Era of Good Feeling

A sense of nationalism promotes a unified nation that: enables the nation to peacefully negotiate disputes with foreign powers constructs roads and canals connecting the west and east has a brief period of political cooperation between parties

Limited naval power of the U.S. and Great Britain on the Great Lakes...

Rush-Bagot Agreement, 1817

Convention of 1818... gave US fishing rights off the north Atlantic coast—

New Foundland/Labrador settles border from Great Lakes to Rockies at the 49

degrees latitude.

Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819.

Spain gives East Florida Territory to the US

Industrialism and the Northeast

Late 1700’s -1800’s

Overview

The economy, development, and politics of the regions were determined by industrial development—i.e., manufacturing.

Those learning a new craft under a master craftsman were called...

apprentices

Cities had a tendency to be established near

rivers and the sea

During the early years of the Republic, most Americans lived

on farms.

The rise of factories and the use of machinery in life became known as

industrial revolution

English mechanic who memorized mill plans in England and brought them to the US

Samuel Slater

Factories established themselves in cities because

they were near water transportation supply of workers

Aiding in the advance of industrialization was the development of the interchangeable part invented by

Eli Whitney

What was the great achievement of Francis Lowell?

He combines spinning and weaving factories into one operation.

Women who worked and lived in Lowell's factory complexes were known as

Lowell Girls

Besides women, this social group became a common source of labor .

children

Discuss how the population begins to shift as a result of factories.

Families begin to move from farms to cities. Immigrants pour into American cities

The movement of goods and people to and fro the West depended upon reliable

transportation

Built in 1806, this route carried goods and people from Maryland to Virginia then to Illinois

The National Road

Turnpikes were...

toll roads for which people paid money to travel

These were manmade waterways connecting lakes and rivers

canals

The most famous canal of all is the Erie Canal

These carried water craft over hill and high places

Locks

This canal connected... Lake Erie and the Hudson River

1830’s steam powered these “iron horses”

locomotives and trains

Fastest ships on the oceans

Yankee Clippers carried people to the California gold fields

They filled American cities providing cheap labor

immigrants

Elias Howe invented: the sowing machine

Isaac Singer: improved the sowing machine

Effect: increased the production of clothing

John Deere Light weight steel plow

Cyrus McCormick Invented the mechanical reaper (harvester)

Effect: Made it easier to till, plant, and harvest in the vast

prairies of the west.

Inventor of the Telegraph

Samuel Morse, 1844

Increased communication connected the east with the west.

Effect

Artisans (eg., carpenters) organize to improve work conditions.

Trade Unions

Sara Bagley...

organized the Lowell Girls

Regarding immigration, what is a push factor?

Events that force or prompt people to leave their homeland for another.

For example: famine, war, political oppression

Regarding immigration, what is a pull factor?

Those conditions which attract immigrants from their homeland. Examples are land, jobs, political freedom, etc.

Where did most Chinese immigrants settle during the 1840-50’s?

They came to the west coast especially during the gold rush. They settled on the outskirts of mining towns and big cities. Their ghettoes were most commonly called Chinatowns.

Why did many Irish immigrate to the east coast in the 1840’s?

A blight (disease) destroyed caused potatoes to rot, thus creating a famine.

What types of jobs did they assume upon arrival in the U.S.? They often became unskilled laborers in factories, or built

canals, and later, the railroads. Women also became household domestics.

Why did many Germans immigrate to the east coast in the 1840’s?

They were looking for work. Many Germans were skilled laborers. They often migrated to the Midwest and became farmers.

Two issues facing immigrants

discrimination overcrowding in the cities

Four problem facing immigrants living in large cities

Tenements: poorly constructed apartment buildings that were overcrowded with few sanitary facilities or hot water

Public Services: lack of clean water, collection of human waster (solid or otherwise)

Disease: cholera, typhoid Fire Crime

The political party that was anti-immigrant

the Know-Nothing Party

Those Americans who opposed Those Americans who opposed immigration were called...immigration were called...

•...nativists

What is a reformer?

A reformer is a person or a group that desires to change and improve society.

Revival or rebirth of religious feeling in America during the late 1790’s and early 1800’s

The Second Great Awakening

The preacher who excited Americans with fiery sermons that promoted personal responsibilty

Charles Grandison Finney

Prison Reformers and their goals Dorthea Dix: promoted professional help for the

mentally ill instead of imprisonment. Josiah Quincy: wanted different punishments for

juvenile offenders. Other s wanted to eliminate overcrowding,

provide sanitary conditions, and prison education.

Education Reform

varies community to community, social group to social groupNew England typically had more schools than most areas. The west and south had the least. Conditions also varied between local communities and different groups based upon sex, race, and economic class

Condition in schools across the states can best be described as: (Pick one answer)-- equally good throughout the states and regions -- equally bad everywhere-- varies state to state, region to region-- varies community to community, social group to social group

What was the Common School Movement?

Horace Mann wanted: all children taught with equal opportunity in

school. Wanted better trained teachers and longer

school year Larger budget for education

Two names in education for women

Catherine Beecher: opened fist all female academy in Hartford, Conn.

Emma Willard (1821) Opened the first college level institution for women...Troy Female Seminary

Who founded the first free American school for the deaf?

Thomas Gallaudet

Abolition is...

the reform movement determined to end slavery. Some wished to end it on religious grounds (like the Quakers) while other believed that it was unconstitutional and stood against the principle espoused in the Declaration of Independence.

What were the contributions of William Lloyd Garrison?

published the first anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator, in 1831 founded the American Anti-Slavery Society which demanded the

immediate emancipation of slaves and racial equality.

What were the contributions of Angelina What were the contributions of Angelina and Sarah Grimke?and Sarah Grimke? Two white southern sister who published anti-slavery

works including the very influential American Slavery As It Is.

Former slave whose book become a best seller in Europe. Known as the most powerful abolitionist speaker.

the great Frederick Douglas published the antislavery newspaper, North Star wrote several autobiographies pointing out the

injustices of slavery the most sought after anti-slavery orator

(speaker) of his time

Who is the “female” Frederick Douglas?

Sojourner Truth: a spokesperson for abolition and women’s rights. Believed God had called her to speak out!

Who is Harriet Tubman?

The most famous conductor on the underground railroad. Known as the Moses of her people

Secrete routes that escaping slaves followed north to freedom...

The Underground Railroad

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organize this important woman rights conventon in 1848...

Seneca Falls Convention in Seneca Falls New York

This important abolitionist also attended and spoke...

Sojourner Truth

This important abolitionist also attended and spoke. This important document written there outlined the social injustices toward women and 18 charges against men...

Declaration of Sentiments

Know as the “first who really stirred the nation’s heart on the subject of women’s wrongs.”

Lucy Stone

Susan B. Anthony supported:

equal work, equal pay freedom to enter traditional male dominated professions (eg.,law) reform women’s property rights

The right for women to vote was called:

suffrage Those women who supported it were called suffragettes

Arts and Culture

Transcendentalists

They believed that people could rise above materialism... Who are these folks

He wrote a book called Walden. It extoled the virtue of living in nature to get in touch with God and one’s self...

Henry David Thoreau

His essay proposed that to change unjust laws, citizens simply disobey them until the law becomes unenforceable. This is called..

Civil Disobedience

Wrote the famous essay called Self-Reliance

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Some transcendentalists tried living in theses idealistic communities...

utopian communes

Early in the 1800’s, there developed an artistic movement that emphasized nature. It was called...

Romanticism

These painters focused on the beauty of the American landscape... Hudson River School of art: founder-Thomas Cole

This movement also spread to authors during this era...this author’s attention was on the villages and people of the America

This author’s themes dealt with the “noble savage,” the native Americans

Washington Irving who wrote Rip Van Winkle and the Headless Horseman

James Fenimore Cooper: Last of the Mohicans

This author wrote a novel based puritan colonial history in Nathaniel Hawthorne

The novel was called...

Invented the detective and mystery genres

He wrote the famous eerie poem called..

Edgar Allen Poe

The Raven

The Scarlet Letter

Henry Wadsworth LongfellowThe greatest poet of the time was

He wrote... The collection called Leaves of Grass The Song of Hiawatha

The most famous female poet of the time was Emily Dickenson