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Page 1: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

The Early The Early Stuarts & the Stuarts & the Road to WarRoad to War

Page 2: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

Religion in the Religion in the 1717thth Century Century

• In the 17th Century, most of England was Protestant though a few Roman Catholics remained in the country

• There were two main Protestant groups in England: the Church of England (Anglicans) and the Puritans

Page 3: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

Church of EnglandChurch of England(Anglican) (Anglican)

• Official church in England.• King was its head.• Supported by taxes from the people• Services were very elaborate and

buildings were richly decorated

Page 4: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

Puritans Puritans • Large and powerful group of dissenting

Protestants - Thought the Anglican Church was too much like Catholic

Church.

• Believed churches and church services should be simple and plain

• Wore dark clothes and lived very sober lives.

• Believed that authority came from Bible (not the King)

• .

Page 5: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant
Page 6: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant
Page 7: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant
Page 8: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

Puritans in England Puritans in England • Puritanism spread rapidly throughout

England in the 16th and 17th centuries. • Often faced persecution:

o At times it was illegal for puritans to hold their own services and many were imprisoned or fined for their beliefs.

• Many immigrated to North America in search of religious freedom.

• Others entered parliament as a way to gain political power and promote their beliefs.

Page 9: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant
Page 10: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant
Page 11: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

WitchesWitches

Page 12: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

““Outing” a Witch Outing” a Witch - Torture was often used to

extract confessions. - Types of torture used in England

included bread-and-water diets, tethering of limbs and sleep deprivation

- Condemned witches were ducked in water with their thumbs tied to their toes until they drowned.

- Others were hanged, burned or pressed to death.

Page 13: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

History of Parliament History of Parliament in Englandin England

• Since Anglo-Saxon times, England had a Parliament which was used by the King to “consult” with the people

• In 1215, King John signed the Magna Carta which forced him to grant rights to Parliament

- King must rule lawfully- no new taxes without vote

by Parliament- right to trial by jury of peers

Page 14: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant
Page 15: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

Parliament in EnglandParliament in England• By 1295, Parliament had taken shape:

• House of Lords House of Commons - nobles, bishops - wealthy landowners, & members of Anglican & townspeople Church (Ch.of Eng.) - elected to represent -

appointed people

** BUT…most people did not have the right to vote or sit in Parliament

Page 16: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant
Page 17: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

The House of Lords The House of Lords Today Today

Page 18: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

House of Commons House of Commons Today Today

Page 19: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

England Under the England Under the TudorsTudors

• Accepted the democratic traditions of England.

• Kept Parliament on their side.

• Elizabeth I, the last Tudor, died in 1603

Page 20: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

King James I King James I - James VI of Scotland

succeeded Elizabeth I when she died in 1603.

- Became King James I of England

- Disliked the democratic traditions of England and preferred to rule as an absolute monarch.

- Introduced the Divine Right of Kings into England.

Page 21: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant
Page 22: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

Divine Right of Kings Divine Right of Kings o Theory that monarchs get their power from Theory that monarchs get their power from

GodGod, not the people of the country, not the people of the country

o Ordinary people have no right to question Ordinary people have no right to question the king/queen’s decisionsthe king/queen’s decisions

o Monarchs Monarchs have unlimited powerhave unlimited power• Absolute MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy

Page 23: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

King James IKing James I• Cared little for English politics

• Ignored parliament (very unpopular)

• Fought with Parliament over:o Religion (persecuted Puritans) o Money (tried to raise taxes)o Foreign policy (made peace with Spain)

• Died 1625 – left country in debt

Page 24: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

Charles I Charles I • Became King in 1625 when King

James I dies.

• Also believed in the Divine Right of Kings

• Constantly needed moneyo Extravagant lifestyleo Wars (Spain and France)

• Fought with Parliamento Politics (Arrested prisoners without

trial)o Taxes (Ship Fees, Tunnage and

Poundage)o Religion (wanted all subject to worship

in style of Church of England)

Page 25: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

16281628• Parliament wants king to sign

the Petition of Righto Parliament must approve

taxeso King Must stop Illegal

Activities• Charles refused and sent

Parliament Home• Uses his main advisors Lord

Stafford & Archbishop Laud to bring country under royal control.

Page 26: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

The Long ParliamentThe Long Parliament• 1637 – Charles loses a war• Charles tried to force Scotland to worship in

style of Church of England• Most Scots were Presbyterians

o Scots revolted, Invaded England

• Charles needed money to pay for soldiers to stop the revolto Forced to recall Parliamento Eventually Gave into their demands

• Parliament would sit for 13 years.

Page 27: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

Parliaments DemandsParliaments Demands• Trial of Kings main advisors• Parliament must be called once

every three years• Limit King’s powers – Grand

Remonstrance• Release Prisoners

Page 28: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

Divided Parliament Divided Parliament • Parliament was divided between Radicals (wanted

to take most of the King’s power) and the others who wanted guarantee that the King would follow the law.

• Magna Carta unclear about the amount of power that the King should have.

• “Royal Perogative” allowed him to act outside the law – no agreement about what this meant.

• King sees opportunity to regain control.

Page 29: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

• King marched Army into House of Commons to arrest 5 radical members (illegal)o Not a commonero Violated parliamentary Privilege

• Radicals escapedo Parliament began to raise an army

• King began to raise an army.

The Road to WarThe Road to War

Page 30: The Early Stuarts & the Road to War. Religion in the 17 th Century Religion in the 17 th Century In the 17 th Century, most of England was Protestant

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