the effect multimedia webpage design has on content transfer over a very fast network by jon...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Effect Multimedia Webpage Design Has On Content Transfer Over A Very Fast Network
by
Jon Storslee
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Question: Why Do Smart Students Sometimes Fail When Using Computers & the Web?
No Frame of Reference
Not Comfortable With Technology
Overwhelmed With Too Much Information
Common Replies When asked about the Problem:
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Cognition and Web Media
How Do We Think & Interact with Media?
Which Media is Best Suited for the Web?
What can be done to Improve Cognition?
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Cognitive Theory
Cognitive Loading
Cone of Experience
Dual Coding Theory
Media Generative Theory
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Cognitive Loading (Sweller & Chandler)
Cognitve Loading Is Unique to Each Individual
Steps Can Be Taken to Lower Cognitive Loading of Content
Graphics and “Colorful Wording” Will Reduce the Cognitive Load of Content
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Cone of Experience (Dale)
Real World Is the Best Training Environment
Simulation of Real World Next Best
Need to Recreate the Training Environment
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Dual Coding Theory (Paivio )
Information Is Processed Using Two Channels
Verbal Channel CalledLogogens
Nonverbal Channel (I.E. Pictures) Called Imagens
Better Retention When Both Channels Accessed
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Media Generative Theory (Mayer)
“The Design of Multimedia Instruction Affects the Cognitive Processing” (Mayer, 1997)
Media Can Work in Conjunction With Other Media to Enhance the Cognitive Process (Mayer, 1997)
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Factors that Hinder Cognition (Cognitive Interference)
Inappropriate Use of Media (Constant Running Animation or Large Graphics)
Poor Interface Design (Colors and Layout)
Learning Environment(Noise, Poor Lighting, Etc)
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Hypermedia (Bush & Jonassen)
Theorized a Database With Associative Linking That Models the Brain (Bush, 1946)
Hypermedia Is Capable of Mapping a Knowledge Structure (Jonassen, 1989)
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Problems with Media on the Web
Limited Bandwidth
Rapid Growth of Web
Slow Delivery
Inconsistent Delivery
New Media Tools
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Summary of Theory
“Real World” Experience Is Best
Media Helps Recreate Work Environment
Media That Creates Mental Images Improves Learning
Misuse of Media Can Hinder the Learning Process
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Webpage Media Model
Cognitive Loading Associated With Content
Cognitive Loading to Process Media
Cognitive Interference Generated From Webpage Download Time
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Environment
Type & #Media
Type of Knowledge
Prior Knowledge
Misc.
# ofMedia
DownloadTime
Content
Cognitive Loading Factors
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Text
Media Processing
Download Time
Content Processing
Text Cognitive Loading Model
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Text
Graphics
Media Processing
Download Time
Content Processing
Text & Graphics Loading
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Text
Graphics
Animation
Media Processing
Download Time
Content Processing
Text, Graphics & Animation
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Text
Sound
Animation
Graphics
Media Processing
Download Time
Content Processing
Text, Graphics, Animation & Sound
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Text Text &Graphics
Text ,Graphics &Animation
Text ,Graphics,
Animation &Sound
Content Media Download
Summary Cognitive Loading by Content
Very Fast Network (10 Mbps Dedicated)
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Question: What Is the Best Media for the Web?
Text, Graphics, Animation & Sound?
Text Only?
Text with Graphics?
Text, Graphics & Animation?
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Webpages Tested are located at http://seamonkey.ed.asu.edu/~storslee/net
Text (index.html)
Text with Graphics(gindex.html)
Text, Graphics & Animation (aindex.html)
Text, Graphics, Animation & Sound (sindex.html)
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Mixed Methods Testing
Qualitative
Quantitative
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Qualitative Test Methodology
2 Question on PosttestWhat Did You Like?What Did You Dislike?
Interview With Students
Observation of Students
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Quantitative Test Methodology
4 Sets of Webpages
Same Content but Different Types of Media
Random Assignment of Subjects by Perl Script
Pre- & Post-test Assessment of Content
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The Results
Text, Graphics, Animation and Sound for Very Fast Networks
Text, Graphics and Animation For Fast to Moderate Speed Networks
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Implications of the Study
Adding Media Will Improve the Content Retention of Text-only Webpages
Adding Sound to Animations on Webpages Does Not Help or Hinder Content Retention
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Recommendations for Future Research
Replicate the Study on a Slower Network
Replicate the Study With the Subjects Accessing From Home
Testing Only a Single Medium