1815-1824

The Era of Good Feeling

The Election of 1816

The Election of 1820

The Virginia Dynasty• Monroe’s cabinet - a difference in Political

attitude? − John Quincy Adams “a bulldog among spaniels”− John C. Calhoun – Southern WarHawk− Other appts include N & S, E & W, Feds. & Repub.

• Monroe’s Goodwill Tour (not since Washington), greeted by Feds and Repub., “era of good feeling had arrived”

Rush Bagot Agreement,Convention of 1818

• .

The First Seminole War and The Adams-Onis Treaty• Early 1800’s, Spain’s colonies in Latin America

were declaring their independence ---Adams begins secret negotiations with Luis de Onis

• Georgia residents vs. Seminole Indians− Seminoles crossing border, raiding American towns− Andrew Jackson – crossed over into E. Florida, BUT

ALSO began seizing Spanish forts− Reactions of Americans and Euroepeans to

Jackson’s actions were mixed

• Secretary of State’s Adam’s “ultimatum” to Onis− Control Seminoles or cede E. Florida, 1819

The Monroe Doctrine

• Referred to as America’s Self-Defense Doctrine

• Hoping to protect Independence of New Latin American nations

• Dispute with Russia over Pacific NW

The Monroe

Doctrine

What foreignPolicies

AreEstablished?

WhatWarnings

GivenTo

EuropeanCountries?

What willU.S.Do if

Warnings Are not

Heeded?

The American System• War of 1812 convinced many of the need to

support a stronger federal government

• Henry Clay, “Nationalist” − National Bank --- to have a standard, sound

currency, no longer rely on different printed notes by each State bank

− Protective Tariff – 25% duty on imports to help industrial development

− National Transportation System – Link North, South, and West manufacturers and farmers

The Transportation Revolution• National Road plans

− Idea surfaces during Jefferson’s administration− Cumberland Turnpike (1815) – Maryland to WV

• Erie Canal construction

1. Purpose of it?

2. Proponents of it?

3. How did it work?

• The Clermont1. Purpose of it?

• Locomotives – Tom Thumb lost

1. Early trains plagued by engine problems

2. By 1840, over 9000 tracks in US

The Industrial Revolution• Originated in Great Britain in 18th century

− Industrial Espionage brought it to America− Samuel Slater – textile mills

• Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin, Interchangeable Part in manufacture of firearms

• John Deere – Plow

• Elias Howe – Sewing Machine

• Cyrus McCormick – Mechanical reaper

• Francis Cabot Lowell – Factory System

Uh-oh – trouble for the “good feeling”• 1818 – economic prosperity in all areas of

country

• manufacturers borrowed money from state banks to finance new companies

• Western settlers borrowed money to purchase land to build a home

• Banks loan money freely, not checking borrower’s credit history

• Does this sound familiar???

The Panic of 1819− 2nd Bank of US ordered state banks to demand

repayment of all loans they had given out− Also required State banks to exchange their notes

for gold/silver− Chain reaction of bank failures, foreclosures,

depression

• How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the Panic of 1819?

The Compromise of 1820• Why the need for it?

• After failed attempt at Tallmadge Amendment and the gradual elimination of slavery

• Henry Clay, The Great Compromiser

The Election of 1824 “The Corrupt Bargain”

• Election made up of a crowded field of regional favorites – 5 Republicans

• No candidate won majority

of electoral votes

John Quincy Adams Term• 1 hugely unpopular term

• More Famous before term

• Tqriff of 1828− a.k.a. Tariff of

Abominations− Goal to protect

industry in N&S from British

− S harmed- had to pay higher prices on goods they did not produce

− V.P. Calhoun proposed theory of nullification

The Election of 1828 – Birth of “Jacksonian Democracy”

1828 Election

Electoral

Votes

Popular Votes

Andrew

Jackson

178 647,286

John Quincy Adams

83 508,064

%

56

44

A BRUTAL CAMPAIGN – 1st to resembleModern day election process

Jacksonian Democracy• Old Hickory

• The Democratic Party – Party of the People

• Let’s Read and discuss Jackson’s “troubled” past?− Early year life− Hatred of British− The scandal involving Rachel− A dueler− Lover of the Indians? – adopted Indian boy

The People’s President

Jackson’s Policy on Native Americans• “barrier to the waves of population and

civilization rolling westward”

• “for their own protection,…so their white brothers will not trouble them”

• Indian Removal Act (1830)− Removal of indians to Indian territory in OK− Supposed to be voluntary, but pressure put

on leaders to sign treaties

• 2nd Seminole War (1835-1842) –− forced removal of seminole indians from

Florida

The Indian Removal Act• In your small groups, read the Act and discuss and each

you write up 5 main points that Congress is making in this document.− http://www.civics-online.org/library/formatted/texts/ind

ian_act.html

• Locate a map of the Trail of Tears to look at together, and

• Discuss and list the ramifications of these policies for:− Native Americans− Legacy of Andrew Jackson− U.S. History broadly

Native American Policy Cont.• USSC case, Worcester v. Georgia

− Disobeyed order of Georgia militia to leave land – argued GA had no power over Indian lands

− The Supreme Court found in favor of Worcester and thereby the Cherokee Native Americans (read opinion of case)

− “Chief Justice Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it,” Andrew Jackson

• The Trail of Tears – Read article, answer questions

The Trail of Tears

Jacksonian Democracy

• The Spoils System & his “Kitchen Cabinet”

• The Nullification Process

- Tariff of 1832 further outraged Southerners

- As creators of federal gov’t, states had right to nullify

any acts they found unconstiutional

- Compromise of 1833: lowered rates of tariffs over 10

year period• Jackson’s War with the Bank

− Saw it as a monopoly, feared paper money− Henry Clay --- attempts to recharter the bank in 1832− Pet Banks – removal of federal funds from 2nd bank and put

in privately owned banks

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

NicholasNicholasBiddleBiddle

PresidentPresidentJacksonJackson

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

* 1832 * 1832 Jackson vetoed the Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 extension of the 2ndnd National Bank of National Bank of thethe United States. United States.

* 1836 * 1836 the charter the charter expired.expired.

* 1841 * 1841 the bank went the bank went bankrupt! bankrupt!

Specie Circular 1836• No more 2No more 2ndnd bank, but now state banks bank, but now state banks

print own notes, farprint own notes, far more than they more than they have gold to back it uphave gold to back it up

• Also state banks loan very freely – land Also state banks loan very freely – land speculation increased.speculation increased.

• To curb inflation, Jackson makes an To curb inflation, Jackson makes an executive order that to buy future executive order that to buy future federal land only with gold or silver.federal land only with gold or silver.

• businesses begin to fail, unemployment businesses begin to fail, unemployment rises rises

AND, results in…..AND, results in…..

The Panic of 1837

DEM – Martin Van Bureno

DEMS Richard Mentor Johnson, VP

Van Buren taking Blame

The Rise of the Whigs and Election of 1840• Disliked Jackson’s use of Federal power

− English party that had worked to limit the power of the king− Used much of the same anti-elitist rhetoric the Democrats had used

to gain support (anti-masonry movement)

• 1830’s Whig party had trouble unifying behind one particular candidate – regional division − Great Triumvirate: Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster

• Philosophy − Expansion of federal gov’t power− Encouragement of industrial/commercial development− Cautious over westward expansion, supported federal control over it

• Constituents − NE manufacturers and merchants− Southern wealthy planters− Ambitious farmers and rising commercial class of west

WHIGS OPPOSED JACKSON’S USE OF THE EXECUTIVE POWER!!!

WHIGS William Henry Harrison

““Tippecanoe, Tippecanoe, and Tyler,and Tyler,

Too!”Too!”

““Tippecanoe, Tippecanoe, and Tyler,and Tyler,

Too!”Too!”

“Log Cabin” Campaign Pin, 1840

Election Results

WHIGS John Tyler, VPBecomes President after 1 month

Inherits Ongoing Economic Crisis