The Dutch and French Colonies in the New World

U.S. History I

Philip II & the Netherlands Revolt

Calvinist uprising in Aug. 1566 ruthlessly put down by Duke of Alva by 156817 provinces unite under Prince William the Silent of Orange in 1576Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma reconquered southern 10 provincesNorthern 7 provinces form Union of Utrecht in 1581

© 2000 Wadsworth / Thomson Learning

King Philip II

Elizabeth I & English Intervention

Elizabeth turned down offer of Dutch crown, but gave money & troopsPhilip plotted with Mary Queen of Scots

Plot discovered & Mary executed in Feb. 1587Pope Sixtus V offered Philip 1 million gold ducats to conquer England & avenge Mary

Spanish Armada defeated in English Channel in 1588

Marks beginning of Spain’s declineMarks beginning of rise of Dutch & English

Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

The Defeat of the Spanish Armadaby Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, 1796

Dutch Exploration & Colonization

Dutch East India Co. hired Henry Hudson in 1609 to find northern passage around AsiaHalf Moon forced to turn back by ice, so sailed across Atlantic insteadDiscovered Delaware Bay, then sailed up river named after him (Sept. 3 – Oct. 4, 1609)Captured by English on return voyage & sailed next year for them, but marooned in Bay

New Netherlands Colony

Dutch merchants began to tap into fur tradeAdriaen Block explored Long Island Sound & Conn. RiverNew Netherland Co. created in 1614 & est. Ft. NassauDutch West India Co. formed in 1621 & took over colonization

Ft. Good HopeFt. OrangeHigh Island

New Amsterdam est. in 1625

New Amsterdam

New Netherland SocietyCharter of Privileges & Exemptions (1629) allowed directors who planted 50 colonists in 4 years to govern large estates (patroonships) autonomously

Only Renesselaerswyk was successfulCouldn’t recreate European social order & manage estates long-distance

1639 - all people to participate in fur trade

doubled population from 1,000 to 2,000

Relations with “Wilden” soured by daily provocations & culture clashes

Kiliaen Van Rensselaer

English ConquestPeter Stuyvesant became governor in 1647

Settled Conn. Boundary & conquered Swedish colony to the southClashed with local elites

King Charles II granted land to his brother James, Duke of York & AlbanyStuyvesant forced to surrender to English in 1664 without a fightNew Netherlands & New Amsterdam became New York, and Ft. Orange became Albany

French Colonization

Jacques Cartier explored America 1536-42, but turmoil in France prevented follow-upSamuel de Champlain founded first permanent French settlement at Quebec in 1608Marquette & Joliet explored Great Lakes & upper Mississippi valley in 1673La Salle sailed down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico in 1679-82

Jacques Cartier

Samuel de Champlain

New France & LouisianaPopulation grew slowly

1663: 3,050; 1700: 15,000Partly because King Louis XIV refused to allow Huguenots to settle there

Dependent on Indian allies, so tended to treat them better than English & Spanish did