the fight against trafficking in human beings (rome, 22 march 2012) maggiore anna bonifazi

The fight against Trafficking in Human Beings

(Rome, 22 March 2012)

Maggiore Anna Bonifazi

Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri

Phases:- Recruitment- Transportation- Reception/ Logistical support

Use of deception and threat:- False promise of legal work- Recruitment by someone known and trusted by victim- Use of psychological violence- Threats to family members in the country of origin- Subjugation of victims with magic rituals (e.g. Wodoo for Nigerian women)

Huge economic interests:- Phenomenon of multi-trafficking ( people, drugs, firearms, etc.)

Transnationalism Transnational crime in at least 2 state

Linguistic and cultural complexity- Need for cultural mediators, interpreters, psychologists, bilingual police force, priests, etc.


Law Beneficiaries Objective Content

Art. 18 D. lgs286/98

Both domestic and foreign victims of violence and severe exploitation

Assistance and social integration

Medium- term programme of assistance and permit of residence on humanitarian grounds

Art. 13 Law 228/03

Domestic and foreign victims of trafficking

Immediate assistance

Emergency programme of assistance


Who are the victims?- Men- Women- Minors

Where are they from?- Eastern Europe- Africa- Asia- South America

What type of exploitation?- Labour exploitation- Sexual exploitation- Criminal activities/ street begging

What are the man features of human trafficking?- Organised- Transnational- Linked to other forms of international trafficking


A victim of trafficking:• does not recognise the context of trafficking;• believes in the trafficker’s ‘promises’;• Even if she has doubts, she deludes herself into believe that the exploitation will be short and she will

eventually regain her freedom;• If she has experienced physical or sexual violence, she feels guilty and uncomfortable;• She is worried about herself and her family;• She does not trust the police;• She is scared.


A victim of trafficking:• might have been indoctrinated and intimidated by the trafficker;• might have been brainwashed;• might be confused;• might have an hostile attitude, might be angry, scared and distrustful;• might not be willing to doubt the ‘good will’ of her trafficker especially if she feels tied to him/her by some

sort of relationship;• might lie.


Operation NUOVA ERA (year 2005)

Italy 23 arrestsGreece (op. JINDA) 42 arrestsTurkey (op. YAYLA) 33 arrests

Criminal matrix Chinese

MAFIA ORGANISED CRIME:Counterfeiting of documents

Kidnapping

Enslavement

Trafficking in human beings

Labour Exploitation


Operation TERRA PROMESSA (year 2006)

Italy 27 arrestsPoland 13 arrests

Criminal matrix: Polish

ORGANISED CRIME AIMED AT:


Enslavement

Labour Exploitation


Operation VIOLA (year 2008 -2009)

1st phase - year 2008 Italy 19 arrestsNetherlands (op. Kollvis) 29 arrests1st phase - year 2009

(Italy, Nigeria, Turkey, Bulgary, Netherlands, Colombia)

35 arrests

Criminal matrix: Nigerian

NIGERIAN ORGANISED CRIME AIMED AT:

International trafficking of drugs

Enslavement and Child Trafficking

Sexual Exploitation


Operation CARONTE (year 2009)

Italy 17 arrests

Criminal matrix: North - African

TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIME AIMED AT:


Smuggling

Counterfeiting of Identity Documents