THE EFFICACY OF INTRA-PERITONEAL HONEY ADMINISTRATION IN PREVENTING POST-OPERATIVE PERITONEAL ADHESIONS

Shokouhi Sabet Jalali, F. 1; Saifzadeh, S. 1; Javanmardi, S. 2

1: Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia , Iran.

f.shokouhi@mail.urmia.ac.ir 2: Postgraduate student, Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia , Iran.

Abstract:

The accelerative effect of honey in the wound healing process is known. This effect is related to its specific physical properties of hygroscopicity, hypertonicity, lower pH and complex chemical composition .Because peritoneal healing is kind of wound healing process we hypothesized that post-operative peritoneal adhesions may de reduced with intra-peritoneal honey administration.

The study was conducted with 20 healthy, mixed breed dog, with mean weight of 20±4.25 Kg .The dogs were divided into two equal groups .An adhesion model was performed on terminal part of small colon of all dogs in each groups .Later adhesion areas were washed with 0.9% NaCl solution and 10 ml of same solution was left in the peritoneal cavity in the control group. The same area in the dog in the other group was covered with the honey (10ml) and 10 ml of honey was left in the peritoneal cavity of each animals. Twenty one days later the dogs were sacrificed and the adhesions were graded according to their degree of severity. Statistical analysis was performed with the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test.

In Treatment group, there are 7 cases (77.77%) with grade-0 or grade-1 adhesions but in control group there are 3 cases (33.33%) with same grades .In control group, there were 6 cases (66.66%) with grade- 2 or grade-3 adhesions but there are 2 cases (22.22%) with such grades in treatment group .In the comparison, the difference between the groups was found to be significant (P< 0.05).

The wound healing accelerative effect and mechanical barrier formed by the honey, since, it has a high density and thus, absorbs slowly from peritoneal cavity, may be the reasons for its inhibitory effect on the post-operative peritoneal adhesion. This study indicates that though the mechanism is not clear intra-peritoneal honey administration reduces peritoneal adhesions.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF OVARY GRAFT TO GASTRIC SUBSEROSA FOLLOWING OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY (O.H.E) IN BITCH

Najafpour, A.1; Hayatghebi, H.3; Rastegarnia, A.2; Ansari, M. H.4; Mohammad pouri, .M.5

1: Department of Clinical Science, Veterinary Faculty of urmia Islamic Azad University , Urmia , Iran.

a.najafpour@iaurmia.ac.ir 2: Faculty of Islamic Azad Department of Clinical Science, Urmia, Iran. 3: Department of Basic sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 4: Department of pathobiology, Veterinary faculty, Urmia Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.

5: University veterinaty Medical science faculty, Graduated of the Urmia Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract: Ovariohysterectomy is one of the most common surgeries in small animals to make elective

infertility and treatment of some disease of female reproductive system. Following the surgery different problems may occur in short term and long term of O.H.E, Such as,

urinary incontinence, weight gain and euocoid syndrom. To reduce mentioned problems and sex hormon balance, graft of ovary in to gastyic subserosa have been studied in this study in three groups, group one: O.H.E opperated , group two: O.H.E opperated and one of ovaries left in its anatomical site, group three: O.H.E opperated and immediately one of ovaries grafted into gastric submucosa.

During two months clinical evaluation and sex hormones tests done. Results: grafted ovary has hormonal function however some parts of produced hormon metabolized

in the liver, but the remaining levels can prevent O.H.E complications

GALBANUM RESIN WATER SOLUBLE EXTRACT EXAGGERATES WOUND HEALING

Derakhshanfar, A.; Oloumi, M. M.

Department of pathobiology and clinical studies, Faculty of veterinary surgery, Shahid Bahonar Univ. , Kerman,

Iran. M_oloumi@mail.uk.ac.ir Abstract:

Introduction: In ancient Iranian medical texts many herbal preparations are suggested for wound healing. In this study, galbanum resin (Ferula galbaniflua) is evaluated histopathologically.

Materials and Methods: The resins of the plant were collected and water soluble extract of the resin was made. The study was carried out on 15 male Spragne-Dawly rats. After surgical preparation and general anesthesia, a circular wound was created on either side of each rat by a 7 mm skin punch (total of 30 uniform skin wounds). The wounds were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10 wounds. The wounds of group one and two were daily rinsed with normal saline whereas the wounds of group 3 were left untreated. In group one (treatment group), following daily rinsing with normal saline, the extract was applied on the wound. The animals were euthanised on day 7 and the wounds were resected for histopathologic study (H & E staining).

Results: Complete re-epithelialization of the wound with severe granulation tissue and scab formation was evident in all (100%) wounds of group one. In group 2 only 4 (40%) wounds showed complete re-epithelialization and a massive granulation tissue could be seen. In group 3, no re-epithelializaton, could be seen.

Discussion: This study was the first in which the wound healing potential of galbanum resin has been evaluated. So actually we have no idea how and why this extract plays its role in wound healing. Some analytical studies should be performed to elucidate which gradient is more effective. The only conclusion we can make is that some of the ancient remedies are valuable provided that they are evaluated scientifically.

INTRASPLENIC AUTOTRASPLANTATION OF HEPATOCYTES IN DOGS

Bigham, A.; Dehghani, S.; Hassankhani, M.; Shafiei, Z.

Department of Veterinary Surgery, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Abstract:

The liver has a unique location in the body for performing the multiple functions such as, metabolism, detoxification and synthesis. Because of the shortage of available donors and the requirements for sophisticated technology and support teams, liver transplantation has limitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatocyte transplantation into the spleen of animal model such as dog to establish basic condition for further studies. Five Iranian mixed breed dogs (2 males, 3 females) were used in this study. Ventral midline celiotomy was performed under general anesthesia and liver samples were obtained using suction technique by a 50cc syringe and 14 gauge needle. Then obtained samples were injected into the same dog’s spleen directly and also via splenic artery. On day 16 ,under general anesthesia, the gross appearance of spleen were recorded and photographed and for histopathological evaluation, total splenectomy was performed. The prepared sections were stained with Hemotoxylin Eosin (H &E) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and studied under light microscoy. The gross evaluations of the removed spleen showed a whitish area at the injection site in all of the 5 transplanted dogs, spleen vessels had been dilated and enlarged in diameter. Microscopically the groups of hepatocytes in the center of lymphoid follicles in the white pulp were noted. Hepatocyte transplantation could be useful for both supporting an acute liver failure and for surviving as a bridge to liver transplantation in terminal liver failure

ELECTIVE LAPAROSCOPIC OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN TWO DOGS

Pedram, M. S.1; Bakhtiari, J.2; Khalaj, A.3; Abarkar, M.1; Tavakli, A.1; Abdolmaleki, Z.4; Mokaram, S4.

1: Resident of veterinary surgery.Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 2: Associate professor of veterinary surgery, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

3: Assistant professor of surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. 4: Student of vet medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract:

Although the usage of Laparoscopy for ovariectomy, adrenalectomy and hysterectomy is not routine in veterinary surgery, but because of its advantages, this method is well developed in human surgery nowadays. This study was under taken experimentally via laparoscopic approach to neuter two dogs in small animal hospital of Tehran university.

Two dogs were fasted for 12 hours before operation. Animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and ketamin hydrpchloride (10 mg/kg) and operation site from sternum to pubis was prepared for aseptic surgery in dorsal recumbency position. Thiopental Sodium was used for induction of anesthesia and anesthesia was maintained with halotan (0.8-1.5 %).At first Co2 trocar was entered three centimeters cranial to the umblicus on ventral midline part of abdominal cavity .The abdomen was insufflated with Co2. The light source trocar was entered on the umblicus.Then two trocar with five millimeters diameter were applied through the abdominal wall on lateral aspect in two symmetrical points, six centimeters lateral to ventral midline.The ovarian pedicles containing ovarian artery and vein were cauterized and cut .The broad ligament was detached from uterine horns and body. The cervix stapled with laparoscopic stapler and cut with laparoscopic scissor. At last the uterus and ovaries egressed from camera port.Antibhiotic therapy were performed with cefazoline ( 22 mg/kg) every eight hours for three days and both dogs were returned to normal activity after three days . Exploratory laparoscopy after 21days was shown that the condition of abdomen descriptively was satisfactory, without any adhesion or other complication.

Overall, because of less complication and numerous advantages of this method such as less patient trauma, less pain and antibiotic therapy during post operation period, quick recovery, and less mortality and mobidity rate in comparison with open method, this method is recommended for ovariohysterectomy.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES FOLLOWING LIVER LOBECTOMY IN CAT

Sharifi, S.1; Badrbeigy M.2

1: Faculty of veterinary medicine, Shahrekord University

2: Faculty of veterinary medicine, Azad University of Kazeroon

Abstract: The hepatic – biliary apparatus has an important role in balancing most biological process in the

body and it does a least 1500 different activities such as metabolism, filtration, detoxification and secretion of some enzymes. Any disorder in its function can threat the health and life of the creature.

There are two major ways for treatment of hepatic malfunctions. The first one is drug treatment in accordance with the diagnosis and the second one is surgery.

Cat was selected as the major animal of the Felidae family for experimental trial. In current study 6 male adult Persian cats (domestic short hair) with average weight of 4 kg were selected and after clinical examination, antiparastical drugs were administered. Blood sampling were taken for three days to determine normal range of blood factors.

At the time of surgery, 4 lobes out of 6 lobes of liver were cut out. After the surgery, for a period of 14 days blood samples were taken transferred to the laboratory under standard conditions in each day. On the day 14th, all the cats were euthanized and histopathological samples were taken and were sent to laboratory.

The results of this study shows that this specific kind of surgery on liver is completely applicable and can save patients life.

Different histopathological changes such as fatty change, bile retension, massive fibrosis, inflammation, bile duct hyperplasia, necrosis, and hyperemia and in some cases hemorrhage and degeneration were detected.

AN OVERVIEW TO LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY IN SMALL ANIMALS

Bakhtiari, J.1; Khalaj, A.2; Tavakoli, A.3; Abarkar, M.3; Pedram, M. S. 3

1: Associate professor of veterinary surgery, faculty of veterinary medicin, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 2: Assistant professor Surgery, faculty of medical sience, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. 3: Resident of veterinary surgery, faculty of veterinary Medicin.Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract:

The primary objective of surgery is restoration of structure and function. The minimally invasive approach of laparoscopic surgery, which is still in its infancy, is a major advance in the cause of gentle surgery, in all surgeries and specially when working with injured or devitaized tissue. Surgeons must make every effort not to inflict additional damage that might interfere with healing process. In human, minimally invasive technique began with laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1988 and grew to nearly 500000 procedures performed in 1993. General surgeon's now consider it possible to use minimally invasive technique for nearly all conventional open procedure.

The fundamental advantage of minimally invasive procedure in comparison with open procedure in human is: reduced postoperative morbidity, and shorter hospital stay and convalescence. Laparoscopic appendiecectomy, antireflux surgery, adhesiolysis, small-bowel resection, herniorrhaphy, splenectomy, lymphadenectomy and liver biopsy are performed routinely in human surgery.

Animal studies indicate that cell-mediated immunity is less impaired following laparoscopic surgical technique compared with open approaches, and overall, wound complications are redused when smaller incision are used.

Just to improve technical works in use of laparoscopic futures and also to improve technical skill of surgeons, the present investigation has taken over in small animal hospital, university of Tehran in combination with medical surgeons in research of hysterectomy, gasterojejunostomy and total gasterectomy in dogs.

RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF MAMMARY GLAND TUMOR IN DOG: 27 CASES

Tavakoli, A.3; Dehghan, M.1; Ashrafihalan, J.1; Pedram, M. S.3; Azari, O.3

1: Surgery section of faculty of vet medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

2: Resident of vet Pathology, Faculty of vet medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 3: Resident of vet surgery, faculty of vet medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract:

Mammary gland tumors are the most common tumor in female dogs and it is uncommon in male dogs. The cause of mammary gland neoplasia is unknown, however many are hormone dependent. Approximately 35% to 50% of them are malignant. Benign mammary tumors include benign mixed tumor (fibroadenoma) and adenoma and malignant mammary tumors include carcinomas, sarcoma and malignant mixed tumor (carcinosarcoma). Surgical excision in the treatment of choice for all mammary tumors except inflammatory carcinomas.

This retrospective evaluation was performed on dogs that referred to small animal hospital of faculty of veterinary medicine of Tehran University. Surgical excisions were performed for all of these cases. In this study parameters include age, weight, breed, history of parturition and histopathological nature of the tumors were evaluated.

DETERMINATION OF THE REQUIRED TIME FOR APPROPRAITE CHEMICAL DE-EPITHELIALIZATION OF ILEAL SEGMENT FOR

CYSTOPLASTY: AN ANIMAL MODEL

Fattahian, H. R.; Bakhtiari, J.; Gharagozlou, M. J.; Kajbafzadeh, A. M.; Jafarzadeh, S. R.; Nowruzian. I.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. hrfattahian@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Objectives: To determine the required time for the appropriate enzymatic treatment of ileal segment to de-epithelialize its mucosa and to reduce its absorptive function for ileocystoplasty in dogs.

Materials and Methods: An experimental study was performed on 21 adult female Persian mixed breed dogs as follow. Negative control group (NCG): no ileocystoplasty was done. Positive control group (PCG): routine ileocystoplasty without enzymatic treatment of ileal segment was performed. Ileocystoplasty with 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 minutes enzymatic treatment of ileal segment with collagenase and trypsin was performed on respective treatment group (5METG, 10METG, 15METG, 20METG and 25METG). Each group contained three dogs. The seven groups were then compared for hematologic, biochemical, and histologic changes and also glucose reabsorption by glucose absorption test.

Results: No dogs showed any signs of metabolic disturbances, biochemical and hematologic changes. Significant differences in blood glucose level (BGL) were found between groups at different times after glucose absorption test. Pair wise comparison revealed significant differences in BGL between NCG and the other groups except 25METG. No statistically significant difference was found in BGL between NCG and 25METG. The degree of histopathologic changes was correlated with duration of enzymatic treatment, so that the changes were more prominent in 25METG. No shrinkage and collagen deposition were observed.

Conclusions: Twenty-five minutes enzymatic treatment of the ileal segment is sufficient to omit the absorptive function of the augmented bladder, and is recommended for ileocystoplasty.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BLADDER TRANSPLANTATION SURGERY USING FRESH SHEEP’S AMNION MEMBRANE IN DOGS

Mansoori, B.1; Najaf pour, A.2; Nowrouzian, I.3

1: Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.

2: Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Islamic Azad University. Urmia, Iran. 3: Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract:

Over the last few decades, the use of bladder wall substitutes has been attempted with organic and synthetic materials. In this quasi experimental pilot study, using of fresh sheep’s amniotic membrane (SAM) as an organic material for bladder grafting in dogs, for the purpose of bladder augmentation, were used. To evaluate urinary bladder grafting with SAM, 3 healthy male dogs were studied. In this surgery, a piece of cranial wall (Domo) of bladder, approximately 4-cm2 in diameter was resected and replaced with fresh SAM. For the purpose assessment of, compatibility of this grafting surgery, clinical symptoms, ulterasonography, macro and microscopic pathologic parameters were studied. At clinical examination, dogs were depressed until a few first days operation. Urine of dogs were normal in appearene and without blood after surgery, the heart rate, palse, respiratory rate and body temperature didn’t show any significant changes. Ulterasonography finding include: normal dilatation and normal shape of bladder. Also normal thicknees (1.5 mm) of the bladder wall at the non grafting site, emphasis that no cyst it were consist. No leakage and floating masses in bladder lumen were observed. Macro pathology findings were: the regeneration of transitional epithelium and proliferation of granulation tissue, mild to sever inflammatory response, no degenerative changes at the junction of the bladder and graft, was seen. The results indicate that fresh SAM acts as a proper scaffold with least disadvantages, for repairing bladder defects in dogs.

TRAUMATIC DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA IN CAT: REVIEW OF 7 CASES

Tavakoli, A.; Abarkar, M.; Pedram, M. S.; Kazemi Mehrjerdi, H.; Barekatein, H.; Dehghan, M. M.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Abstract:

When the continuity of diaphragm is disrupted such that abdominal organs can migrate to the thoracic cavity a diaphragmatic hernia performed. They may be congenital or occur as a result of trauma, most diaphragmatic hernia in dogs and cats are particularly the result of motor vehicle accident.

In this retrospective study, clinical data of seven cats which referred to surgical treatment of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia were comparatively evaluated based on

Weight, age, sex of the patient, clinical signs pre and post operation, surgical techniques, site of diaphragmatic rupture, evaginated organs to thoracic cavity, anesthetic method and complications.

Dyspnea, exercise intolerance, anorexia and tachypnea were general clinical findings in all cases. In two cases except these findings tachycardia and cyanotic mucous membrane were seen. Differential diagnosis was performed with radiological evaluations. Direction of diaphragmatic rupture was transverse in one case and in the others was dorsoventral. Rupture of muscular part of diaphragm was in right side in three cases, left side in three cases and transverse in one case.

All cases was operated under general inhalation anesthesia on ventral midline approach, there was different abdominal organs which migrate to thoracic cavity, such as liver, spleen, Ileum, duodenum, jejunum, stomach, gravid uterine horn, ascending and descending colons .Except two cases which died during 3rd and 5th Hours after recovery, others were followed up 2-6 months postoperatively, and no complication was detected.

ACMROSCOPIC EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF GARLIC ON OPEN WOUND HEALING IN DOG

Maleki, M1.; Sardari, K2.; Dehghan, M3.; Emtehani, H.1

1: Dept. of pathobiology. Faculty of veterinary medicine, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad,

Iran.maleki@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir 2: Dept. of clinical sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. 3: Dept.of clinical sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: Macroscopic aspects of second-intention healing of full thickness wound using crushed garlic were

studied in five dogs. Histological aspects were studied separately. Two square full-thickness skin wounds (20mm×20mm) were created on the back of each dog. The

wounds were created bilaterally at the days: 0, 3, 7, 10, 13, 17, 20, 23, and 27 of study. Left sided wounds were treated with garlic (test group) and right sided wounds were treated with normal saline (control group). Photographs of wound area were taken twice weekly intervals. Percentage of wound healing and epithelialization was calculated with Scion image soft ware. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in wound contraction percentage between two groups in day of 13. There were also significant differences (P<0.05) in healing percentage in the day of 13 and 17 .There were not significant differences in wound epithelialization percentage.

Therefore it seems that garlic has not only positive effect in second-intention healing of full thickness wound but also has negative effect in wound contraction in the day of 13 and in healing percentage in days of 13 and17.

SURGICAL TRAEATMENT OF VASCULAR RING ANOMALY IN A

DOBERMAN PUPPY: A CASE REPORT

Abarkar, M.; Dehghan, M. M.; Soroori, S.; Kariman, A.; Azad, E.; Pedram, M. S.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Abstract:

Vascular ring anomalies are congenital malformations of the great vessels and their branches that entrap the intrathoracic esophagus and occasionally the trachea, and cause obstruction. Animals with vascular rings are mostly underweight and have a history of vomiting directly after intake of solid food. Vascular ring anomalies are common causes of dysphagia and dilatation of the esophagus in young animals. The most frequently described vascular ring anomaly in animals is a persistent right aortic arch. Surgical treatment of this abnormality depends on the time which surgery performed, can significantly increase the chance of life of patient.

In October 2004 a four month Doberman with history of weight loss and postprandial regurgitation was referred to Small Animal Hospital of Veterinary Faculty, University of Tehran. Based on case history and clinical and radiological findings esophageal dilation in thoracic part of esophagus cranial to base of the heart was diagnosed, with special radiological techniques detection of vascular ring anomaly was done. Hematological examination and urinalysis showed normal results.

In order to surgical treatment, after routine preparation for thoracic surgery and induction of anesthesia by intravenous administration of ketamin and diazepam was done and maintenance of anesthesia by inhalation method with halothane and applying ventilator were performed .Then left thoracotomy via fourth intercostals space approach was accomplished .After packing the left lung caudally, and determining mediastinal vascular structures, include left aortic arch, caudal vena cava ,pulmonary artery, ligamentum arteriosum, vagal and left pherenic nerves, dilated esophagus was detected which was pressed by ligamentum arteriosum .With gentle dissection of vascular structures around ligamentum arteriosum, it double ligated and transected, Then a balloon catheter was inserted through the mouth in to esophagus to evaluate if any constriction in thoracic part of esophagus. Thoracic cavity after application of chest tube was closed in routine manner .Bupivacaine was injected in interacostal region to control post operative chest pain.

Postoperative management was including: oxygen therapy, intravenous fluid therapy and antibiotic therapy and removing chest tube after 24 hours. Feeding program during first post operative week was fluid nutrition, and then it was changed to semisolid and solid nutrition. In post operative clinical and radiological evaluations no complication and any dyspnea or cardiac dysfunction or any sign of esophageal dilation and regurgitation were seen.

CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF HEALINGBETWEEN DERMAGEL AND NITROFURAZONE IN RATS

Adibhashemi, F.1; Sedigh, S.2; Rahgozar, A. R.2; Dehghan, M. M.1; Sedaghat, R.3; Abarkar, M.1;Alichi, P.4

1: Surgical section of clinical sciences department, Veterinary faculty of Tehran University, Tehran,

Iran. 2: DVM, Tehran, Iran. 3: Pathology department, medical faculty of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

4: Anatomy department, Veterinary faculty of Science & Research campus, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: Wound healing is one of the important parts of papers. Most of researchers are looking for to find a

proper drug to access to the important aim and there are some different drugs in this field. In veterinary practice, because of the size and/or state of tissue damage and infection of some wounds, it is common for veterinarians to treat such wounds as open wounds, allowing them to heal by contraction and epithelialization. Nitrofurazone is used in almost open wounds. In this study, Nitrofurazone has been compared with a herbal drug named Dermagel which has some healing effect on wounds.

14 male and female albino rats weighting 150-200g were separated into two groups. After shaving the back of the rats, we made two open excision wounds by cutting away a 4cm (2cm*2cm) full thickness piece of skin with a No.10 scalpel blade under anaesthesia that were induced by SC injection of Ketamine Hydrochloride(40 mg/kg). All wounds were treated with Nitrofurazone or Dermagel. On the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th days of healing, the rats were anesthetized and the wounds were traced, outlinging the wound edge and the advancing edge of epithelium. The outlined surface areas were measured with photographied from each wound and analyzed by Scion Image software. Using these data, the percentage of wound contraction based on the original defect was calculated for each wound measured on days 4, 8, 12, 16. Likewise, the percentage of epithelialization of each wound on each day measured was calculated.

Most of the wounds had healed after 16 days. Some histopathological sample have been taken from the healed wounds areas in this stage and they studied by 40x microscope lens. The results have been analyzed by SPSS 11 software and using regression and “t”Test.

Effects of Dermagel on epithelialization and total wound healing are absolutely more than Nitrofurazone. These two drugs have partly similar affection on the contraction of wounds. Gender and anatomic treatment area had no affection in healing process. In histopathologic studies more efficiency of Dermagel absolutely characterized as well.

FIRST REPORT OF SCLERAL DERMOID IN IRAN AND SURGICAL REMOVAL

Aldavood, J.1; Abedi, G. R. 2

1: Veterinary faculty of University of Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. sja@iranianvet.com 2: Science and research center of Azad

Abstract:

Dermoids (Dermo lipomas) are congenital) probably hereditary) masses, which arise on conjunctiva. They may invade onto cornea and eyelids. Dermoid is a skin like tissue, which contains a few hairs follicles, keratinization epithelium, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, nerve fibers, sebaceous glands, smooth muscles and sometime cartilage. Dermoid mass and its hairs are irritative for conjunctiva and may cause epiphora and sometime keratitis. A one years old female Terrier has referred to small animal hospital of University of Tehran for a small white mass in left eye. The mass (Dermoid) was located on 4 o’clock in left cantus. Dog’s owner has taken it one month ago. He hadn’t any attention to this problem because the mass hasn’t any hair and pigment. The Dermoid was superficial and has extended to near by limbus and involved surface level of sclera. It has removed by microsurgery and remain place has covered by conjunctiva.

ANIMAL ETHICS COMMITTEES AND RELATED SURGICAL APPROACHES

ASKIN YASAR

Associate Professor, Department of History of Veterinary Medicine, Deontology and Ethics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya/Turkey. ayasar@selcuk.edu.tr; askinyasar@hotmail.com

Abstract: One may think that “veterinary ethics” means ethics as it is related to animals just as veterinary

medicine is related to animals. Based on this, any type of issue concerning animals-whether or not it involves veterinarians would be an issuse of veterinary ethics. On the other hand, “veterinary ethics”, as its name applies directly relates to veterinarians and others such as veterinary students and technicans involved in providing veterinary care. “Animal ethics” will be used for the ethical issues involving animals and veterinarians.

Ethical Committees in the Veterinary Medicine are classified as Veterinary Ethics Committees (VECs), Research Ethics Committees (RECs) ve Animal Ethics Committees (AECs). Altough their functions and responsibilities differ, they primarily focus on choosing alternative methods as opposed to the use of live animals for research purposes.

Evaluation of research projects by the Ethical Committees is based on Three Rs. This study deals with status, memberships, functions, responsibilities, approaches to surgical research and legality of the Animal Ethics Committees in different countries.

The number, membership, function and responsibility of AECs vary from country to country. While some cuntries do not have these committees or some works only in an advisory level. Joining of members from public (lay people) other than veterinary profession to AECs, especially in western countries cause to include variety of different people from different part of professions and overcome prejedious approaches for the surgical reseach as well as animal experiments. The judgement is given unanimously in these AECs.

Recently in Turkey like in western countries, AECs were started to be established in the university hospitals and those where animals used for experimental purposes. In Turkey, the decision given is based on the majority of the votes as the number of members is very limited as opposed to other countries. Also, with increasing sensitisiveness of people along with new legislations in Turkey, it would be said that the number and effect of AECs are increaing.

EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF ZN-7 ON OPEN WOUND HEALING IN DOG (MICROSCOPIC STUDY)

Sardari, K.1; Pedram, M. S.2, Maleki, M.3

1: Department of Clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ferdowsi, Mashad, Iran. 2: Resident of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran 3: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ferdowsi, Mashad, Iran.

Abstract: Analysis on the accelerating of open wound healing in dogs by Zn-7 gel as a commertial available

drug in compared with normal saline were carried out in dogs.Zn-7 contain glycerine, zinc gluconate, l-lysin and taurin.Histological aspects of second-intention healing were studied.Tow rectangular, full-thickness wounds of skin were created on the each dogs both sides of dorsal midline at 0,1,2,3 and 4 weeks. Left side wounds were treated with Zn-7 gel (test group) and right side wounds were treated with normal saline (control group). At 35th day (5th week) biopsies were taken from wounds for histological examination. Number of leukocytes was significantly (0.07) lower in test wounds, but number of fibrocyte-fibroblasts was significantly (0.07) higher in test wounds. No significant differences were observed in the amount of collagen and fibrin in the saline-treated and Zn-7 treated wounds.However it seemed that the granulation tissue was more regularly organized in the Zn-7 treated wounds than the control wounds.On the other hand, the collagen fibers were descriptively thicker in test group wounds.

Zn-7 gel improved the quality of healing, but had no absolute effect on all aspects of healing in compared with normal saline-treated wounds.

THE COMPARISON HEALING EFFECTS BETWEEN EXTRACT OF ALOE VERA PLANT AND NITROFURAZONE IN INDUCED WOUND ON SKIN

OF RABBITS

Adibhashemi, F.1; Azodi, A. 2; Dehghan, M.3; Sedaghat, R.4

1: Dept. of clinical sciences faculty of veterinery medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 2: Graduated from Garmsar Islamic Azad University and member of young researchers club, Garmsar, Iran.

3: Dept. of clinical sciences faculty of veterinery medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 4: Dept. of anatomy and pathology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract:

Wound healing is one of the global scientific treatments issues most of researchers are looking for to find a proper drug to access to this important aim and there are some different drugs in this field. In this research nitrofurazone ointment which is one of the effectiveness chemical drugs in this field, is compared with a herbal drug called Aloe vera extract and effect of Vaseline ointment treatment. In the shaved back area of the 12 males and females a laboratory rabbit which has been Anastasia with ketamin one piece of skin has been taken fall thickness and open wound has appeared.

The nutrition and environment condition is complitly fixed for all of them. Process of the Case study have been photographied every 3 days (in 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 15, 18, 21 days) the dimension of the wounds in all pictures has been calculated by scion Image software, then the information has been analyzed by spss 11 software and using regression and »t« test. The rats of healing speed and related factors such as contraction and epitialiazation determined that most of wounds had healed after ٢١ days. The taken histopathological samples were colored by (H&E) and studied by 40x microscope lens. The results showed that effects of Aloe vera plant on epithelialization and wound healing is absolutely more than nitrofurazone and Vaseline. Gender and anatomic treatment area had no affection in healing process. In histopathologic studies more efficiency of Aloe vera plant absolutely was characterized as well in un infection wounds.

THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS GARLIC EXTRACT ON WOUND HEALING IN DOG: CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES

Saifzadeh, S.1; Tehrani, A. A.1; Orojzadeh, R.2

1: Departments of Clinical Sciences and pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia, Iran.

2: Graduated from Veterinary Faculty, Azad University, Urmia Branch. Abstract:

Although garlic has been used for centuries, and even nowadays is part of popular medicine in many cultures but until recently there has been little scientific support of its therapeutic and pharmacological properties. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous garlic extract on wound healing in dog.

Five apparently healthy dogs of both sexes, weighed 20-25 Kg were used in this study. Two skin defects of 2 x 3 cm were created at lumbo-dorsal region of each dog assigned as experiment (left side) and control (right side). Each dog serves as its own control. The experiment wounds were received 0.5 ml of 10% aqueous garlic extract every three other days for 4 weeks. The rate of wound contraction was measured by calculation of wound area at days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 24. Histopathological specimens from wounds of both sides were also taken at day 14 (week 2). The data was analyzed using student paired t-test. P<0.05 was considered significant.

There were no significant differences in wound area between experiment and control wounds at different weeks of the experiment, which was in agreement with histopathological findings.

It was concluded that aqueous garlic extract used in this study had no significant effect on wound healing in dog.

CONGENITAL ESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULUM IN A KITTEN

Hosseini Nejad, M.; Khorrami, N.; Soroori, S.; Masoudifard, M.

Departement of Clinical Science, Veterinary Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Abstract:

Esophageal diverticula are circumscribed as sacculations in the wall of esophagus that interfere with normal esophageal motility patterns. These kinds of disorders are rare and have two forms: congenital and acquired. A 4 month male kitten presented with a history of anorexia, weakness, regurgitation and dysphagea .in thoracic auscultation, wheezing sound were noted. Heart sound was normal. Radiographic investigation showed a strip sign in the esophagus.contrast radiography showed diverticula with the diameters about 1.5 cm. near heart base in the esophagus lumen.this investigations confirmed the presence of a diverticulum filled with contrast media in the esophagus. Results taked from CBC revealed leukocytosis with the shift to the left.antibiotic therapy and feeding with semiliquid food (to minimize the impaction of the food in the diverticulum) advised.

EFFECT OF CANINE LIVER LOBECTOMY ON THE BLOOD CELLS

Sharifi, S.1; Porbahaei, M.4;Dehghani, S.2; Derakhshanfar, A.3

1: Dept. of Vet.Clinical Studies, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. 2: School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

3: School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran. 4: Graduate from Isalmic Azad Universiy, Kazeroun, Iran.

Abstract:

The liver is the largest gland in the body and is very important in providing major components of blood coagulation factors, blood sugar and enzymes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of liver lobectomy on certain blood chemical parameters in canine. 6 male indigenous healthy dogs weighing 16.0+/-0.8 Kg was used for this study.They were dewormed and underwent a complete clinical and hematological evaluation. Hemoglobin(Hb), heamatocrit Hct), red blood cells, white blood cells, differential counts and platelets were measured using standard procedures for three consecutive days prior to operation. Under General anesthesia and midline celiotomy four lobes out of six 6 lobes were removed and the bleedings were controlled. Post operation all the previous hematological parameters were tested daily for 14 days. The results were analyzed statistically and a significant level of P<0.05 were assumed. The WBC compared to the control group increased significantly till 5th, neutrophills and lymphocytes increased significantly till 3rd day post op due to surgical damage to the liver. Red blood cells decreased significantly compared to the control group till7th post op day due to liver damage and bleeding.

In conclusion the effect of liver lobectomy on blood cell was within the tolerance of all the dogs operated.

CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC REPORT OF UNUSUAL FOREIGN BODIES IN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN THREE DOGS

Avizeh, R.1; Ghadiri, A.1; Hafizi, R.2

1: Department of clinical sciences, faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. 2: Graduated student from faculty of veterinary medicine of Azad university of Garmsar, Garmsar, Iran.

Abstract:

Dogs eat all sorts of foreign objects from rocks to nails, grass, paper, feces, sting, cloths and toys. Sometimes this is called PICA if the dog makes a habit of consuming non-food material. On occasion, objects that the dog would only play or hold in its mouth are inadvertently swallowed. There are several reports about causes and types of foreign bodies in gastrointestinal system of dogs but it seems that there is not any research about gastrointestinal foreign objects in dogs from Iran. The aim of this report is determine types, sites and causes of foreign bodies in gastrointestinal systems of three dogs referred to veterinary hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. During one year plain radiographs of both ventrodorsal and left lateral views were taken from dogs referred to small animal section of veterinary hospital with gastrointestinal problems foreign bodies were observed in the radiographs in 3 dogs (6%) from 50 examined dogs. One of the dogs had a cap of a bottle in the stomach; second one had radiopaque foreign body (sand) along gastrointestinal tract. Symptomatic treatment plus baby food and prescription bland diets are recommended and after few days they returned to normal. The third one had a medium sized” C” battery in the stomach. It was hospitalized for removal of foreign body but in the next day the battery had been observed in the floor of the cage before surgery. Next radiography had no sign of abnormality in the abdominal cavity.

None of the dogs had fed by commercial dogs' foods. Their diets contain legs and head of chickens and residual foods of restaurants. Diet of the second dog had been put on the floor of the garden. All of the dogs in this report were young (8-18 months) which it was similar to other reports. On the basis of the results of this report, it seems that most of foreign body could be found in he stomach than other parts of GI tract and they might be either digested or simply passed with the stool or regurgitated out.

DELAYED HEALED WOUND DUE TO TAIL CHASING IN A CROSS GERMAN SHEPHERD

Khoshnegah. 1; Kamrani A.2; Kazemi H.1; Abarkar M.1

1: Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

khosh_negah@yahoo.com 2: Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdosi University, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract:

Several factors can affect coutaneus wound healing such as local and systemic factors, but some hidden factors like behavioural problems may play a main role in delayed wound healing. An approximately 3-year-old male cross German Shepherd, was reffered to small animal hospital of faculty of veterinary medicine Ferdosi university of mashhad, because of a dirty infected wound on the base of the tail.History, Clinical exammination and radiologic evaluation did not revealed any significant abnormality but self injury.The wound management was performed in a routine manner along with adminstration of Elizabethan collar.The bandage was changed every 48 hours. How ever on the following week the dog again developed the signs mentioned above with no significant therapeutic response.Internist consultation and taking into consideration of the general history and environmental conditions, the case diagnosed as tail chasing due to behavioural problem. The animal received administrations of amitriptyline every 12 hours orally for 30 days.One month later, examination showed complete healing of the wound.

CLINICAL REPORT OF ONE DEAD DUE TO PLEURAL EFFUSION ACCOMPANY WITH ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION

Hosseini-Nejad, M.1; Ashrafi-Helan, J.2; Zahraii S, T.3; Vajhi, A.1; Nasiri, A1; Masoudi-Fard, M.1; Atash P,

N.3; Shirani, D.1 ; Boroojerdi, F.2

1: Departement of Clinical Science, Veterinary Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 2: Department of Pathology, veterinary faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 3: Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract:

An 8-year-old Pekingese dog referred to the small animal hospital of Tehran veterinary faculty. The most important complaints of the owner were anorexia , regurgitation just after feeding and superficial respiration that were started three days ago , after ingestion of a piece of chicken with a bone. In clinical examination fever, tachypnea, conjunctivitis, decreased respiratory sounds in auscultation, disability of movement, and nausea detected .CBC showed degenerative shift to the left. Serum biochemical analysis showed increased BUN. Radiography showed contrast media density in lungs and mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes. At necropsy, hyperemia and extensive hemorrhagic and sanguineous pleural effusions were seen. A piece of chicken bone observed in the 1/3rd distal of esophagus and near carna. This bone caused obstruction, mucous damage and perforation of the esophagus. Proteus Mirabilis extracted from the culture of the fluids of the pleural cavity. Regarding the described findings above cause of the dead was esophageal perforation with accumulation of pleural effusion and toxemia that was resulted from it. Isolation of proteus mirabilis is the first report of finding this bacterium in pleural effusions of the dog in Iran.

LARGE CYSTIC CALCULI IN A TERRIER DOG

Oloumi, M. M.; MashadiRafiee, S.; Akhtardanesh B.

Department of clinical studies, Faculty of veterinary surgery, Shahid Bahonar Univ., Kerman, Iran. mm_oloumi@mail.uk.ac.ir

Abstract:

Case history: A 3-year-old English terrier dog was referred to veterinary clinic of Shahid Bahonar Univ. for oligurea, hematurea, and polakiurea. In plain radiography, some radiopaque masses could be seen in midabdominal region. Pneumocystography was perfomed and four pieces of large calculi could be seen in urinary bladder.

Materials and Methods: Under general inhalation anesthesia and through a ventral midline approach, a ventral cystotomy was performed and 4 pieces of pyramidal stones with the average weight of 7.3 ± 1.5 grams were removed from the bladder. The urethra was then flashed for the patency. The thickened bladder wall (approximately 8 mm in thickness) was closed by 3/0 polyglactin 910 and simple interrupted pattern.

Results: Skin sutures were removed 10 days after operation and the animal recovered completely from the urinary symptoms. In chemical analysis the calculi were diagnosed as 90% oxalate and 10% ammonium phosphate.

Discussion: Hypercalciurea leading to calcium oxalate stone formation can result from icreased renal clearance of calcium due to excessive intestinal absorption of calcium (absorptive hyprecalciuria), to impaired renal conservation of calcium (renal leak hypercalciuria), or to excessive skeletal mobilization of calcium (resorptive hypercalciuria). Appropriate diet was recommended to the owner to avoid recurrence of the disease.

ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM (THOUSAND WEED) FLOWER WATER SOLUBLE EXTRACT EXAGGERATES WOUND HEALING

Oloumi, M. M.; Derakhshanfar, A.

Department of clinical studies and pathobiology, Faculty of veterinary surgery, Shahid Bahonar Univ., Kerman,

Iran. mm_oloumi@mail.uk.ac.ir Abstract:

Introduction: There are many herbs in traditional Iranian medicinal texts proposed to treat wounds. In this study, A. millefolium, a plant from the family Compositae, is evaluated histopathologically.

Materials and Methods: The flower of the plant was collected from around the Kerman and water soluble extract of the flower was made. The study was carried out on 15 male Spragne-Dawly rats. After surgical preparation and general anesthesia, a circular wound was created on either side of each rat by a 7 mm skin punch (total of 30 uniform skin wounds). The wounds were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10 wounds. The wounds of group one and two were daily rinsed with normal saline whereas the wounds of group 3 were left untreated. In group one (treatment group), following daily rinsing with normal saline, the extract was applied on the wound. The animals were euthanised on day 7 and the wounds were resected for histopathologic study (H & E staining).

Results: Complete re-epithelialization of the wound with moderate granulation tissue and mild scab formation was evident in 8 (80%) wounds of group one. In group 2 only 3 (30%) wounds showed complete re-epithelialization and a massive granulation tissue could be seen. In group 3, no re-epithelializaton, could be seen.

Discussion: A. millefolium, contains some chemical components which have some antinflammatory and antimicrobial effects. So its role in wound healing can be attributed to these chemicals. It seems that some of the ancient remedies can be relied on, provided that they are evaluated on a scientific basis.

BIOMECHANICAL AND HISTOPATOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIAZEPAM ON SKIN WOUND HEALING

Tabatabaei Naeini, B.; Poorsabrei, B.; Darvishbeigi, A. H.

Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract:

Wound healing represents a dynamic physiological process initiated and influenced by many factors. Diazepam is used in premedication and anticonvulsant in man and animsl. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diazepam on cutaneous wound healing. Fourteen white NewZland rabbits with same sex and age were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups and followed for healing process for 20 days. Each rabbit was anesthetized, and a full thickness skin incision, 4 cm long, was made on its back. The wound were closed with non absorbable suture. Diazepam and saline were administered to experimentaland control groups respectively. The results showed that clinically the rate of wound healing is better in experimental group and the tensile strength and histopathological studies of wounds in diazepam group were not increased compared to control group. The data suggest that collagen content and its maturity maybe responsible for the equal tensile strength of wounds in diazepam group. The results showed that the diazepam not only has no significant effects on wound improvement but also it helps more to improve the wound.

SEGMENTAL URETERAL REPLACEMENT WITH LATERAL SAPHENOUS VEIN IN DOG: HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS

Ghashghaii, A.1; Dehghani, S.2; Hodjati, H.1

1: Assistant professor, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. ghashghaii@yahoo.com

2: Professor of surgery, veterinary school of Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Abstract:

Ureter as an imporatant part of urinary system can be affected by several disorders, such as: Congenital malformations, extensive iatrogenic ureteral obstruction, ureteritis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, trauma, necrosis, calculi, tumors etc. In many conditions reconstruction or replacement of the affected part is necessary.

This study was performed on ten healthy adult crossbred dogs of both sexes, weighing 16.3± 2.3 kg. After usual preparation, premedication and anaesthesia, about 7-10 cm of lateral saphenous vein was dissected, washed with sailin and catheterized. Then by midline caeliotomy, left kidney and ureter were exposed. A same length of proximal ureter, 3-5 cm from the pelvis was removed and replaced with prepared venous graft and anastomosis was performed proximally and distally. Two weeks later the catheter was removed through the cystotomy incision. IVU was performed 1, 3,24 hours and two weeks post catheter removal. Six weeks after the first operation, animals were euthanized, necropsy findings were recorded and appropriate specimens were taken for histopathologic studies.

Radigraphic and necropsy findings showed graft obstruction at the anastomotic sites and progressive hydronephrosis. The histopathologic examination showed some changes in the wall of the grafts including: graft wall colapse and fibroplasia in all cases and granulomatous reactions, fibrinoid degeneration, ossification, hypertrophy of middle muscular layer, adventitial edema, endothelial detachment, and re-epithelialization of the graft lumen near the anastomtic sites in some cases.

There are various methods in ureteral replacement, such as: use of bowel especilly the terminal ileum, Boari bladder flap and synthetic materials. However due to the failure, limitations and complications of these methods, the present study was accomplished. But our results were also disappointing and showed that because of the various histopathologic changes the saphenous vein is not an appropriate ureteral substitution.

THE EFFECT OF ALKANNA TINCTORIA TAUSCH ON BURN WOUND HEALING IN RABBITS

OGURTAN, Z.1; HATIPOGLU, F.2; CEYLAN, C.3

1: Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk Turkey.

2: Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk Turkey 3: Dr. Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Harran, Şanlıurfa Turkey

Abstract:

Eighteen adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used in the treatment of partial thickness, severe and olive oil burns. Both right and left sides of the animals were burned to make partial thickness, severe and hot olive oil burn wounds. The solution of A. tinctoria in 16% prepared in medical olive oil in weight basis, were applied to the left, and right side served as control. It was topically applied twice a day by gently rubbing against the burn area. While complete healing of partial thickness and olive oil burn wounds occurred in 7 to 10, and 26 days, respectively, with well formed dermal-epidermal junctions in both groups, severely burned wounds appeared to be nonresponsive to A. tinctoria.

COMPARING TWO TECHNIQUES FOR TREATMENT OF BROOD

POUCH HERNIA IN SEAHORSES

Mahjoor, A. A. 1; Dehghani, S.2

1: Department of Pathology, Islamic Azad School of Veterinary Medicine, Kazeroun, Iran.

mahjoor@shirazu.ac.ir

2: Department of Veterinary Clinical medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract:

Seahorses are found in most of the world's temperate and tropical coastal waters: Indo-Australia; the Atlantic coasts of Europe, Africa, and North America, among sea grass beds, mangroves, and andcorals. The seahorse is a specific creature because it is the male which becomes pregnant. The female seahorse produces eggs, but they are held inside the male\'s body until they hatch. Their mating involves the female inserting her oviduct into the male\'s brooding pouch. Then the male moves away and attaches himself by his tail to a nearby plant. . During breeding season, the female lays up to 200 eggs in the males pouch.

He is pregnant for about 40 to 50 days. The eggs attach themselves to the spongy pouch wall and are fertilized by the male, which nourishes them with a special fluid. When the seahorse prepares himself deliver the broods, the pouch extends to an almost spherical shape. Muscular contortions of the pouch produces a forward and a backward bend that last for about ten minutes resulting in an explosive action and the broods leave the pouch. After the last young sea horse has left, the pouch returns to its normal position, which usually takes about an hour Males are ready to re-mate within a few hours of giving birth.

Hernia of the brood pouch is frequently reported from breeding farms. Some of these hernias resolve spontaneously but 40-50 % of these hernias require correction. Normally, a circular skin incision is made around the hernial sac and then the portion of the skin over the sac is discarded .The rest of the hernial sac is sutured using two simple interrupted suture .Forty to fifty percent of the sea horses treated with this technique do not show any breeding cycle and a large number (10-35%) are lost during the surgical procedure.

The alternative technique was using the rubber band around the hernial sac that was performed on 20 seahorses experimentally, 20 seahorses were treated with the conventional technique too. The results proved clinically and histologically that a large number of the sea horses returned to breeding activity and a very low mortality rate in the rubber band technique but secondary complications such as persistent open wound and infection were more prominent in this technique. Histologically the sea horses treated with rubber band technique had less damage to the brooding pouch, but infiltration of inflammatory cells were more noted in these animals. It was concluded that rubber band technique is safer and practical with less complications,

SERUM BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN CANINE LIVER LOBECTOMY

Sharifi, S.1; Dehghani, S.2; Salim, B.2

1: School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. 2: School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract:

The liver is the largest gland in the body and is very important in providing major components of blood coagulation factors, blood sugar and enzymes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of liver lobectomy on certain blood chemical parameters in canine. 6 male indigenous healthy dogs weighing 16.0+/-0.8 Kg was used for this study.They were dewormed and underwent a complete clinical and biochemical evaluation. Albumins, Total proteine, ALT, Creatinine were tested for three consecutive days prior to operation. Under general aneasthesia and midline ceiliotomy four lobes out of six 6 lobes were removed and the bleedings were controlled. Post operation enzymes assay were carried out daily for 14 days. The results were analyzed statistically and a significant level of P<0.05 were assumed.

he albumin decreased significantly till 8th post operation day due to decreased the liver mass. ALT increased significantly till 9th post op day damage to the liver cells.

The creatinine increased till third day post op possibly due to general anesthesia. The total protein decreased significantly till 12th post op day due to decreased liver mass.

In conclusion the dogs in this study were able to tolerate liver lobectomy.

LAPAROSCOPIC GASTROJEJUNO ANASTOMOSIS IN TWO DOGS

Pedram, M. S.1; Abarkar, M.1, Bakhtiari, J.2, Khalaj, A. R.3, Tavakoli, A.1

1: Resident of veterinary surgery, faculty of veterinary Medicin.Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 2: Associate professor of veterinary surgery, faculty of veterinary medicin, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

3: Assistant professor in Surgery, faculty of medical sience, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Abstract:

Minimally invasive surgery has numerous advantages that make it a valuable method in various operations.So, laparoscopic gasterojejuno anastomosis were done in two dogs in small animal hospital of Tehran university.

Two felamle 1 years old dogs of mixed breed with 12 Kg weight were fasted for 24 hours prior to the operation.At first dogs were sedated with acepromazine maleat(0.05mg/kg)and ketamin hydrochloride(10mg/kg),and the operation site from sternum to pubis was prepared for aseptic surgery in dorsal recumbency.Thiopental sodium (10mg/kg)was used for induction of anesthesia and it maintained with halotan(1-1.5%).The abdominal cavity was insufflated with Co2 from Co2 cannula entered 3 cm cranial to the umbilicus site.Three additional ports for different usage were introduced.A part of jejunum was selected and brought up near to the stomach. 3 cm of stomach and jejunum were sutured together in simple interrupted pattern with silk 4/0,then a 2 cm incision was made in the jejunum and stomach between its lesser and greater curvature.New edges created in jejunum and stomach were sutured and anastomosis completed.This operation was lasted about 2.5 hours.Dogs got cefazoline (30 mg/kg)every 8 hours for 7 days,and serum therapy was performed for three days after operation.Dogs returned to normal feeding in seven days.The explaratory laparoscopy was performed on day 21st after operation showed minimum adhesion around anastomosis area and the region descriptively was in a very good condition.

OLEASTER LEAVE WATER SOLUBLE EXTRACT EXAGGERATES WOUND HEALING

Oloumi, M. M.1, Derakhshanfar, A.2

1: Department of clinical studies and pathobiology, Faculty of veterinary surgery, Shahid Bahonar Univ. , Kerman

, Iran. mm_oloumi@mail.uk.ac.ir 2: Department of clinical studies and pathobiology, Faculty of veterinary surgery, Shahid Bahonar Univ., Kerman,

Iran. Abstract:

Introduction: In ancient Iranian medical texts many herbal preparations are suggested for wound healing. In this study, oleaster leave (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is evaluated histopathologically.

Materials and Methods: The late summer leaves of the plant were collected and water soluble extract of the leaves was made. The study was carried out on 15 male Spragne-Dawly rats. After surgical preparation and general anesthesia, a circular wound was created on either side of each rat by a 7 mm skin punch (total of 30 uniform skin wounds). The wounds were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10 wounds. The wounds of group one and two were daily rinsed with normal saline whereas the wounds of group 3 were left untreated. In group one (treatment group), following daily rinsing with normal saline, the extract was applied on the wound. The animals were euthanised on day 7 and the wounds were resected for histopathologic study (H & E staining).

Results: Complete re-epithelialization of the wound with moderate granulation tissue and scab formation was evident in 8 (80%) wounds of group one. In group 2 only 5 (50%) wounds showed complete re-epithelialization and a massive granulation tissue could be seen. In group 3, no re-epithelializaton, could be seen.

Discussion: This study was the first in which the wound healing potential of oleaster leaves has been evaluated. So actually we have no idea how and why this extract plays its role in wound healing. Some analytical studies should be performed to elucidate which gradient is more effective. The only conclusion we can make is that some of the ancient remedies are valuable provided that they are evaluated scientifically.

The First Intrnational Symposium of Veterinary Surgery

211

EMERGENCY ENTEROTOMY TO REMOVE A SEWING NEEDLE FROM JEJUNUM IN A CAT

Pedram, M. S.1, Abdi, M.1, Jarolmasjed, H.1, Abbasnia, P.2

1: Resident of vet surgery.Faculty of vet Medicine.Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 2: Student of vet medicine. Faculty of vet Medicine.Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: Foreign body swalloing is a complication in small animal practice.Needle is one of the most dangerous foreign

bodies that is often caught in esophagus. Needle may penetrate into the vital organs such as heart, lung, and … so should be removed as soon as possible.

At 2/10/04 a male, one year old cat was refered to the small animal hospital of university of Tehran with the history of swallowing a sewing needle 4 hours ago. The general condition of the cat was normal. The radiograohic findings showed the needle in the abdominal cavity, but the exact location of the needle was not detected. The cat was sedated with ketamin hydrochloride (30 mg/kg) and acepromazine maleat (0.1mg/kg). The ventral abdominal region was prepared for aseptic surgery. The exploration was done to find the needle, which detected in proximal jejunum. To remove the needle and the string, a pin point incision created in antimesentric side of intestine, where it seemed that the point of the needle was there, and the needle removed slowly. To remove the string, it was pulled out with caution. So it became distinct. It was a long string that the end of it was caught some where distal to the site of the needle. So the intestine was incised 3 mm long and the end of the string which was glomerated removed and it pulled out slowly from the proximal incision.The proximal incision closed with 1 modified gambee suture and the distal incision with 3 modified gambee with dexon No 4/0. The complication during the operation included very sever retching reflex. Total time of operation was 40 minutes. The celiotomy incision closed routinly and a stent bandage was applied. Antibiotic therapy with cefazoline (22mg/kg) every 8 hours for 5 days was performed.The general condition of patient was satisfactory 15 days after operation.