, #n h( *#(%a%0 %a"##$n, !h(*(%! h( B'""ha "'%#n h( ((< $+ !$%)!.

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h( Pa*# S'a!, h(%( $%h$"$ B'""h#!) %#(! $ 7%$:( ha a! h( &$"0 h(n "(a" #! %(7'*!#:(, !$ a*!$ #! # h(n

a*#:( B'""h#! )$na!#c#!) $ '!( h( *an'a( $+ B*a


38/96


cha#0aha! %'*0 %(+*(c h( #n(**(c'a* an" a'!(%( (nh'!#a!) $+ Ea%*0 B'""h#!).

An$h(% 7a% $+ h( a% $+ h( Bha%h' %a#*#n an" h( Sanch# a(a0! #! "(:$(" $ h( #**'!%a#$n $+ ("#+0#n *((n"!,

7a%#c'*a%*0 !$%#(! $+ h( +$%)(% *#:(! $+ h( B'""ha, an" $+ h( *a! #nca%na#$n. Th( $%< #! "(*#ca(*0 ((c'(" #n *$

%(*#(+ ( 7'%'!ha . Th( B'""ha h'! c$nc(#:(", $(h(%

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39/96


an" ()anc#7a#$n a%( !$'h $ &( aa#n(" &0 )("#a#$n ca*c'*a(" $ %(*(a!( h( #n"#:#"'a* +%$) ()7#%#ca*

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c$n()7*a#:( ((%c#!(! 7*a0 #n h( !7#%#'a* h#!$%0 $+ h( B%(h%(n, an" $ a *(!!(% ((n $+ *a0)(n, +$% h#*( h( )$!

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&(*#(+ /

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)a"( a 'n#:(%!a**0 %(c$n#(" !0)&$* $+ H#)>h$>ha">h'!>aa#n(".

P;ATE -III

San"#n B$"h#!a:a. S$n( !c'*7'%(. C(0*$n, 2n" c(n'%0, A.D.

Th#! +#'%( $+ h( !(a(" B'""ha>0$#, #h a +a% "((7(% c$n(n, #! a! 7'%(*0 )$n')(na* a% a! ha $+ h( E07#an70%a)#"! an" !#nc( # %(7%(!(n! h( %(a(! #"(a* h#ch In"#an !c'*7'%( (:(% a()7(" $ (7%(!!, # #! (** ha (

+#n" 7%(!(%:(" (:(n a +( )an#+#c(n (a)7*(! $+ c$)7a%a#:(*0 (a%*0 "a(. A)$n! h(!( h( c$*$!!a* +#'%( a

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n(a%*0 %(*a(" $ h(!( a%( h( !an"#n +#'%(! $+ B'""ha! *a(*0 (ca:a(" a A)a%a:a#, %(7%$"'c(" $n P;ATE ?I. T$

a** h(!( $%

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an" #+ h(!( (%( (n(%a**0 )a"( #n $$" $% $h(% #)7(%)an(n )a(%#a*!, h#! $'*" &( #n acc$%" #h a** ha (


40/96


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()7*$0(" &0 h( Gan"ha%a

a%#ch$


41/96


I ha! &((n !'++#c#(n +$% $'% 7'%7$!( $ (7*a#n #n ha !(n!(! Gan"ha%a !c'*7'%( cann$ &( %(a%"(" a! 7%#)##:( an"

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$+ B'""h#! an(c"$( an" h( "(c$%a#$n $+ B'""h#! )$n')(n! Gan"ha%a a% #! )#(", an" )#!#n(%7%((" ('a**0

&$h (a!(%n an" (!(%n +$%)'*a(, h#ch )'! &( $*"(% han #!(*+, h#*( # #! n$ B'""h#! #n (7%(!!#$n h( (a%*#(!

In"#an 7%#)##:(! $+ B'""h#! a% 7%$7(%*0 !$>ca**(" a%( 7%$&a&*0 *$!. In n$%h(%n In"#a h( a&!(nc( $+ 7%#)##:(! #!7a%*0 $ &( acc$'n(" +$% &0 h( +ac ha B'""h#! #n!7#%a#$n a! h(%( a&!$%&(", n$ #n "#%(c c%(a#$n, &' #n a"a7#n

G%a(c$>R$)an )$#+! $ #! $n !7#%#'a* (n"!. In !$'h(%n In"#a an" C(0*$n h( !a)( (n(%0 $%

P;ATE ?I

San"#n #)a(! $+ B'""ha. S$n( !c'*7'%(, 2n" c(n'%0. A. D. A)a%a:a*.

12 3ell 64i&e7, rt, p( 21(

13 'arly 3udd"ist art in C"ina and Japan is also Aprimiti&eA in t"e aest"etic sense, precisely as C"ristian art in 'urope preser&edits primiti&e inspiration $or six "undred years, because Asome new race was always catc"ing t"e inspiration and $eeling and

expressing it wit" primiti&e sensibility and passion(A

1 + -


42/96


THE DANCE OF SIVA

Th( ;$%" $+ T#**a#@! C$'% a )0!#c "anc( 7(%+$%)! ha@! ha, )0 "(a% T#%':aaa), ?II, 1=.

A)$n! h( %(a(! $+ h( na)(! $+ S#:a #! Naa%a6a, ;$%" $+ Danc(%!, $% K#n $+ Ac$%!. Th( c$!)$! #! H#! h(a%(,

h(%( a%( )an0 "#++(%(n !(7! #n H#! %(7(%$%0, H( H#)!(*+ #! ac$% an" a'"#(nc(/

Wh(n h( Ac$% &(a(h h( "%'),

E:(%0&$"0 c$)(h $ !(( h( !h$

Wh(n h( Ac$% c$**(c(h h( !a( 7%$7(%#(!

H( a"(h a*$n( #n H#! ha77#n(!!.

H$ )an0 :a%#$'! "anc(! $+ S#:a a%( )a%

In h( 7#c'%(! $+ h#! "anc(, S#:a #! $>han"(", an" h( c$$7(%a#$n $+ h( $"! #! c*(a%*0 #n"#ca(" #n h(#% 7$!##$n $+

ch$%'!. Th(%( #! n$ 7%$!%a( A!'%a %a)7*(" 'n"(% S#:a@! +((. S$ +a% a! I


43/96


c$n+'( h(), acc$)7an#(" &0 -#!hn' "#!'#!(" a! a &(a'#+'* $)an, an" A#>S(!han. Th( %#!h#! (%( a +#%! *(" $

:#$*(n "#!7'( a)$n! h()!(*:(!, &' h(#% an(% a! !$$n "#%(c(" aa#n! S#:a, an" h(0 (n"(a:$'%(" $ "(!%$0

H#) &0 )(an! $+ #ncana> #$n!. A +#(%c( #(% a! c%(a(" #n !ac%#+#c#a* +#%(!, an" %'!h(" '7$n H#) &' !)#*#n (n*0,

H( !(#(" # an", #h h( na#* $+ H#! *#*( +#n(%, !%#77(" $++ #! !%#n!. Th( ch#(+ 7a% $+ H#! "%(!! c$n!#!! $+ #h*0 +##n &%((ch(!, an" H( (a%! a*!$ a

+*'(%#n !ca%+ an" a !ac%(" h%(a". On( %#h han" h$*"! a "%'), h( $h(% #! '7*#+(" #n h( !#n $+ "$ n$ +(a%/ $n( *(+

han" h$*"! +#%(, h( $h(% 7$#n! "$n '7$n h( "()$n '0a*a

h(a:(n an" *$! #n S#:a@! ha#% / h( c$&%a!/ h( "#++(%(n (a%%#n!, &($ #$n, !'77$%, Sa)ha%a "(!%'c#$n, (:$*'#$n, T#%$&ha:a :(#*#n, ()&$"#)(n, #**'!#$n, an" a*!$, #:#n

%(!, An'%aha %(*(a!(, !a*:a#$n, %ac(. Th(!(, !(7a%a(*0 c$n!#"(%(", a%( h( ac#:##(! $+ h( "(##(! B%ah)a, -#!hn',

R'"%a, ah(!:a%a an" Sa"a!#:a.

Th#! c$!)#c ac#:#0 #! h( c(n%a* )$#+ $+ h( "anc(. F'%h(% '$a#$n! #** #**'!%a( an" (7*a#n h( )$%( "(a#*("

!0)&$*#!)!. Un)a# -#*a


44/96


W( ha:( a*!$ h( +$**$#n +%$) Ch#"a)&a%a '))an# K$:a#/

O )0 ;$%", Th0 han" h$*"#n h( !ac%(" "%') ha! )a"( an" $%"(%(" h( h(a:(n! an" (a%h an" $h(% $%*"! an"

#nn')(%a&*( !$'*!. Th0 *#+(" han" 7%$(c! &$h h( c$n!c#$'! an" 'nc$n!c#$'! $%"(% $+ h0 c%(a#$n. A** h(!( $%*"!

a%( %an!+$%)(" &0 Th0 han" &(a%#n +#%(. Th0 !ac%(" +$$, 7*an(" $n h( %$'n", #:(! an a&$"( $ h( #%(" !$'*

!%'*#n #n h( $#*! $+ ca'!a*#0. I #! Th0 *#+(" +$$ ha %an! ((%na* &*#!! $ h$!( ha a77%$ach Th((. Th(!( F#:(>Ac#$n! a%( #n"((" Th0 Han"#$%+$*" "anc(! a%( ()7$%a* an" #)(*(!!.

H#! +#:(>+$*" "anc(! a%( H#! F#:( Ac#:#(!.

B0 H#! %ac( H( 7(%+$%)! h( +#:( ac!,

Th#! #! h( !ac%(" "anc( $+ U)a>Saha0a.H( "anc(! #h Wa(%, F#%(, W#n" an" Eh(%,

Th'! $'% ;$%" "anc(! (:(% #n h( c$'%.

-#!#&*( $ h$!( h$ 7a!! $:(% a0a an" aha)a0a 6illusion and super!illusion7

O'% ;$%" "anc(! H#! ((%na* "anc(.

Th( +$%) $+ h( Sa h(%( #! G$" / ha E:(%0h(%( #! h( h(a%. Th'! a*!$ ( +#n" an$h(% :(%!( /

Th( "anc#n +$$, h( !$'n" $+ h( #n


45/96


h(%( S%# Naa%a6a "anc(!, an" h(nc( H( #! na)(" S'"a*a#0a"#, Danc(% $+ h( &'%n#n> %$'n". In h#! !#)#*(, (

%(c$n#( h( h#!$%#ca* c$nn(c#$n &(((n S#:a@! %ac#$'! "anc( a! Naa%a6a, an" H#! #*" "anc( a! h( "()$n $+ h(

c()((%0.

Th#! #! h( (ach#n/ D(!%$0, "(!%$0, "(!%$0. D(!%$0 #h#n 0$'%!(*+, "(!%$0 a** a%$'n" 0$'. ac$n'(%#n aha *(!! !$'*!, $'% ;$%", #h ac#$n! +#:(, "anc(! H#! "anc(.

B$h )a0$ c%(a#n a**,

S'%%(n"(%! h#)!(*+ $ h( &*#!! anan"a $+ *$:( . . .A)#" h( +*$(%! $+ H#! c%(a#$n 7%aa!7#%a#$n!

In c$n!c#$'!n(!! a*$n(, #n *$:( a*$n(,

Th( S7#%# *(a%n! h( na'%( !:a&ha:a $+ H#! "#:#n( &(#n. . . .

@ O, )0 $%*", )0 *#+(, )0 &*$!!$)#n, )0 (c!a!0

Y$'% (:(%0 )$)(n I c%(a(

B0 n(a#$n $+ a** +$%)! 7%(:#$'!*0 *#:(" h%$'h /

2 + -


46/96


I a) ((%na* n(a#$n n(#, n(#. . . .@

En6$0#n h#! "anc(, ch$na'%(>&$%n !:a&h":a>6ah, !7$nan($'!, an" 7'%7$!(*(!! +$% H#! &(#n #! &(0$n" h( %(a*) $+ 7'%7$!(!.

In a )'ch )$%( a%%a%0 a0 h( "anc( $+ S#:a #! #"(n#+#(" #h h( Panca:a>

0a>na>)a, @Ha#* $ S#:a@. In Un)a# -#*a A%#">Pa0 an h$(:(% Ch. #. 3 (7*a#n! h( #%':a!# )$%( na'%a**0 a! %(7%(!(n#n h( "anc( $+ Na'%(,

c$n%a!(" #h S#:a@! "anc( $+ #!"$).

Th( "anc( $+ na'%( 7%$c(("! $n $n( !#"(/ h( "anc( $+ (n*#h(n)(n $n h( $h(%. F# 0$'% )#n" #n h( c(n%( $+ h(

*a(%.

I a) #n"(&(" $ %. Na**a!:a)# P#**a# +$% a c$))(na%0 $n h#!/

Th( +#%! "anc( #! h( ac#$n $+ )a(% )a(%#a* an" #n"#:#"'a* (n(%0. Th#! #! h( a%ch, #%':a!#, O)

Th( (n(%a* %(!'* $+ h#! #n(%7%(a#$n $+ h( a%ch #!, h(n, ha # %(7%(!(n! )a(%, na'%(, P%a:a an" na>)a.

N$ $ !'))a%#( h( h$*( #n(%7%(a#$n ( +#n" ha Th( E!!(n#a* S#n#+#canc( $+ S#:a@! Danc( #! h%((+$*"/ F#%!, #

#! h( #)a( $+ h#! Rh0h)#c P*a0 a! h( S$'%c( $+ a** $:()(n #h#n h( C$!)$!, h#ch #! R(7%(!(n(" &0 h( A%ch/

S(c$n"*0, h( P'%7$!( $+ h#! Danc( #! $ R(*(a!( h( C$'n*(!! !$'*! $+ )(n +%$) h( Sna%( $+ I**'!#$n/ Th#%"*0 h(

P*ac( $+ h( Danc(, Ch#"a)&a%a), h( C(n%( $+ h( Un#:(%!(, #! #h#n h( H(a%.

15 5rom t"e translation by 8ydia 8(


47/96


S$ +a% I ha:( %(+%a#n(" +%$) a** a(!h(#c c%##c#!) an" ha:( (n"(a:$'%(" $n*0 $ %an!*a( h( c(n%a* h$'h $+ h( c$n>

c(7#$n $+ S#:a@! "anc( +%$) 7*a!#c $ :(%&a* (7%(!!#$n, #h> $' %(+(%(nc( $ h( &(a'0 $% #)7(%+(c#$n $+ #n"#:#"'a*

$%

a! h#!, a++$%"#n an #)a( $+ %(a*#0, a #h c$)7a%)(n!. N$% "$ ( a*a0!

%(a*#(, h(n ( c%##c#!( h( )(%#! $+ #n"#:#"'a* $%

In h( n#h $+ B%ah)a, Na'%( #! #n(%, an" cann$ "anc( #** S#:a #**! #/ H( %#!(! +%$) H#! %a7'%(, an" "anc#n !(n"!

h%$'h #n(% )a(% 7'*!#n a:(! $+ aa


48/96


BY

ANANDA COOMARASWAMY

[Essays nos. 7 - 8]


2 EAST 31ST STREET

NEW YORK

1918

COPYRIGHT. 1918




49/96

Coomaraswami, nanda ! T"e #ance o$ %i&a ! 'ssays nos( ) ! *

THE DANCE OF SIVA

CONTENTS


H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ H#!$%#ca* ........... 18

H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ Th($%0 $+ B(a'0 ........ 3

Tha B(a'0 #! a Sa( ............. 38

B'""h#! P%#)##(! .............. 4

Th( Danc( $+ S#a ............... 54

Indan I!a"#s W$% Many A&!s .......... '7

Indan M(s) ................. 7*

Sa'! $+ In"#an W$)(n ............ 82

Saha6a .................. 13

In(**(c'a* F%a(%n#0 ............. 112

C$!)$7$*#an -#( $+ N#(!ch( .......... 115

Y$'n In"#a ................. 122

In"##"'a*#0, A'$n$)0 an" F'nc#$n ........ 13:

2 +


50/96


;IST OF P;ATES BETWEEN PAGES

F%$n#!7#(c( C$!)#c Danc( $+ Naa%a6a, 12h C(n'%0.

I. F#'%( a. Aa*$1

-. F#'%( a. T()7*( a Ba"a)#, 8h C(n'%0.

F#'%( &. =$n3

-I. F#'%( a S(a(" B'""ha, Gan"ha%a. 1! c(n'%0, A.D.

F#'%( &. D%0a", Sanch*, 2n" c(n'%0, B.C.F#'%( c. ;a0 W$%!h#77(%! a a B'""ha Sh%#n(, 2n" C(n'%0 4>:

-II. B'""ha #n Sa)a"h# 8>9

-III. San"#n B$"h#!aa, 2n" C(n'%0, A. D. . . . 5>51

I?. San"#n B'""ha, C(0*$n, 2n" C(n'%0, A. D. . . 52>53

?. San"#n B'""ha, 2n" c(n'%0, A.D 52>53

?I. San"#n I)a(! $+ B'""ha, 2n" C(n'%0, A. D. . . 5>55

?II. B%ah)a, E*(7hana, 8h C(n'%0 44>4:

?III. D'%a a! Chan"* !*a0#n =ah#!a, **h C(n'%0 . . 48>49

?I-. D(ah $+ H#%an0a81

??. A H#n"' *a"0 a h(% $#*(, 18h C(n'%0 .... 8>85

??I. Chan" B*&*, ca**(" Chan" S'*an, 18h C(n'%0 . . 84>8:

??II. H#n"' =a%%#a(, a&$' 14 A. D. . 88>89

??III. Ra"ha #n h(%


51/96


INDIAN IMA+ES WITH MANY ARMS

P;ATE ?II

B%ah)a. B%ah)an#ca* !$n( !c'*7'%(, E*(7hana, 8h C(n'%0.

C(%a#n %#(%!, !7(aa%)(" #)a(! $+ In"#an a%, ha( %(a(" h#! 7(c'*#a%#0 a! an 'n7a%"$na&*(

"(+(c. A+(% 3 A.D., !a0! =%. -#nc(n S)#h, In"#an !c'*7'%( 7%$7(%*0 !$>ca**(" ha%"*0 "(!(%(! $ &( %(c

In %(7*0 $ c%##c#!)! $+ h#! !'++(% ('a* c$n"()na#$n.

;( )( "#%(!! a h#! 7$#n $ c*a!! h( c%##c! / +$% I +(a% ha I $'h $ a7$*$#!( +$% 7'#n +$%a%" #n h#! cha7(%

ha #! $$'!. Th( "#++#c'*0 #! $n( ha ha! &((n %a#!(" (c*'!#(*0 &0 7h#*$*$#!! an" h#!$%#an! / #n a c$n!#"(%a&*(

(7(%#(nc( I ha( n((% h(a%" h(!( $&6(c#$n! %a#!(" &0 a%#!! $% &0 c$nn$#!!('%!. Th(!( n$(! a%( "("#ca(", h(n,

$n*0 $ h( 7h#*$*$#! an" h( h#!$%#an, an" )a0 &( n(*(c(" &0 a** $h(%!.

Th( c$n"()na#$n! '$(" a%( c(%a#n*0 $ &( 6'!#+#(" #+ ( a%( $ a%(( $ +#n" h( +#na* a#) $+ a% #n %(7%(!(na#$n/

h(n *( '! !((< h( )$! a%ac#( )$"(*! an" ca%(+'**0 c$70 h().

B' h#! (! $+ (%#!#)#*#'"( ha! n((% &((n an0h#n )$%( han h( %(!'* $+ a 7$7'*a% )#!'n"(%!an"#n. ;( '!

!'&)# h( In"#an, G%((< $% E07#an +#'%(! $ %(c$n#(" !an"a%"!, an" $ c%##c#!) a *#*( )$%( 7(n(%a#n han #!

#n$*(" #n )(%(*0 c$'n#n h(a"! $% a%)!.

;($na%"$ !a0! ha ha +#'%( #! )$! $%h0 $+ 7%a#!( h#ch &0 #! ac#$n &(! (7%(!!(! h( 7a!!#$n ha an#)a(! #.

H!#(h H$ "()an"! ha h( $%< $+ a% !h$'*" (h# h( +'!#$n $+ h( %h0h) $+ h( !7#%# #h h( )$()(n $+ *##n

h#n!.

=%. H$*)(! !'(!! ha a $%< $+ a% )'! 7$!!(!! #n !$)( "(%(( h( +$'% 'a*##(! $+ Un#0, -#a*#0, In+#n#0 an"

R(7$!(.

In $h(% $%"!, a $%< $+ a% #! %(a #n !$ +a% a! # (7%(!!(! #! $n h()( #n a +$%) a $nc( %h0h)#c an" #)7a!!#$n("/

h%$'h a "(+#n#( 7a(%n # )'! (7%(!! a )$#+ "((7*0 +(*.

F%$) h#! 7$#n $+ #( # $'*" !(() ha ( )'! a

+


52/96


Th( a%#! "$(! n$ ch$$!( h#! $n 7%$&*()!/ h( +#n"! #n h( can$n #n!%'c#$n $ )a

$h(%! ha h(0 a%( n$/ &' $ %(c$n#( h$!( an" h(!( %('#%(! a %ah(% )$%( !'&*( a77%$ach han ha #n$*(" #n h(

a%#h)(#ca* 7%$c(!! $+ c$'n#n a%)! $% h(a"!.

C(%a#n "((*$7)(n! #n h( )$! )$"(%n a% c$'*" &( '$(" #n c$)7a%#!$n #h h( In"#an c$)7*( +#'%(!, an",

#n"((", h( )(h$" $+ h(!( #! )$%( han )$"(%n. S$)( 7a#n(%! $+ h( 7%(!(n "a0 ha( !$'h &0 )an0 !%an(

"(#c(! $ c%(a( a !0nh(#c an" !0)7h$n#c a% %(7%(!(n#n a c$n#n'#0 $+ h$'h $% ac#$n, an" an #n(%7%(a#$n $+

#"(a! &(*$n#n $ )$%( han a !#n*( 7ha!( $+ 7(%!$na*#0 an a% $+ #n(%7%(a#$n. An" #+, a! ( n$ %(a*#!(, ((n h(

h')an 7(%!$na*#0 #! c$)7$'n", ( !h$'*" 'n"(%!an" ha h#! )'! &( ((n )$%( %'( $+ a c$!)#c "##n#0, h$ #!,

#n"((", a&*( &0 a "##!#$n $+ '7a"h#!, $ +'nc#$n #n )an0 7*ac(! a $n( #)(. T$ %(+*(c !'ch c$nc(7#$n! #n a% "()an"!a !0nh(#c %ah(% han a %(7%(!(na#( *an'a(. I )#h (** &( c*a#)(", h(n, ha h#! )(h$" a"$7(" !$)(> #)(!

#n In"#a, !$)(#)(! #n E07, !$)(#)(! #n G%((c(, an" !#** ()7*$0(", ha! 7%$(" !'cc(!!+'* +%$) h( 7%ac#ca* 7$#n

$+ #(, $+ 7'%( (7%(!!#$n, h( (#n !a#" ha ha" $ &( !a#"/ an" h#! #! a+(% a** h( !'%( an" !a+( +$'n"a#$n $+ a%.

Th(!( +$%)! %()a#n 7$(n#a**0 ('a**0 !a#!+ac$%0, $$, h(h(% a! 7h#*$!$7h(%! ( %(a%" h() a! 7'%(*0 a&!%ac

(7%(!!#$n!, $% #h h( a%#!! h()!(*(! %(a%" h() a! %(a*#!#c 7%(!(na#$n! $+ an$h(% $%"(% $+ *#+( han $'% $n,

"(%##n +%$) a "(a>*$


53/96


han h( #"(a>$%*" $+ h( !a"hana! an" "h0"na )an%a)!. A** $%*"! a%( #"(a>$%*"! $+ $n(


54/96


INDIAN M,SIC

='!#c ha! &((n a c'*#a(" a% #n In"#a +$% a *(a! h%(( h$'!an" 0(a%!. Th( chan #! an (!!(n#a* (*()(n $+ -("#c

%#'a* an" h( %(+(%(nc(! #n *a(% -("#c *#(%a'%(, h( !c%#7'%(! $+ B'""h#!), an" h( B%ah)an#ca* (7#c! !h$ ha #

a! a*%(a"0 h#h*0 "((*$7(" a! a !(c'*a% a% #n c(n'%#(! 7%(c("#n h( &(#n> n#n $+ h( Ch%#!#an (%a. I! (n#h )a0

7(%ha7! &( a!!#n(" $ h( I)7(%#a* a( $+ h( G'7a! +%$) h( +$'%h $ h( !#h c(n'%0 A. D. Th#! a! h( c*a!!#c7(%#$" $+ San! )'!#c $+ an a%#!$c%a#c !$c#(0, h(%( h( 7a%$n

%(a#n! )'!#c#an! +$% h#! $n (n(%a#n)(n an" +$% h( 7*(a!'%( $+ h( c#%c*( $+ h#! +%#(n"!/ $% # #! ()7*( )'!#c, h(%(h( )'!#c#an #! h( !(%an $+ G$". Th( 7'&*#c c$nc(% #! 'n)'!#c $+ an a%#!$c%a#c !$c#(0.@ ;a( ='ha* 7a#n#n, 18h c(n'%0.

I ha( #n"((" h(a%" h( !%an( $&6(c#$n %a#!(" ha $ !#n h( )'!#c $+ In"#a $n( )'! &( an a%#! an" h#! $&6(c#$n

!(()! $ $#c( a 07#ca**0 "()$c%a#c "#!a77%$a* $+ !'7(%#$%#0. B' # $'*" &( n(a%*0 a! %'( $ !a0 ha h( *#!(n(%

)'! %(!7$n" #h an a% $+ h#! $n, an" h#! $'*" &( (n#%(*0 #n acc$%" #h In"#an h($%#(! $+ a(!h(#c. Th( )'!#c#an

#n In"#a +#n"! a )$"(* a'"#(nc( (chn#ca**0 c%##ca*, &' !$)(ha #n"#++(%(n $ $#c( 7%$"'c#$n. Th( In"#an a'"#(nc(

*#!(n! %ah(% $ h( !$n han $ h( !#n#n $+ h( !$n/ h$!( h$ a%( )'!#ca*, 7(%+(c h( %(n"(%#n $+ h( !$n &0 h(

+$%c( $+ h(#% $n #)a#na#$n an" ()$#$n. Un"(% h(!( c$n"##$n! h( ac'a* )'!#c #! &((% h(a%" han h(%( h(

!(n!'$'! 7(%+(c#$n $+ h( $#c( #! )a"( a !#n( 'a n$n/ 7%(c#!(*0 a! h( &(! !c'*7'%( #! 7%#)##( %ah(% han !'a(,

an" ( 7%(+(% c$n#c#$n $ 7%(#n(!! I #! *#

a%#!, &' a*!$ a ##" )()$%0 an" an (a% !(n!##( $ )#c%$$na* #n+*(c#$n!.

Th( h($%0 $+ !ca*( #! ((%0h(%( a (n(%a*#!a#$n +%$) h( +ac! $+ !$n. Th( E'%$7(an a% !ca*( ha! &((n %("'c(" $

(*( +#(" n$(! &0 )(%#n n(a%*0 #"(n#ca* #n(%a*! !'ch a! D !ha%7 an" E +*a, an" # #! a*!$ ()7(%(" $ +ac#*#a(

)$"'*a#$n an" +%(( chan( $+


55/96


h( h#n +#(" #! a %$'7 $+ #n(%a*!, an" h( 7%(c#!( #&%a#$n a*'( $+ a n$( "(7(n"! $n #! 7$!##$n #n a 7%$%(!!#$n,

n$ $n #! %(*a#$n $ a $n#c.

Th( !ca*( $+ (n0>$ n$(! #! !#)7*0 h( !') $+ a** h( n$(! '!(" #n a** h( !$n! n$ )'!#c#an !#n! a ch%$)a#c

!ca*( +%$) C $ C #h (n0>$ !$77#n 7*ac(!, +$% h#! $'*" &( a )(%( $'% "( +$%c(. Th( @'a%(%>$n(@ $% !%'# #!

h( )#c%$$na* #n(%a* &(((n $ !'cc(!!#( !ca*( n$(!/ &' a! h( h()( %a%(*0 ()7*$0! $ an" n((% h%(( !ca*(n$(! #n !'cc(!!#$n, h( )#c%$$na* #n(%a* #! n$ (n(%a**0 c$n!7#c'$'! (c(7 #n $%na)(n. E(%0 In"#an !$n #! !a#"

$ &( #n a 7a%#c'*a% %aa $% %a#n, %a#n# &(#n h( +()#n#n( $+ %aa, an" #n"#ca#n an a&%#"()(n $% )$"#+#ca#$n $+

h( )a#n h()(.

Th( %aa, *#a> $#c(>*#a>

h'n"(%>c*$'"@ @;#h(>$">In"%a@ an" @D(*#h#n> h( h(a%.@ A)$n! h( %aa na)(! #n )$"(%n '!( )a0 &( c#("

@S7%#n,@ E(n#n &(a'0@ @H$n(0>+*$(%,@ @Th( !#n@ @In$#ca#$n.@

P!0ch$*$#ca**0 h( $%" %aa, )(an#n c$*$'%#n $% 7a!!#$n, !'(!! $ In"#an (a%! h( #"(a $+ )$$" ha #! $ !a0ha 7%(c#!(*0 a! #n anc#(n G%((c(, h( )'!#ca* )$"( ha! "(+#n#( (h$!. I #! n$ h( 7'%7$!( $+ h( !$n $ %(7(a h(

c$n+'!#$n $+ *#+(, &' $ (7%(!! an" a%$'!( 7a%#c'*a% 7a!!#$n! $+ &$"0 an" !$'* #n )an an" na'%(. Each %aa #!

a!!$c#a(" #h an h$'% $+ h( "a0 $% n#h h(n # )a0 &( a77%$7%#a(*0 !'n, an" !$)( a%( a!!$c#a(" #h 7a%#c'*a%

!(a!$n! $% ha( "(+#n#( )a#c (++(c!. Th'! h(%( #! !#** &(*#((" h( (**>#!( -#!hn', $ c'%& h#! 7%#"(, %((a*(" $ h#) #n h(

$%*" $+ h( $"!, a !7ac#$'! &'#*"#n h(%( h(%( *a0 )(n an" $)(n ((7#n $(% h(#% &%$$(%@! (a% a! 7'%( )(*$"0 # #! h( 7%$#nc( $n*0 $+ h( 7(a!an an" h( !7(c#a*#!. Th#! #! 7a%*0 &(ca'!( h(

+$*a#% 7*a0(" $n h( 7#an$ $% %#(n #n !a++ n$a#$n #! ac'a**0 +a*!#+#(" &' )'ch )$%( &(ca'!( 'n"(% h(

c$n"##$n! $+ E'%$7(an a%, )(*$"0 n$ *$n(% (#!! #n #! $n %#h, an" )'!#c #! a c$)7%$)#!( &(((n )(*$"#c

+%(("$) an" ha%)$n#c n(c(!!#0. T$ h(a% h( )'!#c $+ In"#a a! In"#an! h(a% # $n( )'! %(c$(% h( !(n!( $+ a 7'%(

#n$na#$n an" )'! +$%( a** #)7*#(" ha%)$n#(!. I #! 6'! *#


56/96


a+(% &(#n acc'!$)(" $ )$"(%n a%, ( a()7 $ %(a" h( *an'a( $+ (a%*0 Ia*#an $% Ch#n(!( 7a#n#n, h(%( h(%(

#! (7%(!!(" #h ('a* (c$n$)0 $+ )(an! a** ha #n(n!#0 $+ (7(%#(nc( h#ch n$a"a0! ( a%( acc'!$)(" $

'n"(%!an" $n*0 h%$'h a )$%( #n$*(" (chn#'(.

An$h(% +(a'%( $+ In"#an !$n an" !$ a*!$ $+ h( #n!%')(na* !$*$ #! h( (*a&$%a( %ac(. I #! na'%a* ha #n E'%$7(,

h(%( )an0 n$(! a%( h(a%" !#)'*an($'!*0, %ac( !h$'*" a77(a% a! an 'nn(c(!!a%0 (*a&$%a#$n, a""(" $ h( n$(,%ah(% han a !%'c'%a* +ac$%. B' #n In"#a h( n$( an" h( )#c%$$na* %ac( c$)7$!( a c*$!(% 'n#0, +$% h( %ac( +'*+#*!

6'! ha +'nc#$n $+ a""#n *#h an" !ha"( h#ch #n ha%)$n#!(" )'!#c #! aa#n(" &0 h( a%0#n "(%((! $+ a!!$nanc(.

Th( In"#an !$n #h$' %ac( $'*" !(() $ In"#an (a%! a! &a*" a! h( E'%$7(an a% !$n #h$' h( acc$)7an#)(n

h#ch # 7%(!'77$!(!.

E'a**0 "#!#nc#( #! h( c$n!an 7$%a)(n$, $% %ah(%, *#!!an"$. In In"#a # #! +a% )$%( h( #n(%a* han h( n$( ha

#! !'n $% 7*a0(", an" ( %(c$n#( acc$%"#n*0 a c$n#n'#0 $+ !$'n" / &0 c$n%a! #h h#!, h( E'%$7(an !$n, h#ch

#! (%#ca**0 "##"(" &0 h( ha%)$n#c #n(%(! an" h( na'%( $+ h(

"#++#c'*#(! $+ (chn#'( ha can &( #)a#n(", an" # #! !a#" ha a *(a! (*( 0(a%! a%( %('#%(" $ aa#n 7%$+#c#(nc0.

Th( In"#an !#n(% #! a 7$(, an" h( 7$( a !#n(%. Th( "$)#nan !'&6(c )a(% $+ h( !$n! #! h')an $% "##n( *$( #n

a** #! a!7(c!, $% h( "#%(c 7%a#!( $+ G$", an" h( $%"! a%( a*a0! !#nc(%( an" 7a!!#$na(. Th( )$%( (!!(n#a**0 h(

!#n(% #! a )'!#c#an, h$((%, h( )$%( h( $%"! a%( %(a%"(" )(%(*0 a! h( (h#c*( $+ h( )'!#c/ #n a%>!$n h( $%"!

a%( a*a0! &%#(+, $#c#n a )$$" %ah(% han (**#n an0 !$%0, an" h(0 a%( '!(" $ !'77$% h( )'!#c #h *#*( %(a%" $

h(#% $n *$#c 7%(c#!(*0 a! h( %(7%(!(na#( (*()(n #n a )$"(%n 7a#n#n )(%(*0 !(%(! a! h( &a!#! +$% an

$%an#!a#$n $+ 7'%( +$%) $% c$'*$'%. In h( )'!#ca* +$%) ca**(" a*a7 an #)7%$#!a#$n $n h( %aa h()(, h#!

7%(7$n"(%anc( $+ h( )'!#c #! ca%%#(" !$ +a% ha $n*0 )(an#n*(!! !0**a&*(! a%( '!(". Th( $#c( #!(*+ #! a )'!#ca*

#n!%')(n, an" h( !$n #! )$%( han h( $%"! $+ h( !$n. Th#! +$%) #! (!7(c#a**0 +a$'%(" &0 h( In"#an #%'$!$,

9 +


57/96


h$ na'%a**0 +((*! a c(%a#n c$n()7 +$% h$!( h$!( +#%! #n(%(! #n h( !$n #! c$nn(c(" #h h( $%"!. Th( $#c(

ha! h'! a h#h(% !a'! han #n E'%$7(, +$% h( )'!#c (#!! #n #! $n %#h an" n$ )(%(*0 $ #**'!%a( h( $%"!.

Ran"%anah Ta$%( ha! %#(n $n h#! /

Wh(n I a! (%0 0$'n I h(a%" h( !$n, @Wh$ "%(!!(" 0$' *#)a"ha* Ra#) a )'!#ca* )$"(. @Th( !((, !(( %')&*#n $+ h'n"(% #! h(a%". @ Ra67' 7a#n#n, 14h

c(n'%0. ='!(') $+ F#n( A%!, B$!$n.

I !a ha ha +$*!$n, $$, !a#" h( (%0 !a)( h#n S$)(#)(! h( 'n

%(7$% h( c$)#n an" $#n $+ ha 'nh')an. B' h(n h( In"#an 7%$7h(

!7(a

O% ( )a0 !a0 ha h#! #! an #)#a#$n $+ h( )'!#c #n h(a(n. Th( )a!(% )'!#c#an! $+ In"#a a%( a*a0! %(7%(!(n(" a!

h( 7'7#*! $+ a $", $% a! #!##n h( h(a(n$%*" $ *(a%n h(%( h( )'!#c $+ h( !7h(%(! ha #! $ !a0, h(#%


58/96


F$% # #! h( #nn(% %(a*#0 $+ h#n!, %ah(% han an0 %an!#(n $% 7a%#a* (7(%#(nc( ha h( !#n(% $#c(!. Th$!( h$ !#n

h(%(, !a0! San

F$% &(a'0 h(0 ha( !$'h #n ((%0 a(

H( h$ 7(%c(#(! # #! +%$) h#)!(*+ !( +%((

W( a%( a!!'%(" &0 h( (7(%#(nc( $+ a(!h(#c c$n()7*a#$n ha Pa%a"#!( #! a %(a*#0.

In $h(% $%"! h( )a#ca* (++(c! $+ a !$n #n $%


59/96


BY

ANANDA COOMARASWAMY

[Essay no. 9]


2 EAST 31ST STREET

NEW YORK

1918

COPYRIGHT. 1918




60/96


THE DANCE OF SIVA

CONTENTS


H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ H#!$%#ca* ........... 18

H#n"' -#( $+ A%/ Th($%0 $+ B(a'0 ........ 3

Tha B(a'0 #! a Sa( ............. 38

B'""h#! P%#)##(! .............. 4

Th( Danc( $+ S#a ............... 54

In"#an I)a6(! W#h 7an0 A%)! .......... 4

In"#an 7'!#c ................. 2

Status of In!an Wo"#n ............ 8$

Sahaa .................. 13

In(**(c'a* F%a(%n#0 ............. 112

C$!)$:$*#an -#( $+ N#(;!ch( .......... 115

Y$'n6 In"#a ................. 122

In"##"'a*#0, A'$n$)0 an" F'nc#$n ........ 13

2 ) *+


61/96


1

-. F#6'%( a. T():*( a Ba"a)#, 8h C(n'%0.

F#6'%( &. 7$n=(0 +a)#*0. 7a)a**a:'%a), 8h C(n'%0 2>3



-II. B'""ha #n Sa)a"h# 8>9



?. San"#n6 B'""ha, 2n" c(n'%0, A.D 52>53


?II. B%ah)a, E*(:hana, 8h C(n'%0 44>4


?I-. D(ah $+ H#%an0a=a!#:'. E*'%a, 8h C(n'%0 . . . >1

?-. @Cha)&(%>)'!#c $+ an a%#!$c%a#c !$c#(0,@ 18h C(n'%0 2>3

?-I. Raan D(# >5

?-II. T$"# Ra6#) a )'!#ca* )$"(, 14h C(n'%0 . . . 4>


?I?. T$"# Ra6#) a )'!#ca* )$"(, 18h C(n'%0 . . . 8>81

??. A H#n"' *a"0 a h(% $#*(, 18h C(n'%0 .... 8>85


??II. H#n"' 7a%%#a6(, a&$' 14 A. D. . 88>89


??I-. Wh(%( (ach #! &$h, 8h C(n'%0 1>15

??-. A Sch$$* $+ Ph#*$!$:h0, 18h C(n'%0 13>131

??-I. F#6'%( a. On( $+ h( 6a(! $+ a#:'%.F#6'%( &.


62/96


STAT%S OF INDIAN WOMEN

In h( 7aha&ha%aa h(%( #! %(:$%(" a c$n(%!a#$n &(((n S#a an" U)a. Th( G%(a G$" a!=! h(% $ "(!c%#&( h(

"'#(! $+ $)(n, a""%(!!#n6 h(%, #n !$ "$#n6, #n (%)! h#ch ac=n$*("6( h(% :(%+(c aa#n)(n $+ h( h#6h(! #!"$)

:$!!#&*( $ )an $% 6$" (%)! h#ch # $'*" &( ha%" $ :a%a**(* an0h(%( #n (!(%n *#(%a'%(. H( !a0!/

Th$' ha "$! =n$ h( S(*+ an" h( n$>S(*+, (:(% #n ((%0 $%=/ (n"$(" #h !(*+>%(!%a#n an" :(%+(c !a)(>

!#6h("n(!! $a%"! ((%0 c%(a'%( / +%(( +%$) h( !(n!( $+ I an" )0 h0 :$(% an" (n(%60 a%( ('a* $ )0 $n, an"

h$' ha! :%ac#!(" h( )$! !((%( "#!c#:*#n(. O Da'6h(% $+ H#)a*a0a, $+ +a#%(! (0(&%$!, an" h$!( ha#% (n"! #n h(

+a#%(! c'%*!, (:$'n" $ )( h( "'#(! $+ $)(n #n +'**.

Th(n Sh(, h$ #! '((n $+ h(a(n, an" 0( !$ !((*0 h')an, an!(%! /

Th( "'#(! $+ $)an a%( c%(a(" #n h( %#(! $+ (""#n6, h(n #n :%(!(nc( $+ h( n':#a* +#%( !h( &(c$)(! h( a!!$c#a(

$+ h(% ': !$n! $ h$) h(#% $%" #! *a. Ac> c$%"#n6 $ )0 $&!(%a#$n, # #! $n*0 h$!( !$n! h$ ha( %(c(#(" an

@En6*#!h@ ("'ca#$n #n In"#a h$ n$ *$n6(% h$n$'% h(#% +ah(%! an" )$h(%!.

N$ !$%0 #! )$%( a::%$:%#a( han ha $+ 7a"a*a!a an" h(% !$n -#=%ana $ #**'!%a( h( :$!##$n $+ h( In"#an )$h(% a!

(ach(%. A! -#=%ana 6%( ': "a0 &0 "a0, h( 7a%=an"(0a P'%ana %(*a(!, 7a"a*a!a @a'6h h#) =n$*("6( $+ h( S(*+ 1

&0 )#n#!(%#n6 $ h#) #n !#c=n(!! an" a! h( 6%( #n !%(n6h an" h(%( a(" #n h#) h#! +ah(%@! h(a%, h( aa#n(" $

=n$*("6( $+ h( S(*+ &0 h#! )$h(%@! $%"!. An" h(!( (%( 7a"a*a!a@! $%"!, !:$=(n $ h( &a&0 c%0#n6 $n h(% *a:/

70 ch#*", h$' a% #h$' a na)( $% +$%), an" # #! &' #n +ana!0 ha h$' ha! &((n 6#(n a na)(. Th#! h0 &$"0,

+%a)(" $+ h( +#( (*()(n!, #! n$ h#n( #n !$$h, n$% a% h$' $+ #. Wh0 "$! h$' ((: O%, )a0&(, h$' ((:(! n$

1 nowledge o$ t"e %el$ t"e d"yatma&idya re$erred to abo&e, p( -(

. ) *+


63/96


# #! a !$'n" !(*+ >&$%n ha c$)(h +$%h +%$) h( =#n6@! !$n. . . .In h( &$"0 "(**! an$h(% !(*+, an" h(%(#h a"(h

n$ h( h$'6h ha @Th#! #! )#n(@ h#ch a::(%a#n(h $ h( +*(!h. Sha)( ha )an #! !$ "(c(#("

E(n #n %(c(n #)(!, #n +a)#*#(! h(%( h( )(n ha( %(c(#(" an En6*#!h ("'ca#$n 'n%(*a(" $ In"#an *#+( an" h$'6h,

h( #nh(%#anc( $+ In"#an )$"(! $+ h$'6h an" +((*#n6 %(!! #n h( )a#n #h $)(n +$% a "(+#n#( :h#*$!$:h0 $+ *#+( #!

&$'n" ': #h h$'!(h$*" %#'a* an" %a"##$na* (#'(( an" +#n"! (:%(!!#$n ('a**0 #n +$*=>a*( an" c%a"*(>!$n6 an":$:'*a% :$(%0, an" #n h$!( :a'%an#c an" (:#c !$%#(! h#ch c$n!#'( h( h$'!(h$*" B#&*( *#(%a'%( $+ In"#a. Un"(%

h(!( c$n"##$n! # #! $+(n h( ca!( ha In"#an $)(n, #h a** h(#% +a'*! $+ !(n#)(na*#0 an" #6n$%anc(, ha(

%()a#n(" h( 6'a%"#an! $+ a !:#%#'a* c'*'%( h#ch #! $+ 6%(a(% $%h han h( (++#c#(nc0 an" #n+$%)a#$n $+ h(

("'ca(".

I #! acc$%"#n6 $ h( Tan%#= !c%#:'%(!, "($(" $ h( c'* $+ h( 7$h(% $+ h( W$%*", ha $)(n, h$ :a%a=( $+ h(%

na'%( )$%( (!!(n#a**0 han $h(% *##n6 &(#n6!, a%( (!:(c#a**0 h$n$'%(" h(%( h( $)an )a0 &( a !:#%#'a* (ach(%

6'%', an" h( #n#a#$n $+ a !$n &0 a )$h(% #! )$%( +%'#+'* han an0 $h(%. On( "$'&! h$ +a% h#! )a0 &( $+

'n#(%!a* a::*#ca#$n, &(*#(#n6 #h Pa%ac(*!'! ha $)an #! n(a%(% $ h( $%*" han )an, $+ h#ch h( (#"(nc(

a::(a%! #n h(% a*a0! )$%( :(%!$na* :$#n $+ #(. B' a** h#n6! a%( :$!!#&*( $ $)(n !'ch a! 7a"a*a!a.

Th( c*a#) $+ h( B'""h#! n'n @H$ !h$'*" h( $)an@! na'%( h#n"(% '!@ ha! n((% &((n !0!()a#ca**0 "(n#(" #n

In"#a. I $'*" ha( &((n c$n%a%0 $ h( !:#%# $+ In"#an c'*'%( $ "(n0 $ #n"##"'a* $)(n h( $::$%'n#0 $+!a#n!h#: $% *(a%n#n6 #n h( !(n!( $+ c*$!#n6 $ h() h( !ch$$*! $+ "##n#0 $% !c#(nc( a+(% h( +a!h#$n $+ h( W(!(%n

aca"()#(! #n h( n#n(((nh c(n'%0. B' h(%( h( !$c#a* n$%) #! +$'n" #n )a%%#a6( an" :a%(nh$$" +$% )(n an"

$)(n a*#=(, # c$'*" $n*0 ha( &((n #n (c(:#$na* ca!(! an" 'n"(% (c(:#$na* c#%c')!anc(! ha h( *a(%

!:(c#a*#!(", h(h(% #n "##n#0, *#=( A'a#, 7#%a Ba#, $% h( B'""h#! n'n!, #n !c#(nc(, *#=( $$>na%%$ :%#!$n $+ h( @I an" )#n(@.

An$n0)#0 #! h'! #n acc$%"anc( #h h( %'h an" # #! $n( $+ h( :%$'"(! "#!#nc#$n! $+ h( H#n"' c'*'%(. Th(

na)(! $+ h( @a'h$%!@ $+ h( (:#c! a%( &' !ha"$!, an" #n *a(% a6(! # a! a c$n!an :%ac#!( $+ %#(%! $ !'::%(!!

h(#% $n na)(! an" a!c%#&( h(#% $%= $ a )0h#ca* $% +a)$'! :$(, h(%(&0 $ 6a#n a &((% a(n#$n +$% h( %'h ha

h(0 $'*" %ah(% c*a#) $ ha( @h(a%"@ han $ ha( @)a"( S#)#*a%*0, !ca%c(*0 a !#n6*( H#n"' :a#n(% $% !c'*:$% #!

=n$n &0 na)( an" h( (n#%( %an6( $+ San!=%# *#(%a'%( cann$ (h# a !#n6*( a'$$6%a:h0 an" &' *#*( h#!$%0.

Wh0 !h$'*" $)(n ha( !$'6h +$% )$"(! $+ !(*+>a"(%#!()(n ha h(*" n$ *'%( ((n +$% )(n Th( 6$(%n#n6

c$nc(: $+ H#n"' (h#c! #! $ca#$n "ha%)a h( h#6h(! )(%# c$n!#!! #n h( +'*+#*)(n $+ @$n(@! $n "'0,@ #n $h(%

$%"!, #n "("#ca#$n $ $n(@! ca**#n6. In"#an !$c#(0 a! h#6h*0 $%6an#;(" an" h(%( # a! c$n!#"(%(" %$n6 +$% a

)an $ +'*+#* h( "'#(! $+ an$h(% )an %ah(% han h#! $n, h$ )'ch )$%( )'! a c$n+'!#$n $+ +'nc#$n a! &(((n

$)an an" )an ha( !(()(" %$n6, h(%( "#++(%(n#a#$n #! !$ )'ch )$%( (#"(n. In h( $%"! $+ 7an' / @T$ &(

)$h(%! (%( $)(n c%(a(", an" $ &( +ah(%! )(n @ an" h( a""! !#6n#+#can*0 @h(%(+$%( a%( %(*#6#$'! !ac%a)(n!

$%"a#n(" #n h( -("a $ &( $&!(%(" &0 h( h'!&an" $6(h(% #h h( #+(.@

the dance of siva

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