fACSIMILE TEXTS .

THE FIRST PRINTED

ENGLISH NEW TESTAMENT. TRANSL<\TED HY

WI LLIAM TYNDALE.

PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHED FROM THE UNIQUE FRAGMENT, NOW I N

THE GRENVILLE COLLECTION, BRITISH MUSEUM.

.. . .. . ... .. : .. .. .. ..... .. . .... : ........ : ... .. .. ........ :. : .. .• : .. .......... ........ .. .. .. ·"i:tlu.:'D .li¥. .. : .. : :.... .... ...... ..

.. ».D?N.e..R:F>: A!\~~l',: .. .. .... ...... .. ............ .. As4i-'t-$lQ'.t :O-o/~ C~:6dn.· JI'.lt.C.-S., a-c.

iLonbon : 5 QUEEN SQUARE , BLOOM$BURY.

1. '1.5 oS ~t:

15 FEBRUARY, 18 71.

A LL RIG KT S RBSERVED .

TO Ttl ..

fEY, JAMES pTRATTEN.

IN PERPETUAL TESTIMONY

OP HIS

iamb 4Haqn.nu,

;Qlig~ anb !n'iglll in Ill' icri¢.m, ",ND '"

;QlaBi [millful nub fruitful 1}lini.lr~

.of nlllD:ubs of ,t'orl!2·tfDo Itl1r1,

THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY

I NSCRIBED.

c 0 ~ T E ~ T p.

The Preface. Evidence connected with the first Two Editions. of the English

New Testaments, viz. ; in Quarto and in Octavo.

1. \VILLlAM TYNDALE'S antecedent Career II. The Printing at Cologne

IlL The Printing at Worms IV. WILLIAM ROY'S connection with these Editions V. The Landing and Distribution in England

VI. The Persecution in England

...

Typographical and Literary Evidence connected with the present Fragment.

1. It was printl..-d for TYNDALE by PETER QUENTEL ' at Cologne,

PACK

7- 18 18-24 24- 2 7 27-36

36-47 411-64

before 1526 . 65 II. It is not a portion of the separate Gospel of Matthew, printed previous

to that year.' 65 III. It is therefore certainly a fragment of the Quarto . • . 66

Is the Quarto a translation of Luther's German version? Text . The prologge . Inner Marginal References Outer Marginal Glosses

The Photo-lithographed Text. [The Title Page is wanting in the Grenville Copy.) The prologge [by TYNDALE) The bokes conteyned in the newe Testament. Woodcut [by ANTHON VON WOUIS) • The Gospel according to St. Matthew:

Chapters I.-XXII. 12 [where the Fragment ends)

Part of the ntle Page 0/ Rupertus' In Matth.:eum:

1-14

'S 16

17-6i

Printed by PETER Q UENTEL at Cologne, between March and July 1526 64

QI;be jFir!$t J)rillteb (/J'lIlJli!:ib ;J1tbJ QI;t!$tamtllt.

TRANSLATED BY

WILLIAM TYNDALl':.

"THE true seruaunt and Manyr of God . . . 'Vho for his notable paynes and trauelJ may well be called the Apostle of England in this our latter age."-JOHN Fox; A~tt$ and M(lnul1Untu, p. 1224. Ed. 15]0.

He "put forlhe cerlaine bookes oflhe olde Testament and the hole newe Testament, into the Englyshe tO~/Ple. . • • whereby sence thankes be geuen to God, the dore of Iyght into the scriptures, hath and da.Lhe IS morc and more opened unto YS, the whiche before was many yeares closed in darkenes."­ANONY MOUS 'VRITER: Id"", p. 514. Ed. 1563.

PREFACE.

!everence, almost with awe, we here offer to the reader the photographic likeness of a priceless gem in English litera­ture. It is the u1tique Fragment of that first and fontal edition of the English New Testament, to which Mr. Anderson refers as "the veritable origin of all those millions of English Scriptures now being read in so many different and distant

parts of the globe-parts, utterly unknown to our immortal Translator, when he sent the sheets to the press-parts, then untrodd·en by any Englishman-parts, then undiscovered." 1

The first PRINTED portions of any . part of the English Scriptures were the Gospels of Matthew and . Mark; probably separately printed by Tyn­dale, somewhere on the Continent,1! in 1524-5. " ' hile there is abundant evidence of the former existence of these two Gospels, no copies of them whatever are now known to be extan,t. After these, in time~ came simul­taneously his first two editions of the New Testament-one in Quarto, with glosses or marginal notes; the other in Oc~vo, without glosses-one of which, perhaps both, were in England in. March 1526. Of the Quarto edition, there is only the Fragment, here photo-lithographed, known; of the Octavo, there is one perfect text in the library of the Baptist College at Bristol, and a port jon 'bf another in that of St. Paul's Cathedral, London. These three copies, all denuded of their title pages, are· the earliest im­pressions of any portion of the printed Bible in the English tongue, r.ow known to be in existence.

! • Annals of the English Bible .' wi. i., p. 74, Ed. 1845. t The Re ... . R. Demaus, who is writing a LI/t of TYlldall!, which is to appear this year, has noticed th:tt

n') printer is known to ha ... e been at Hamburgh about these years.

6 PREFACE.

Looking over the present photo-1ithographed Text, the reader will readily mark the total absence of all those distinctions which have always been used for the separation of books, and the discem.rnent from each other of their several editions. It wants the- names of TRANSLATOR or EDITOR, of the PRINTER, and the PLACE of printing, together with the DATE of printing. As we now have it, it is an unowned, unavowed fragment of black letter English. There is however an accumulation of evidence, perfectly over­whelming, which assures us, beyond the possibility of a doubt, that this fragment is verily and indeed a part of the earliest edition of the New Testament, ever printed in the English language. It is our duty here to exhibit this evidence.

At the outset, however, we must limit this testimony to these first two editions only. Afterwards tame ' thicker and threefold ' into England, editions both of the New Testament and of the Bible. Some of these attempted an accurate authenticity, being produced solely from a love to God and Truth; others were surreptitiously and often carelessly produced by speculators, for the mere sake of money. All these cal) only be rightly analysed and adjudged in a thorough and complete' History of the English Bible, both manuscript and printed. J A work yet to be written; though the way has been made smoother by such pioneers as Rev. J. F ORSHALL, Sir F. MADDEN ; Revs. J. LEWlS, H. COTTON, D.C.L., Canon B. F .. WEST­COTT; Messrs. L EA WILSON, C. A NDERSON, G. OFFOR, F . FRY, and others. Such a work would be based upon deep sacred interest. It would record a marvellous story of human heroism and self denial, of untiring effort and labour. It would catalogue all known editions, all accessible early copies, and point out their various differences. And, with it, would be largely in­terwoven the political and social history of what may be looked upon as our Biblical Century-that hundred years, roughly speaking, of incessant Biblical translation and revision, which was crowned with that literary marvel, the present authorized version. What Froude has done for the Court and Political H istory of our Reformation; what Macaulay for twenty years later on in our National History j might, with even a more interesting subject-the most interesting of all literary subjects to many-be done for the Story of the Word of God in English. I s any man so bold, so earnest, so devout, as to attempt this work? t

In adducing this Testimony from original sources, and in eliminating it from the confusion of many conflicting and perplexing statements, it will be convenient to quote each passage, once for all, in its principal place; though it may occasionally anticipate somewhat in time, or cO:ltain ex­traneous matter.

1 Such a worker may consult with advantage the manuscript transcripts and notes of Mr.OITor, nn' Add. MSS. 26,67_5. in the British Museum .

WILLIAM TYNDALE'S ANTECEDENT CAREER. 7

We may group the evidence-

As IT RELATES TO THE FIRST TWO EDITIONS. As IT VERIFIES THE FRAGMENT, HERE REPRODUCED.

As to the two editions, it may be arranged under-

I. William Tynda/Is a'l'~cedetlt career. II. The printing at Cologne.

III. The printing at Worms. IV. William R oy's connection with these editions. V. The landing and distribution in Eng/and.

VI. The persecution in England.

As relates to the existing fragment; there is possibly, o.0ly­

VII. Typographical and Literary evidence.

We must also premise, that, in judging of moral actions by the use made of money, we have followed the usual estimate, in a matter so hard to determine absolutely; that the multiple of Fifteen approximately represents the increased power of the same standard coin in purchasing the neces­saries. of life (food, raiment, rent, books, and the like), in the reign of H enry VIII., as compared· with the present day. So that £10 then, represents £150 now; 16s. ¥. then, £12 5s. od. now j and so on. We have inserted the modem equivalent, upon this estimate, within [ ], after every sum mentioned.

I. William Tyndale's antecedent Career. \. Tyndale is believed to have been born either at STlNCHCOMB or NORTH

NIBLEY, in the hundred of Berkeley, in the county of Gloucester, not earlier than 1484-6;1 where his family, during the wars of the Roses, had for a time adopted, probably for the sake of concealment, the name­variously spelt-of Hitcllins or Hotchyns.

2. The authority for the early life of our great Englishman is John Fox; in the editions of his Adu and MOllumentts, de., published during his life­time, viz., 1563, 1570, 1576, 1583; and in the account partly extracted there­from and prefixed to The Workts 0/ Tyndalt, Frith, and Barnts, 1573, fol.

. 1 Mr. Oade Roberts, of Painswick [d. 182'] in

Lysoos 'Topog. (:Q1l.' Add. M SS. 9-4 -~. Plut. fol. 6]-«1; in the British Museum. Mr. R oberts thought that Richard Tyadale, who purchased, in

156. , the estate of Me1ksham's Court, Stinchcombe, from Thomas, Lord Wentwonb, was the Transla­tor's nephew.

8 WILLIAM TYNDALE'S ANTECEDENT CAREER.

A comparison of these editions evidences two narratives. The earlier one is a brief and . graphic Memorandum,- probably more correct as to the sequence of events-written from memory by a confidential friend, who had his infonnation from Tyndale's own lips, probably during his stay in London: which Memorandum evidently preserves the very words of Tyndale. The later account is written impersonally, and amplified.aftq Fox's vehement manner. We here place the two side by side.

Fox's FIRST ACCOUNT. '56). Fox ~ivts tltt/oll(mling summa? 0/ Tyndalr's

cayur; Whit''' maJl k taI&nJ as txJrtsli"K' "i1tnun ulimalt tif Ike Tram/a/or.

Thi$ good man William Tyndall the faithruli mini~ter and constant martyr of Christe, was borne vpon ye borders of wales, and brou2ht vp euen of a childe in the vniuenitie of Oxford) being_ alwa}'e$ of moste vpright manel'S and pure Iyfe. This man as soneas he had receyuedsome taste and $auour of the diuine truth by readin~ of Luthers bookes,' he thought no labour or traualll to be pretermitted to allure and to drawe a ll othet" engli5hmen to the like knowledge and vnderstanding. For the better and more e~y accomplishing wherof. he first together with Frith, labored in translating the olde and newe Testament into EnSlish, a most hol­some worke for the E nglishnatiOn, he wrote a l50 diuers other workes of Sundry tytlf!$, amon[g)5t the whiche is that mo5te worthy monument of his in­titulcd Thobedience of a christen m¥l, wherin with a synglller dexteritie he instructeth all Menne to the office and dut ie of chri5Uan obedience. with diuerse conflicte, and disputations against More and others, no lesse delectable as also fruteful! to be read. j. s:zo. Ed. IS63.

[H"~ kg-ins tM Mt1lUJYmul~_ if TyN/alh /ri'md.]

First mayster Tynda ll be)'llg in seruice with one maister WelcheS a Knyght. who maned a doughter

t The dates of Tyndale's connection with O.cord and Cambridge have not yet been recovered, Sec \VOOD, Atluna Oxotliemll, t.94, E d. JSI3, and C. H . and T . CooPItR, Athnuz CGtl/d,.ig-inlsel, i. S9, Ed. t8SS.

I If Tyndale went a • child' to Oxford, and was there ' smgularly addicted' to the study of Scrip­ture, it must have been long before Luther attached his ninety-five Thesn to the door of the church at Wittenberg f] I October, ISt7); which protest first gave him a European reputation. Tyndale may have been confirmed in hisopinions by Luthu; and we shall see one of the works of E rasmus was so congenial to him that he translated it: but a con­sideration that he must have been about )0 years of age, and a priest, when Luther a ttacked the $ale of indulgences, is conclusive that he was but fol­lowinit the dictates of his own mind and conscience when In early life he searched after truth in the Revelation of God, and not among the writings of men.

Fox's SECOND ACCOUNT. IS70. Wi/lifma Tyndall the faythfull Minister and con­

stant Martyrof Christ, was bome about the borders of Wales, and brought vp from. a child in the Vniuersitie of Oxford, where he by long continu­ance grew ~, and increa5ed as wei in the know­ledge of. tounges. and other liberall Artes, as es­pecially in the knowledge of the Scriptures: where­unto his mynde was singularly addicted;' In 50

much that he lying then at Magdalene H all, read priueiy to certeine studcntes and fc lowes of Mag­dalene Colledge, some pu-cell of Diuinitie : in­~tructing them in the knowledge and truth of the Scriptures. Whose maners· also · and conuersation being correspondent to the same, were such that a ll they which knew hym, reputed and estemed hym to bee a man of most v.e:rtuous disposition, and of life vnspotted ,

Thus he in the Vniuersitie of Oxford 1 increasing­more and more in leamyog, and procedyng in de­grees of the 5Choles. spying hys time, remoued (rom thence totheVniuersitie of Cambridge,l where after hee had Iykewise made his abode a certaioe space, being now further ripened in the knowledge of Gods word, leaU)'lli that Vniuersitie also, be resorted to one M. W~klu' a knyght of Glocester-

I Sir J ohn Walsh, son and heir of J ohn Walsh, married Anne, daughter of Sir Robert PoinU:, and having served the office of high sheriff of Glouces­tershire, IS and '1.~. 8 [i.4!'. I S,6 and tS3S] died. seized of Lit tle Sodbury in the 38th year of the $arne reign (2:2: April IS46-28 Jan. IS411, leaving Maurice his son thirty yean old, who had the livery of the manor the same year, and manied Bridget, daughtu of - - Vause. S. Rudder. H u t. 0/ Gwuustn'S/u'""I. 677. Ed. 1179,

Little ·Sodbury is two miles from Chlppillg Sod­bury, and fifteen from Brutol, on the Bath and Cbippcnham road. • • • The old church of St. Adehne was a stone building in the Early Knglish style, with tower, nave, transept, and porch, and situate adjacnrt to the manor house; but having­fallen into decay, a new church was erected in I859 On a more convenient si te, which church, with the addition of a vestry room and north aisle, WlLS as nea:J), as possible a restoration of the old one. Kelly,J Gkm&tstn'sllin, ; . 634., Ed. I81O.

WILLIAM TYNDALE'S ANTECEDENT CAREER. 9

Fox's F IRST A CCOUNT, 1563-

of Sf!' Robert Pointz. a Icnyght dwellyng in Glo­ceslr shyre, the sayde Tyndall berng scholemiliter to the sayde maister Weicht his children,. and being in goodfauour with his maistcr, sat mostecommonly at his owue table. whiche kept a good ordinary, hauing resort to hym. many tymes diuer.;e great beneficed men, a$ Abbots, Deanes, Archedeacons, U1d other diuerse doctors, and learned men. Amonges! whomc commonly was talke of learning, as well of Luther and Erasmus Roterodamus, as of opinions in the scripture. The saide Maisler Tyn­dall being learned and which had bene a studient of diuinitie in Cambridge,· and hadde therein taken degree of schole. did many times therin shcwe his mynde and leamyng. wherein as those .men and Tyndall did varie in opinions and iudgemcnlcs, then maister Tyndall would shewe them on the booke the places, by open and m..anifest scripture , the whiche continued for acettaine season , diuene and !iOndry tymes vntyll in the continuance thereof, tbose great beneficed doctors waxed weary and bare a secret grudge in their hartes against maister Tyndale.

So vpon a tyme some of those beneficed doc:ton, bad maister Welch and the Lady hi.!; wyfe, at a supper or banquet, there hauinge amonge them talke at wyU without any gainsaiyng, and the supper or banquet beyng done, and maister Welche and the Lady his wyfe, came home. They called for maister Tyndall, and talked with hym, of suche communication as hadde bene, where they came fro, and of their opinions. Maister Tyndall there­unto"made aunswere agreable to the tru the of gods worde, and in reprouing of their false opinions. The Lady \Velche being a stoute woman, and as Mainer Tyndal did reporteS her to be wise, beyng there no more but they three, maister Welche his wyfe and maister Tyndall.' Well sayde she, there was suche a doctor, he may dispende CC. pounde [£)000] by tbe yeare, an other one hundred pounde Ll1soo].and an other three hundreth pounde(£4SOO], and what thynke ye, were it reason that we should beleue you before them so great learned and bene­ficed men. t Malster Tyndall bearyng her,gaue her no aunswere. nor after that, had but small argu­mentes agains t suehe, for be perceiued it would not

1 If Maurice , bom in 1516, was the eldest bom son of Sir J. Walsh. Tyndale's connection with his family as tutor mus t necessarily have becn short; probably at most the two or three years 1521-3.

• Note I,J. S.

Fox's SltCOND ACCOUNT, 1510.

shyre, and was there scholemaster to his children,' and in good fauour with his master. This Gentle­man, as hee kept a good ordinarie commonly a t his table, there re!iOrted to hym many times sondry Abbots, Deanes, Archdeacons, ":"ith other diuers Doctors and great beneficed men: who there toge­ther with M. Tyndall sittyng at the same table, did vse many tymes to enter communication and talke of leamed men, as of Lutw and of £raSltlus :

Also of diuers other controuersies a.nd questions vpon the Scripture .

Then III. Tytuiall, as he 1Ifas learned and well practised in God!i mallen, so he spued not to shewe vnto them simply and playnly hys iudgement in matters, ashe thought : and when as they at any tyme did varye frOID Tyndall in opinions and iudge. ment, he would shewe them in the hooke, and lay plainly before them the open and manifest places of ye Scriptures. to confute thei r eraun, and to con­firme hili sayinges. And thus continued they for a certaine sc:uon, reasonyni and contending togethel diuers and sundry tyme!, till at len~th they waxed wery, and bare a secret grudge in their hartes agaynst hym.

Not long after this, it happened that certalne of these great Doc:tours had inuited M. Wlld~ a.nd hys wife to a hanket: where they had talke at will and pleasure. vttering their blyndes and ignoraunce without any resistance Of gaynsaying. Then Itf. Wtleke and bys wife comming home and calling for M. Tytuiall. began to reason with him about those matters, wherof ye priestes had talked before at theyr banket. M. Tyndall aunswer­ing by scriptures, mayntayned the truth, and re­proued theyr false opinions. Then sayd the Lady IVtkh, a stout and a wyse woman (as Tyndall re­ported) Well (sayd she) there was such a Doctor which maydispend aC.Ii.(hun<iredpounds=£1500) and an other. ij . C.Ii. (two hundred pounds:::: £)000] and an other.iij. C. li . [three hundredpounds=£4SOO] andwhat? were it reason. thinke you, that we should beleue you before them 1 t M. Tyndall gaue her no aunswere at that time, nor also after that (because he sawe it would not auayle) he talked but !ide in those matters. At that tyme he was about the translation of a booke called EneMyidio" militu Chrutiani,5which beynge translated, he delyuered

• Graphic points showing the narrative to be at first hand.

• What unconscious satire! 5 That is, Ene/dridion It/ilitis CA,.istia"i [The

Pocket Dagger of the Christian Soldier] written by B

10 WILLIAM TYNDALES ANTECEDENT CAREER.

Fox's FIRST ACCOUNT, 1563-

helpe in effect to the cootlat'y. But"tben did he t ranslate into Englyshc a booke called as II remem­ber Enchiridum militu Cltro/ian;.- The whiche being translated, deliuerc:d to his maister and Lady. And after they halide read that booke, those great prelate5 wcrc no morc SO often called to the house, nor when they came, had the cheare nor counten­ance as tbey were wOOl to haue, the whiche they did well perceiue, and that it was by the meanes and incensing of maister TyndaU, and at the last came 00 morc there.

After that, when there was a sytting of the by­shops comissarie or chaunccIor : And warning was geuen to ye priests to apeare. maisler Tindal was also warned to be there. And whether he bad knowledge by their threa.(t]ning, or yat he did sus­pect yat thei would Jay to his charge. it is not now perfidy in my mynde, but thus he tolde me •• that he doubted their uaminations, so that he in his going thetherwardes prayed in his minde haJtely to God to strengthen him. to stande (aste in the truthe of his worde, so he being there before them, they layde sore to his charge. sayng he was an heretike in Sophistry. an heretike in Logike. an heretike in his diuinitie. and so continueth. But they sayde voto hym, you beare your selfe holdely of the Gentlemen here in this countrey, but you shall be otherwyse talkcd with. Then maisterTyndal aun­swered them. I am ,contcntt that you bryng me where you wyll into anye countrey within England, geuing me x. pound [£ISO] a yeare to lyue with. So you bynde me to nothing but to tcache children and preache. Then had they nothing more to saye to hym, and thus he departed and went home to his maister agayne.

There dwelt not (ar of an olde doctour tha t had bene Acchechauncelour to a bysboppe, the whiche was of olde familiar acquaintaunce with maister Tyndal, who also (auoured him well, to whome

Erasmus at Audomarum (St. Orner] in l SOI. 'It openly taught • . • that the true Christian's re­ligion. instead of consisting in the aceertance of scholastic dogmas/ or the performance 0 outward rites and ceremOnies, really consists in a true self sacrificing loyalty to Christ, h-15 ever l ivin~ Prince; that life is a warfare, and that the Chrisuan must

Fox's SECOND ACCOUNT, 1570.

to his Maister and Lady. Who after they had read and well perused the same, the Doctorly Prelates were no more so often called to the house, neitber bad they tbe cbeare and countenaunce when they came, as before they had. Which tbyng they mark­yng and well perceiuing, and supposing no lesse but it came by the meanes of M. TflJdall, refraYDed them selues,andat last vtterly withdrew themselues, and came no more there.

}J, tbIs grewe on, the Priestes of the countrey c1ustring together, began to R'rudge and storme against Ty1Ulall, rayling agaynst bym in alehouses and other places. Of whom TytUiall him sel( in his prologue before ye first hooke of Moses. • •

[TAl entire P~UJpt is reprilltu/ hll'W.] It folowed not long aner tbis, that there was a

sittyng of tbe bishops Oancellour appointed, aDd warnyng was giuen to the Priestes to appcare: amongest whom AI. TYlldal/ was also warned to bee there. And whether he had any misdoubt by their threatnynges. Or knowledge giuen him that they would lay some thinges to his cbarge, it is vncerteine: but certein this is (as he bym self declared) that he doubted their priuye accusations: so that he by the wayin goyng thetherwardes,cryed in hys mynde hatt[e]ly to God, to ~e him strength fast to stand in the truth of bys worde .

Then when the tyme came of hYs appcaraunce before tbe Chancellour, be threatned him greuously, reuilytlg and ratyog hym as though bee had bene a dogll:e,and layd to his charge manythynges, whereof no accuser yet could be brought forth (as commonly thei r maner is, not to bryng foorth the accuser) not­withstandyng that the Priestes of the countrey the same tyme were there present. [TAis is taRm /"m, IAI prTJUJpt: "t/urlAn- cn.] And thus AI. TytUinll after those exa.min.ations escapyng out of their handes, departed home and returned to his master agayne.

There dwelt not fane of a certaine Doctour that had ben an old Chaunccllour before to a Byshop, who had ben of old familiar acquayntance with M. TpuJall and also fauored hym weU. VnlO

sacrifice his evil lusts and passions, and spend his strength, not in the punuit of his own pleasure. but in active service of his Prince.' F.SEE80HIoI, Tlu O~fl1rd Rt/lWmn's, ~k. , p. 173, Ed. 186g.

I Nct~ 3. p. 9. j Nc/~ 5,P. 9·

WILLIAM TYNDALE'S ANTECEDENT CAREER. 11

F ox's FIRST ACCOUNT, 1563.

maister Tyndall went and op[en,Jed his mynde vpon diuerse questions of the scriptures, (or he dunt boldly open vnto hym his mynde. That auncient doctor saide, do you Dot knowe yat the Pope is the very Antichrist, whiche the scripture speaketh of, but beware what yc saye, (or if you shal be per­ceiued to be of Illat opinioD, it will cost you your lyre, and sayde, I haue bene an officer of his, but I haue geuen it vp and defie him and a ll his workes.

And sone after Maisler Tyndall happened to be in the compaaie of a learned man, and in commun_ ing and disputing with him, droue him to that issue that the learned manne sayde, we were better be without Gods lawe then the Popes: Maisler Tyn­dall hearing that, answered hym, I defie the Pope and all his lawes. and sayde, if God spare my Iyfe crc many yeares, I wyl C3.use a boye that dryueth ye plough, shall knowe more of the scripture then tho.u doest.

(Tlu first a«oud is roiatntly kit" 1u7?, /JS it felts us llu «casion 0/ '''it Repl)': see aWve.]

Shortly after that he required his maister Welche of his good wyll to depart from h'ym, saying to hym. syr: I perceiue that I shal not be suffered to tary long here in this countrey, Dor you shalbe able to kepe me out of their handes, and what dis­pleasure you might haue therby is harde to knowe. for the whiche 1 should be ryght sory. So with the good wyl of his Maister he departed from hym to London, and there laried a whyle and preachcd. But it was not longe after but he departed out of the Realme into Germanic, and there put forthe certame bookes of the olde Testament and the hole newe T estament, into the Englyshe tongue, with other diuerse bookes of his owne compiling. the whiche he sent from thence iDto Englande, wherby

Fox's SHCOND ACCOUNT. J510'

whom Maister Tytulall went and opened hYli mynde vppon diuer! questions of the ScriptUl"C: for to hym hee dunt bee bold to disclose his hart. Vnto whom the Doctour sayd: do you IIOt know that the Pope is very Alltichrist, whom the Scripture speaketh off But beware what you say: for if you sh3.lbc perceiucd to be of that opinion, it will cost you your Iyfe, and sayd moreouer, I haue bene an officer of hys, but I haue gyuen it vp and defie hym and aU hys workes.

It was not loog after, but /If. Tyndall happened to be in the companye of a certayne Diuine recoun­ted for a learned man, and in commoning and dis· puting with hym, hee droue bym to that issue, that the sayd great Dactour burst out into these blas­phemous wordes, and sayd : we were betlef to be without Gods law then the Popes. /If. Tytui411 hearyng this, (ull of godly teale and not bearyng that blasphemous saying, replyed agayne and sayd : I dene the Pope and all hys lawes: ahd further ad­ded that if God spared hym \i(e, ere many yeares he would cause a boy that driueth the plough to know more of the Scripture, then he did,

After this the grudge of the Priestes increasing sti ll more and more against Ti1lliiJll, they neuer ceased barkyng and ratyng at hym, and layd many sore thynges to his charge, saying yat he was an hereticke in Sopbistry, an hereticke in Logicke, and an hereticke in Diuinitie : and sayd moreouerto hym that he bare bym selfe bold of tbe Gentlemen there in that country: but notwithstandyng, shortlY hee should bee otherwise talked withall. To whom M. TYlldallaunsweryng agayne thus sayd: that he was contented they should bryng bim into any C(Iun­trey ill all Engbnd, giuyng him x. Ii , (£r50] a yete to lrue with, and byndyng hym to DO more hut to te:lch children and to preache.

To bee sbort, M. TyJUiall beyng so molested and yexcd in the couotrey by the Priestes, was con­Sl.r.lyned to Jcaue that countrey and to 5Ck~ an other place: and so commyng to M . Welt:1u he desi red hym of bys good will, that hee might (lepalte (rom hym , saying on this wise to bym: Syr, I perceaue I shall not bee suffered to tUfe long here in this countrey, neither shal you be hable though you would, to kepe me out of the handes of the spiri tu­altie, and also what d ispleasure might crow thereby to you by kepyng me, God knoweth: for the whiche 1 should be right sory. So that in fine, M_ Tytuiall with the good will of his master, departed and ertsooncs came vp to Loadon, and there preached a while, attordyng as hee had dOlie ia tbe countrey

B 2

12 W ILLIA M TYNDALE'S A NTE CEDE NT CAREER.

F ox's F IRST ACCOUNT, 1563_

sence thankes be geuen to God, the dore of Iyght in to the scriptures, hath and dailie is more and more opened vnlO '¥S, the whiche before: was many yearc:& dosed in darkenes. pp. 513"*4. Ed. 1563.

Fox's Se:COND A CCOUNT, '570.

before, and specially about the town of Bristowe, and also in the sayd towne, in the common place called Saint AusUns Greene,' .JJ. IU~-S. Ed. 1510.

3. Earlier than the testimony of the Author of the Memorandum preserved by Fox, is the evidence that comes out in the ' trouble' of Humphrey Monmouth. In answer to twenty-four articles of heresy charged against him, in May, 1528, Monmouth wrote to Wolsey and the Council the following petition, here reprinted from J. Strype's Ecclesiastical Memorials, I., Part II., Pt. 363- 7, Ed. 1822 ; who gives it verbatim: the originals themselves are in H arl. MS., 425, Articles 4 and S.

UlltD t/~ most hDuQraole Lord Lertrle , alld Clurllullor of Encland, mul tD tI,e AD1UJraole CDlmul 1mtD )'DIW Suiferai" Lord, Klirr H ellry VIII. flu x u/A day Df May, and i" tAe xxlA yere Df his raig-1le; cesr(IIl'ur Your Grau, and al my lords ""d masters , tD have pi/ie Oil me, jJtMr pilotur ill. flu Towre of Londo1l, fit y our p luure.

TH E xiiiith d:\y of May, and in the yere abovesaid, Sir Thomas Moore, Knight , and Sir William Kingeston, Knight, and of the K inges noble CounsaiIJ , sent (or me unto Sir J ohn Dauncies, and of the same Counsail1 , and there they examyned me what letters and what books I receved lately from beyond the seas, and I said, None, nor never had of trewthe. And what exhibition I did give to any bodie beyond the sea. I said, None in three yeres past: and examyned me, whether I was acquaynted with many persons' Of the which r was acquaimed with none of them to my knowledge and remembrance. I told them in iiii yeres past I did give unto a Priest called Sir' William Tyndal, otherwyse c:nlled Hotchens. And then Sir Thomas Moore and Sir William Ken[,)yston had me home to my house, and serched it, and saw al the letters and books in my howse to my knowledg, by my faith: and there they found no lett res that they regarded, nor Ynglish books but five or six printed, the which they regarded not; and they left them with me as they found them. And from thence I went again to Sir J ohn Dauneys , my special good master, and he brought me the same day to the Towre of London, and delivered me unto Sir Edmonde 'Val.~yngham, Kt., and Lyftenant of the T owre.

Upon iiii yeres and a half past , and mote,' I herde the foresaid Sir Will iam preach ii or iii sennons .a t St . Don5tone, in the west , in London; and after that I chaunced to meet with him, and with com­munication I cxamyned what Iyving he had. He said he had none at all, but he trusted to be with my Lord of London in his service. And thenore I had the better fan tasy to him, And afterward he went to my Lord and spake to him, as he told me, and my L. of London answered him, that he had Chaplaiaes inough, and he said to him, that he would have no mOte at tha t tyme. And so the Priest came

1 Every preaching trip to Bristol involved a thirty miles' walk, fifteen each way.

S Priests, a t this time and previously, received the title of Sir, as a !!lark of respeCt ; as we now designat<e laymen, Esquire.

S T his fixe s precisely the date of Tyndale's comins: to London. H e must have begun to preach immedl' ately on arrival. Monmouth spoke with him be/ort! he applied to Tonsta!!. • Four yeres and a halfe past' wO\lld be 19th November, 1523 ; ' andmore'would, at the latest. place Tyndale'sjoumey totown in October of that year. He stays with Monmouth six months according to Monmouth's account, who would naturally represent his stay as shott as possible: • almost an yere' he says himself, see page 16_

• In four yeres past ' Monmouth did give exhibition unto Tyndale ; • I did paie it him, when he made his exchange to H amborow.' ThereforeTyndaie left England about May 1524. 'Within a year after he sent for his [other] ten pounds to me from H am­borow, and thither 1 sent it him'; say about March 1525. Tyndale Iherefore IcCt Hamburgh for Cologne in the summer of IS'S' H e probably stayed not long there; but being discnvered . he escaped with Roy up the Rhine, and came to Worms about September 1525; and then and there working unremittingly­the actual translation being probably already finished-saw the two editions thTO\lgh the press, by the end of that year •

WILLIAM T YNDALE'S ANTECEDENT CAREER. 13

to me ag:aine, and besought me to help him, and so I took him into my house half a yett: and there he lived like a good Priest, as methought. H e studied most part of the day and or the night, at his book;1 and he would eat but sodden meat by his good wil, nor drink but small sinj!;le beer. I never saw him weare linnin about him in the space he was with me. I did promys him xl. sterling [£150] , to praie (or my father and mother there sowles, and'al Christen sowles. 1 did paie it him, when he made his exchange to Hamborow. Afterwards he gol of some other men xl. sterling [.elSO] more, the which he left with me. And within a yere afttr he sent for his ten pounds to me from Hamborow: and thither I sent it him by onc Hans Coltenbeke, as I remember is his name, a merchant of the Stilyard. And since I never sent him the value of one peny, nor never wil. I haue given more exhibitions to skollers in my dayes, than to that Priest. Mr. Doctor Royston, Chaplen to my Lord of London, hath cost me more than XL or L pounds sterling [£600 or £750]. And also Mr. D octor Wwderal, Provinciall of Friar Austynes, hath cost me as much, or more. Mr. Doctor \Vatson, Chaplain to the Kings good Grace, hath cost me some­what, and somewhat I have given to skollers at his request, and to divers priests and fryers: ant.! yf any of those other should chaunce to turn, as that Priest hath done, as God forbid, were I to blame for giving them exhibition ?

The foresaid Sir William left me an English book, called Endlirjdio".1 The which book the Abbes of Dcnnye desyred yt of me, and I sent yt to her. And that howse hath cost me more than L pounds sterling [£7,50]. I could reherse many more. I do not say this because I wold be praised, as God Knoweth, but bicause your Gr. and my Lords of the Counsell should know that I have spent more for the love of Cod, after the counsil of good Doctors, than of tlult one Priest.

Another book 1 had of the same copie:2 a Frier of Grenwich desired yt of me, and 1 gave yt him. 1 think my Lord of Rochester hath it. I had two books in English wrytten ; the one was called the Pater Noster, an old book.1 H ow yt came tomy howse, on my faith I cannot te!; and the other book is called Dt Libtrlalt Christiana." I receved him of one Arnold, a yong man that is gone'into Spain to a gentle­m.:ln whose name is Mr. Woodall, tlult went with Sir J ohn Wingfe!d, Kt. Embassador into SPa-ine. I delivered those two books to the Father Confessor of Sion. And also I delivered him a book of the N. Testament, the which book my L. of London had. Also, I had a litle treatise, that the Priest sent me, when he sent for his mony. And all those books, save the books of the N. Testament, laye openly in my house for the space of two yeres or more, that every man might rede on them that would, at thei r pleasure. I never harde priest, nor fryer, nor lay man find any great fault in them. And so I trust in our Lord God, that your good Grace, nor none of my lords and masters of the Kings noble Councel, wil find any great faults in any of them, when it shal please your Gr. or any of the Councel to read them or hear them. And 50 1 trust in our Lord God I shal be gyltless for any evil books, or any other thing that hath been surmysed wrongfully on me. And yf mine accusers be wei examined, pemdventure they should be found more fawlty than J shal be, when the trewth shal be known.

I have shewed the book called The E"chiridhm to Mr DQCtor \Vatson, and to Mr Doctor Stochouse, Parson of Lauame, [Lavenham,l in Suffolk, and to many other, that never found fault in him to my

I i.e. Studying: but undoubtedly his chief book was the New l'e~tament . • And even in the bisshope of londons house I entended to h.·we done it,' see p. 16. Once ensconced in Monmouth's house, he appears to have ceased to preach and to ha\'e devoted himself unremittingly to the task of trans­lation : and that work he continued-singlehanded doing lhis great task-for the next two years, as he says, • even very necessitie and combraunce tGod is recorde) aboue strength • • • eaused that many thynges are bck)'nge.' So that the re re­mained but to polish hiS version; and to see it correctly printed.: when Tyndale was able to make arrangements for the secret impression at Cologne, and to obtain Roy's assistance in coilating, etc.

I Evidently copies by Monmouth's amanuensis, • my servant that' did write,' of TyndaIe's transla· tion of Erasmus' book.

I Evidently some old English exposition or para·

phrase of the Lord's Prayer. Tyndale, in his A nswcrt to flfore states that the Bishop of London (Fit~ James] • wold haue made the old deane Colet [d. 16 Sept. 15191 of raules an heretyke/ for trans­btynge the Pater noster in englyshe/ had not the bysshope of canterbury holpe the deane.' /01. 104. 6.

i ThiS is the title of a tract by Luther, first published with his leiter to Pope Leo X., dated 6 Sept. 1520, in Latin, at Wittenberg, in 1520, in which year two 410 editions were printed there, one occupyina: 18, the other 21 leaves. Luther again printed It there In 1521, in an edition of 20 leaves.

The tract is written on these two propositions . I. A Chdstian man i4 a molt /ru lord rif aii, 1I11o/ccJ t o "OIU. 2. A Christian m41J i.r a most dutifulse1"Vant 0/ all, .rub/tet to all. Monmouth appears to have h::.d a • wryuen' English transla­tIon of one of these Latin editions.

14 WILLIAM TVNDALE'S ANTECEDENT CAREER.

knowledg: and to the Father Confessor or Syon. and to hlr Martyn, Priest and Parson of Totingcbekc. And also the other two books, called the P(l/~" Nos/~,. and D~ Likrtate Christiann., I think they looked them most part over, and they found no fault at them. But in one of them, De Li/Jerlate Chn'$Iiatra. they said, there was in him things somewhat hard, except the reader were wyse. And by my faith there was a1 the fault that ever I herde of them. If I had thought tht-y had not been good, or put any mistrust in any ofthem, I would not have shewed them openly to so many mcn as I did. But mine accusers unto YOUf noble Gr. I think did never read them over: and yf they did, they were to blame, that they had Dot

the order of charity with them. And yf they had shewed me, that they had been nought or evil books, yf they had been lemed, I would have given credence to them, and done them immediately away. And y( lhad then kept them, and they had complayned, then I had bene worthy to have bene punysiled. 1 pray GOO (orgive them, as I would be (orgeven my scI(.

When I harde my Lord o( London! preach at Pawles Cross, that Sir William Tyndal had translated the N. Testament into English, and was noughtilie translated, that was the first time that ever I suspected or knew any evil by him. And shonely after, al the lettres and treat yes that he sent me, with dyvers

. copies of books that my servant did write, and the sermons that the Priest did make at St. Dunstoncs, I did burne them in my hawse. He that did write them did se it. I did burne them (or (ear or the translator, more than ror any yllthat I knew by them.

tr it like your Grace, for this imprisonment I have uth:rly lost my name, and also my litle credence , which I had, ror ever. The which is the greatest loss, and the more sorrow and shame, that ever I had in my Iilfe. I occupy with divers clothe· men in Suffolk, and in other places. The which have wekely some o( them, as they send up their clothes, most have their mony. And y( they (ail o( their monye, they say, they cannot set the poore (olks aworke. There is divers clothe-men, the which I buy al their clothes that they make. And y£ they should go offer them to sci to other men now at tbis time, they wold bid them go and sci where they were wont to sci, when the sale was good; and so the poor men should have great loss. I wa.~ wont to scI (or most part every yete iiii or v hundred clothes to strangers, which was worth to the Kinges Gr. in hiscustomes, more than though I had shipped. over mysel( five times so many.s. I was wont betwixt Chrystmas and Whytsontide to sci most part of them. And o( trewthe as yet since Chrystmas, I have sold but Jl[xii clothes, nor I send over none, nor no man :u:eth (or none: I praye God amend it, whan yt shal please him. And y( I leye here in prison long, I cannot belp my selr more, nor none other man but shal be utterly undon for ever: and if your Gr. be not good 2Ild merciful unto me . God is merciful, and wil rorgive them that be penitent, and :ueth (orgivenes. I trust in the Lord I have not olfended your Gr. nor none o(my lords nor masters o( the Kinges noble Counsail, willingly. n9r to my knowledg. And yf I have, I besecbe your good Gr. and al my lords aDd masters, to (orgive me, as you wou1d that God should rorgive you.

Vf I had broken most part o( the Ten Commandments of God, being penitent, and confesscd, [I sbould be forgiven,] by reason of certen vardons that I have, the which my company and I had graunted when we were a t Rome, going to Jerusalem, of the holly Father the Pope, <I ~ and <I Ojlpa, (or certain t imes in the yere. And that I trust in God I receved at Easter last past; (unhermote I rece"ed, when your Gr. was last at Pawles, I trust in God, your pardon o( <I :Ja1lfZ. and <lOjIJp ; the which I beleve verily, y( I had don never so great offences, being penitent and confessed, 2Ild alling (orgiveness, that I 6hould have (orgivenes. BescchiDg your Gr. and al my lords and masters.to pardon me 2Ild to (orgive me, as I . hal be your poor headman during my liffe : and that the hi. Trinitie, and our bi. lady Saint Marie, and al the holly company o( heaven, may help you al at your most neede ill vertue and grace, A""n. I beseche your Gr. and al my lords and masters, to pardon me o( my tude wry tinge and termcs. I am unlerned ; my witt is no better_

By your poor bedman and prysoner at your Gr's pleasure, Humfrye }Jumnouthe, Draper of London.

1~;reJe1ltifZ. reveretuiipa.lm i~ ChrullICutlJJerli LtutdonEpucoji, Hum/ndus MI",,,,out" r~copu:ovil se sc";psust ula.lrt:fZ.rltu.1

1 Tonstall returned rrom Spain in the first week o( April 1526. I am una ... le to fiJI[ the date of this scrmon; to which we sball find so many references: it is a central date in this history, and should i(

possible be recovered . • An appeal to the lOng's pocket_ s Monmouth, having many(riends, was let out of

the Tower. He became Sheriff o( London in 1535.

WiLLIAM TYNDALE'S ANTECEDENT CAREER. 15

Whet1"! er this petition represent the religious opinions of Monmouth at its date j or whether it be a most subtle representation of all those of his acts which harmonized most with "the shibboleths pf the older' faith '; may now perhaps be hard to determine. But it is clear that he~ceforth he turned more and more to the Reformation. In his remarkable will, dated 16th November, 1537, is the following provision:-

And I wyl that my Lord Byshop of Worcester [i.e. H <lgb Latimer], Doctor Barnes, Doctor Crome, and Mayster Tayllour [AU four ultra-Protestants] shal preach in my parysh·church aforesayd (Alhallowes in Barkynge of London], every week two sermonds, ty! they have preached among them xxx. sermonds : and I wyl gyve them (or every sermonde lCiiir. iiiid. Lelo]. And yf any of these foresayde persons cannot be there to preach these sermonds, than I wyi that the other supplie his place, that shal be absent : so that after they have begonne to preach, (which I wold have them do immediatlyafter my buryal,) they shal ..:ontynue wekely every welte, tyl the said xxx. sermonds be al preached, except there be an urgent calise, a llowed by myn e:xecutours and supervisour, to the contrary. And that" this thing may be perfourmed the better, I bequeihe to eyther of myn especial and singular good Lords, Syr Thomas Audeley, Knyght, Lord Chauncellour, and Syr Thomas Cromwel , Knyght, Lord Crumwel, a standyng cup of sylver and gylte, of the value of x. pounds [£J50], that they may be good Lords to these foresayd preachers, to helpe them and maynteyne them, that they be suffered to preach the forsayd sermonds quietly, to the laud and prayse of Almyghty God, to the settyng forth of my Prynces goc;l ly·and hevenly purposes, to the' utter abolyshyng and elCtincting of the usurped and false fayned power of the Byshop of Rome.I-STRYI'K, Eccles. Mm, . I . Part II., I. 369., Ed. IS" .

1,.. Yet still more authoritative, is the ac~ount by Tyndale of himself. In what is usually known as his preface to the Pentateuch, but which is actually that to The fyrst boke of Moses called Genesis, the printing of which book at Marburg was finislled on 17th January, 1531 j Tyndale cautiously refers to his early life ; without naming th9se of his friends, whom to name would have been to have thrown in prison. We give the preface entire.

w. T. To the Reader.

l\1Hen I had translated the newe testament/ I added a pistle·vnto the latter eode/ In which I desyred

them yat were learned to amend if ought were founde amysse. But oure malicious and wylye hypocrytes which are so stubbume and hard herted in their weked abhominacions that it is not possible for them- to amend any thinge a t all (as we see by dayly e:xperience when their both

lyvinges and doinges are rebuked with the trouth) sayel some of them that it is impossible to translate the scripture in to English/ some that it is not lawfull for the laye people to have it in their mother tonge/ some that it wold make them all heretykes/ as it wold no doute from many thinges which they of longe tyme have falsly taught/ and that is the whole cause wherfore they forbyd itl though they other c10kes pre­ten de. And some or rather every onel saye that it wold make them ryse ageynst the kingel whom they them selves (mto theirdamnatyon) never yet obeyed, And leste these temporall rulars shuld see their falsehod/ if the scripture cam to light/ causeth them so to lye.

And as for my translation in which ·they afferme vnto the taye people (as I haue hearde saye) to be I wotte not how many thousande heresyesl so that it can not be mended or correcte/ they haue yet taken so greate payne to eJt:amyne itl and to cOmpare it vnto that. they wold fayne haDe it and to their awne imagi­nations M.d iuggl inge termesl and to haue some what to rayle atl and vnder that cloke to blaspheme the

I Thirty sermons remunerated at £10 each, and two silver gilt cups of £ ISO each, making together £600 devoted to Jl seven months' protest against the Papacy: such is the benefaction of this

large hearted and openhanded man, who thus bequeathed a legacy of £ 15 to each of his (our favourite preachers, upon the performance of, to them, a congenial and easy duty.

16 WILLIAM TYNDALE'S AN TECEDENT CAREER.

treuth/ that they myght with as litle laboure (as I suppose) haue translated the moste parte of the bible. For they which in tymes paste were wont to loke on no more scripture then they founde in their duns or soch like deveiysh doctryne/ haue yet DOW' so narowiye loked on my translatyon/ that there is not so moch as one I therin if it lacke a lytle over his hed/ but they haue noted itf and, !lombre it vnto tbe ignorant people for an heresy. Fynallye in Ihis they be all agreed/ to dryve you from the"knowledge of the scripture/ and that ye shall not haue the textc therof in the mother longeJ and to kepe the world styli in darkenesse/ to th[e]entent they might sitt in the consciences orlhe people/ thorQw vayne superstition and false doctrine/ to satisfye their (ylthy lustes/ their proude ambition/ and 'Insatiable covetuousnesl and to exalte their awne honoure aboue kinge and emperourel yee and aboue god him silfe.

([ A thousand hokes had they lever to be put forth agenste their abhominable doynges and doctrine/ then that the scripture shulde come to light. For as longe as they may kepe that dounel they will so darken the ryght way with the miste of their sophistrye/ and so tangle them that either rebuke or despyse tbeir abhominations with argumentes of philosophye and with worldly symylitudes and apparent reasollS of na turall wisdom. And with wrestinge the scripture 'Into their awne purpose clene contrarye vnto ye processe/ order and meaninge of the texte/ and so delude them in descantynge vppon it with al1igoryes/ and amase them expoundinge it in manye senses before the vnlemed laye people (when it ha th but one simple Iitterall sense whose light the owles can not abyde) tha t though thou feale in thyne harte and arte sure how that all is false yat they saye/ yet coudeste thou not solve their sotle rydles.

([ Which thinge onlye moved me to translate the new testament. Because I had perceaved by ex­peryence/ how that it was impossible to stablysh the laye people in auy truth except/ ye scripture were playnly layde before their eyes in their mother tonge! that they might se the processe/ Oldre and meaninge of the texte : for els what so ever truth is taught them/ these ennymyes of 3.1\ truth qwench it ageyne/ partly.with the smoke of their bottoDllesse pytte wherof thou read est apocalipsis. ix. that is/ with apparent reasons of sophistrye and tradi tions of their awne makyngef founded with out grounde of scripturel and partely in iugglinge with the texte/ expoundinge it in soch a sense as is impos:sible to gether of the texte/ if thou see the processe orore and meaninge therof.

([ And even in the bisshope of londons house I entended to have done iL 1 For when I was so turmoyled in tIle contre where I was that I coude no lenger there dwell (the processe wherof were to longe here to reherce) I this wyse thought in my silfe/ this I suffre because the prestes of the contre be vnlearned/ as god it knoweth there. are a full ignorant sorte which haue sene no more Jatyn then that they read in their portesse, and missales which yet many of them can scacely read (except it be A loer/us tk SIC1'IJiS ffluiilt'lI1n in which ye~ though they be never so , oryly lerned/ they pore day and night and make notes therein and all to teach the rnydwyves as they say/ and /inwod. a boke of cunstitutions to gether tithes/ mortuaryes/ offeringes/ customs! and other pillage/ which they callel not theirs but/ godes parte and the deuty of holye chirchl to discharge their consciences 'With all: for they are bound that they shall not dimynysh, but encreace all thinge vnto the vttmost of their powers) and thereore (because they nrc thus vnJerned thought I) when they come to gedder to the alehouse/ which is their preachinge place/ they afferme that my sainges are heresy. And besydes yM they adde to of thir owne heddes which I never spake / as the maner is to prolonge the talc to shorte(n] the tyme with all/ and accuse me secr~tlyto the chaunceJare and other the hishopes officersj And in deade when I cam before the chauncelare/ be thretened me grevously/ aud revyied me and rated me as though I had bene a doggej and layd to my charge wherof there coude be none accuser brought forth (as their maner is not to bringe forth the accuser) and yet all the prestes of ye contre were yat same daye there. As J this thought the bisbope of london came to my remembrance whom Erasmus (whose tonge maketh of litle gnattes greate elephantcs and lineth vpp aboue the starres whosoever gevet.h him a litle exhibition] prayseth excedingJy amonge other in his annotatyons on the new testament for his great learninge. Then thought I I if I might come to this ' mannes service/ I were happye. And so I gate me to londonj and thorow the accoyntaunce of

1 H ow T onstall must have gnashed when he read this. alld recalled to mind the person and manner of T yndale a t their interview nearly five yeats before I

~ Tit, PrMli'l&l'n/ Ctmstiltltic1u 0/ t ltl! Eng/is" Chunk. in Latin, were compiled byWilliam.Lynde '

wode, [who became Bi~hop of St. Davids , 14 Aug. 1 44~; was Lord Privy Seal to Henry V.; and.died. ~l Oct. 1446) about 1433. It was one of the earliest printed books in England; and several editions were printed at Paris before 1520.

W ILLIAM TYN DA LE'S ANTECEDENT CARE E R. 17

OlY maste r came to sir harry gilford the 1.:inges graces C(lunt",llerj and brought him an oration of !socrates which 1 had translated out of g reke in to English! and dcsyred him to speake vnto my !arde of london (or mel which he also dId as he shewed mel and willed me 10 write a pistle 10 my lordc/ and to goo to him my silf which I alsodidJ and delivered my pistlc 10 a servant of his awne/ one wyllyam hebilthwaytc, a man or myne old accoyntaunce. But god which knoweth. what is within hypocrites! sawe that I w~ begylcd/ and that that counccl! was not the Dex tc way voto my purpose. And thennrt he gate me no (a,voure in my Jordes sight.

e[ Wherevppon my lorde answered mel his house was full I he had rno then he coude well .linde} and advised me to seke in london/ wher he $lyd I wude not lacke a service' And $0 in london I abode almoste an yerel and marked the course of the worldel a nd hcrde our pratars/ I wold say oure preaehe~ how they basted them selves and their hye authoritel and beheld the pompe of oure prelates and how besyed they were as they yet are} to set peace and vnite in the worlde (though it be not possible for them that walke in darkenessc to continue longe in peace/ for the y can not but ether stomble or dash the m selves at one thinge or a nother that shall clene vnquyet alltogedder) and sawe thinges wherof I deferre to speake at this tyme and vnderstode at the laste not only that there WllS no rowme in my lorde of londons palace to translate the new testament/ but also that there was DO place to do it in all englonde/ as experience doth now openly declare. •

([ Vnder what maner therfore shuld I now submitte this hoke to be corrected and amended of theml which can suffer nothinge to be well! Or what protestacyon shuld I make in soch a matter vnto our p~lates those stu bburne Nimrothes which $0 mighteiy fiRht agenste god and resiste his holy spiritel enforceynge with a ll CQfte and sllteite to qwench the light of the everlastinge testamentl promysesj' and apoyntemente made betwene god and vs: a nd heapinge the firee wra th of god vppon all princes and ruJarsi mockinge them with false fayned names of hypocrysye/ and servinge their 11Lstes at all poyntes} a nd dispensinge with them even of Ihe vcry lawes of god/ of which Christe him silf testifieth Matthew. v. yat not so moch as one titt le theroi may peflish or be broken. And of which the propheie sayth Psalme. cxviij. Thou haste eommaunded thy lawes to be keple m tl1d/ yat if> in hebrew ucedingiy/ with all diligence might and pawed and haue made them $0 mad with their iugs:linge charmes and crafty persuasions that t hey tmnke it fu ll sat isfaction for all their weked Iyvinge( to torment soch as tell them trouth/ and to borne the warde of their soules helth andsle whosoever beleve theron.

([ Not withstondinge yet I submytte this hoke and all other that I haue other made or translated, or shall in tyme to come (if it be goddes will that I shall further laboure in his hervest) vnto a!! them tha t 5ubmytte them selves vnto the worde of godl to be corrected of theml yee and mo~over to be disalowed and also bumte/ ifit seme worthy when they have examyned it wyth the hebrue/ $0 that tbey first put fonh of their awne lfanslatinge a I10ther that is more correcte.

5. It will help us to understand what manner of man Tyndale was, if we consider the account that Fox gives of him, at a period some eight or ten years later on, in his Lif~, prefixed to the edition of his fVorka (London, ' 573, fol.) above referred to.

And here to ende and conclude this history with a fewe notes touching his p riuate behauiour in dyet, study , and e~pecia!!)' his charitable zeale and tender releu ing of Ihe poore: "yrst he was a man very fruga!!, and spare of body, (Fox had previously slated that Tyndale was' a man of no great stature '1 a great $ludent and earnest laborer , namely in the setting forth of ye Scriptu res oC God. He reserued or halowed to hymselCwij. dayes in the weeke, which he named his dayes of paf>tim~, and those dayes were Monllay the first day in the ",eeke, and Satterday the last day :n the weeke. On the Monday he visited a!! suche poore men and women as were fled out of England by reason of persecution into Antwarp, a n,j those well vnderstanding their good exercises and qualities he did very liberally comfort and relieue: and in like maner prolLided (or the sicke and desea.o;ed persons. On the Saucrday he walked round about the towne in Antwarpe, seeking out euery Corner, and h.>le· where he suspected any poore person to dwell, (as God knoweth there a re manr) and where he found any to be well occupied, and ye t ouerburdened ..... ith children, or e1s were aged, or weake , those al$O hee plentefully releued. And thus he 5pent his ij. dayes of pastime as he cauled them. Azld truelyc his Alnlose was very large and great : and so it might well bee :

C

18 THE PRINTING AT COLOGNE.

(or his exhibition that he had yearJeyof the Englisht merc:hauntes was very much, and that for the most pan he bestowed vpon the poore as a fore sayd. The rest of the dayes in the wecke he gaue hym wholy to his booke where in most diligently he tralleled. When the Sonday came, then went he to some onc merchaunts chamber, or other, whether carne many other merchauDtes: and vnto them would he reade some one percell of Scripture. cyther out of the olde testament, or out of the new, the which proceded so fruIt fully, sweetely and gentcly'from him (much like to the writing of S . lohn the Euangelest) that it was a heauenly comfort and ioy to the audience to heart him reade the $Cnptures: and in likewise after d inner, he ~pent an houre in the a foresayd maner. He was a man without any spot, or blemishe of rancor. or malice, full of mercy and compassion, so that no man Iiuing was able to reprooue him of any kinde of sinne or cryme, albeit his righteousnes and iusti fication depended not there vpoD before God. but onely vpon the bloud of Christ, and h is fayth vpon the same: in ... ·hich iaith constantly he dyed, as is sayd at Filforde [VilvordeJ . and now resteth with ~he glorious campany of Christes Martyrs blessedly in tho Lord, who be blessed in all bis saintes Amen.

Thus much from friends: the next testimony comes from a bitter enemy.

II. The Printing at Cologne. Great allowance must be made in considering this hostile testimony, in

respect both to the ignorance and the animus of Roman Catholic writers, in matters connected with the vernacular translation of the New Testament. Guessing causes for that, the occasion of which they were ignorant of, they hazarded all manner ot statements contrary to the fact : while as to motives, they could see, or at the least would acknowledge little that was upright and noble in the Reformers.. Making, however, all necessary deductions, we shall recover much valuable information through these antagonistic writers. .

1. J OHN DOBNECK, surnamed COCHLJEUS, an incessant pamphleteer, and virulent antagonist to Luther, in a controversy with Alexander Ales of Scotland, as to the free reading of the Scriptures, printed a letter to James V. of Scotland, (Colophon dated Dresden, vi. Idus Junij [10 June] 1533,) of which the title is An ~xpediat !aids, legere Noui Testallltnti libros lingua vernacula? 'Whether it be expedient for the laity to read the books of the New Testament in the native tongue?' In which occurs his earliest printed reference to the secret printing at Cologne.

COC H l.J£US· F IRST ACCOU NT.

Etenim ante annas octo,duo ex Anglia Apost:ttz:, qui Vuittenbergae Teutbonicam edocti linguam, Lu­theri nouum tesb.mentum in linguam Anglicanam uerteranl , Coloniam Agrippinam uenerunl, tanquam ad urbem AngHae uic:iniorcm, mercatuque .eel~ briotem, et nauig ijs ad transmittendum aptiorem. ibique post rusticorum tumultum aliquamdiu I lati-

1 'The revolt of the peasants began on Igth J uly, 1524.' It ' spread with inconceivable rapidity from

TItAN5LATION.

And indeed eight years ago, two apostates from England, who having learnt the German language at Wittenbel'l had translated Luther'~ew Testa­ment into English, came to Cologne, being a eity nearer to England, more frequented by commerce, and better furn ished with boats for conveyance : and there, living in conce.alment for some timel

Suabia to the districts on the Rhine, and 1I1to Fran­conia, Thuringia, and Suony. All these counuies

THE PRIN TING AT COLOGNE. 19

COCHL)£IJS' ,.IRST ACCOUNT.

tantes, c:onduxcrunt sibi in occulto Chalcographos, u t mox primo aggressu tria milia exempl::uium imprimerent, Cumquc eo in opere alacriter ingenti spe procedcrent, iactitabanl consc.j Bibliopolae et Cbalcographi, totam Angliam breui (ore Luthe­ranam, uelint nolint Rex et Cardinali!. Id ego into::l!igens. premonui quosdam Anglorum Regi fidelts, qui et senatus authoritate malignam iIIorom machinationem interceperunt, ct Regcm tanti peri­culi per literas admonuerunt. Vnde factum est, lit ea iacula, fa:! iciter prz:uisa, non potucmnt ferire incautos, de quibus tantopere gloriati {uerant Lu­lhcrani. A. vi.

TRANSLATION.

after the riots of the peasantry. they secretly hired printers to print at first )000 copies. As tbey pro. «eded eagerly and hopefully in tbe work, the booksellers and printers who knew of it bouted that the whole 0" England would shortly be Lu­theran, whether the king and cardinal wished it or not. Hearing of this, I warned some faithful servants of the king of England. who by authority of the senate inter<;epted the evil design and warned the king by letter of. the danger. Thus it happened, that these weapons, happily 'foreseen, could not strike un3.wares the people or whom the Lutherans had bol sted SO highly.

2. Cochlreus wrote De matrimonio strenissimi Regis Anglia, H enrici Odavi, Congratulalio distutaloria (Colophon dated Lipsire, Feb. '535): to which Sir Richard Morison replied in his ApomQxis Calu1nniarum ;: Cochlai contra Henry -VIII. (Colophon dated London ' 537): to which work Cochlreus rejoined with Scopa in oral/eas Richardi Mot'ysini Allgli (Colophon dated Lipsire, March 1538) . In this last work, Cochlreus again alludes to th~ printing at Cologne.

COCHLAtUS' SItCOND ACCOUNT.

Ego uero Morysine Re,ll:em tuum non segniter laudaui, dum laude digna f3.ceret. Et possem pro­{eab multo iust1uS e i ingratitudinis dic:am scribcre, quam tu ~sari nostro Opt. ae sanaiss. Principi. Nam anno Domini M.D.XXV. cum essem pauper et eltul per seditiosos plebis et rusticorum tumultus. Coloma: constitutus, non solum indic:aui ei per epistolam priuatam occuhas duorum Anglorum contra regnum suum machinationes improbas, quibus Lutheri Testamentum nouum in Anglicanam linguam uersum,Colonioz excudc:batur, ut in Angliam. in multis milibus occuhe transmitteretur, Verum etiam et pubtice nuncupaui ei subsequente max altero anno XI I. libros Ruperti Tuitiensis in Apocalypsim Ioannis, et librum plurium eiusdem Ruperti opusculorum bene compactum, dono trans­mlSl. I pse uero ad haec omnia perpetub mutus ad me ac dissimulator permansit, paupertaUs et exilij ni"ei prorsus immemor, Iicet eo tempore Lutherana: secta: infensissjmus esset hostis et aduer.;.arius. Vt mihi tunc suomet iudicio non minus pro iIIo indicio meo de duobus Anglis. in regni tran­quillitatem male machinantibus, debueri t, quam

had revolted in J anuary, t 525.' D'Aubignl!, Hut. tiftluRif_tWIf, ii. 343; Ed. 1855. The revolt wa.I finall y suppressed by the defeat, OD ISth May,

TRANSLATION, BY MR. C. ANDERSON. --

Dut, Morysin, I was not slow to praise your King, when he did things that were worthy of praise; and I could immediately write against him a charge of ingratitude , much more justly than you can against ourexcellcnt Emperor a nd most sacred Prince. For in the year of our Lord MDXXV. when I was poor, and by the seditions of the people and tumult of the rustics settled an exile of Cologne. not only did I discover to him, by a private epistle, the secret wicked machinations of two Englishmen against his kingdom, by whom the New Testament (of Luther) translated inlO the English language, was printed at Cologne, that it might be transmitted secretly, in many thousands into England: But I also forthwith, in the next year, publici¥ dedicated to him xii. Books of Rupert of Deua, on the Apo­calypse of John, and I sent him, as a present, a book, well bound, consisting of the greater part 01 the small works of the said Rupert. Dut, notwith· standing all these things, he still remained silent, and took no notice of me, altogether unmindful 01 my poverty and exile, although at that time he was a most determined enemy and opposer of the

1525. of the peasants. by Philip, the Landgrave of Hesse. Coc:hla:us places Tyndale's residence at Cologne 50me time after the tumults.

- C •

20 THE PRINTING AT COLOGNE.

COCHLJF.(JS· SECON'D ACCOUNT.

:Mard()(:h~o debuit Assuerus pro indicio quod is de duobus Eunuchis Rep pcriclita.uu per Hester iuinuauerat. B. ij.

TRANSLATION, BY MR. C. A""OKRSON'.

Lutheran sect. So, then, tven in his own estimation, he was indebted to me, for that discovery of mint, concerning the two Englishmen, ploning wickedly against thc peace of his kingdom: not less than Ahasucrus was indebted to Mordecai, for the dis­covery, which, through E sther, he uftbosomcd to the King, when in j eopardy from his two cunucht. A "nah 0/ 1M Eng. Bi/!/,: i. 61. Ed. J84$.

3. But the fullest account of tne secret impression given to us by Cochlceus is in his history De Actis d Scriptis Marlini Lutheri, printed at St. Victor's Mount, a monastery near Mayence [Moguntium] 1549, wherein under the year 15261 occurs the following most important passage,

COCHLA3: US' Tllum ACCOUNT.

Verum Duo Angli Apostatz, qui aliquandiu . (uerant Vuiu enbergz:,' nOD solum quaerebant l ubuertere Mercatos 5UOS, qui eos oceulte in exilio (ouebant et alebant: Verum etiam cunctos Angliac populos, uolente nolente Rege, breui per nouum Lutheri Testamentum,' quod in Anglicanam traduxerant Iinguam, Lutherano! fore sperabant. Venerant iam Coloniam AgTippinam, ut. Testa· mentum sic traductum, per Typographos in multa Mili:'!. multiplicatum, occulte sub a1ijs 'mercibus deueherent inde in ADgliam. Tanta enim cis erat rei bene gerendz: fidu cia, ut primo agressu peterent a Typographis, Sex Milia sub praclum dan. 1m autem subuerentes, ne grauissimo 'afficerentur damno, si quid aduer'5i accideret, tantum Tria Milia f sub praclum miserunt.: Quae si (aJiciter uenderentur, f:'lcile possent imprimi denuo. lam literas ad Sanctos, qui sunt in Anglis, przmiserat Pomeranus,l et ad Regem quoque scripserat ipse

1 Cochlacus, wntmg 23 years a ft er the event, summarises events CrORI their perspective at that distance of time . He , roups matters together which occurred over a penod of several year!>, as if they were but the stages in a vast preconceived plot, 10 subtle and far-reaching as to require even dia· bolic powers of invention and construct ion; instead of, as in truth and Cact, the uncombined elTon s oC many men who strove to bring the system oCwhich he was the advocate, down to the dust. The date 1526 is no contradiction. (or his main story is the public:'!.tion of the work~ofthe Abbot Rupertu5, the publishing oC which at Cologne began in Ip6 ; his notice of the New Testament being but episodical.

I It is to be noted that Cochlzus did not know even the names of Tyndale and Roy, much less their previous history. Therefore he supposes that thcr;e two ' aposutes ' had been first with Luther : which is quite contruy to the Cact. There is nothing to shoW' that Tyndale ever laW' Luther.

TRASSLATION, BY MR. C. ANDKRSON.

Two English apostates . who had been sometime at Wittenberg,' sought noronly to subvert thei r own merchants (who secretly Cavoured aq,d t;upportcd them in their. exile,) but even' hoped that, whether the king would or not, all the people of Eng[and. would in a short time become Lutherans, by means of the New Testament of Luther,3 which Ihey had translated into the Eoglish language. They had already come to Cologne, th:'!.t thence they might Ulnvey, secretly, undcr cover of othe r goods to England, the Testament 10 translated, and multi· plied by printers into many thou~nds. For they had 50 much confidence of managing the business well, that , at tbe first onst t, they asked from the printers six thousand to be given rrom the press. But fearing lest they should meet with a very heavy 10M, if anything happened unfortunately, they only put three thousand ' to the press; which, if they ~hould happily be soill, could with ease be printed

H e denied that he was confederate with him. Both ReCormers were apparently quite independ. ently at work .

, How could Cochlaws know this, when he never saw a sheet oC the impression' Luther's German version fi rs t appea red In Sept_ ISU .

• This fixes the IinaI number oC the Quarto im· prelSion: oC which the present Cragment is the only known relic.

I The tide of this short letter (4 leaves) is Eji'sto/Q /ommis Bug-mkagii Po",erQnj ad Anr !os_ Wit· temberg. MDXXV. The lid S anefos, &c., quoted by Cochlzus, is found in the heading loannrs Bvrm hag-"-us Pomeranu.r PlUlo,. EcclrsUz Witlrmkr­~t:Ilsi.s Sfll/efis in. eMilio flui sunt in A'lrfflifJ. The essence of this lettcr is the Collowing, taken from the fi r'5t English edition 1536. .. And because thou shalt not excuse thyself with the diuer.syte 01 doctrynes, to be shorte, we teach but one artikle, thou~h we preach much daylyt, and Yryte much,

THE PRINTING AT COLOGNE. 21

COCHLAlUS' THIRD ACCOUNT.

J.utherus. 1 Cunque nouum Testamentum m Oll;

l ubsequuturum crederetur, tanta ex ta spe lactitia l..ulheranos inuasi!, ae uanile fiduciz uento infiauit, ut gaudio distend, ante diem ruperint secretum ua0.i.5 iactatioDibus. I

Exulabat eo tempore Coloniz loanne! Cochlzus. Decanus Ecc:lcsiae B. Virginis Francofordensis, Qui per hospitem suum, Georgiurn Lauer, Canon­icum ad Apostolo5, Abbali Tuitiensi redditu5 (ami­limIer notus, ubi audissct opera quzdam Ruperti Tuitiensis quondam Abhatis. mittenda esse Nuren· bergam, ut a Lutheranis acdereotur in publicum: co:pit summo studio earn rem et dissuadere et impedire. Nam Lutherani in tum usque diem, cum omn~ Bibliothecas antiquas diligc:ntissime exquisiuisscnt ae discus~ iuent. nullum prorsus autorem c)( cuncti.i tOt szculorum' Doctoribus I:.cclesiz inueni~ potuerunt , qui · LUlheri dogmata comprobasset. I nuentum tandem ilIius Rupen;, qui ante 400. annos uixerat, opusculum, cui tilulus erat, De Victoria uerbi Dei,' mox Nurenberg;e a Lutheran;s euulgatum eSI. Quod suo titulo ita mox piacuit omnibus Lutheranis, ut nihil uide~tur eo autore desiderabilius. Interim ex Tritemio in­telIigebant, ilium complura scripsilse 0puiK:ula, sed duo tantum paruula inuenerant: Quorum unum de potentia, alterum de uoluntate Dei inscriptum erato In eorum zditione multa Lutherice apposuerat Osiander, uICoratus presbyter et pl"llCdicator, quibus pium autorem impiz Se(:tz patronum bcere tentabat. Et iam dudllm egerant cum ipso Abbate Tuitiensi: ut reliqua Rupe"i Opera NUrenbergam excudenda. transmitteret. IIle uero, ut ~ Cochlzo audiuit, quantnm periculi foret ea in re, si pium autorem traderet in manus impi<>rum,qui eum non solum impijs przfarionibus, et annotationibus fa=de contaminaturi essent . Verum etiam integros et sanos illiul sensus deprauaturi, ex Catholico antiquo facturi essent hzreticum Douum, qui uideretur cuncta Lutheri dogmata ante annOS 400.

and do m'any lhynges for our aduenaryes, that they also maye be saued. And this is the anykle; namely: 4[.Cltrist u(1J1r"YK"'Jlys1fess,. For he is beeome vnto vs of God the father, wysdome, iustice , satisfaction, and redemption."

I On I September 151~. Cochlzu5 puts the printing at Cologne after thiS date: at all events his disc(J'tJery of it was so. I N(1t, 5. J. 10.

I Cochlacus, erroneously attributing a concened plan to all the Protestanu, hu great glee over his

TRANSLAT ION, BY MR. C. ANDERSON.

anew. AI~ady Pomeranul had sent forward letters to the s.aint\"Who are in England,. and Luther him­self had also written to the King.! And when it wu believed that the New Testament was about to fol­low by and bye, so great joy from that hope seized the Lutherans, and inflated them with the wind o( vain confidence, that, filled with delight. they, with their vain boasting, broke the secret before its time.'

At that time J ohn Cochlzus, Deacon of the Church of the Blessed Virgin at Frankfort, lived as an exile, a t Cologne, who, by his host George Laver, Canon to the Apostles, (became] intimately acquainted with the Abbot ofDeuu, when he heard that certain works of Rupert, formerly an Abbot of that Abbey, were to be sent to Nuremberc. that they might be published by the Lutherans, he began, with the greatest eagerness, both to dissuade from, and to hinder that business. For the Lutherans, even to that day, after they had diligently searched and turned over all the ancient Libraries, could find no author of all the Doctors of the Church for so many ages, who could have approved of the doctrines of Luther. At last a little work of that Rupert, who had lived 400 years before, was found. The title of it was • of the Victory of the Word of God." And it was forthwith published by the Lutherans; because, by its title, it so directly pleased all, that nothing more desirable could be seen than that author. [n the meantime, they undentood from Trithemius, that he had written many little pieces, but they had found only two; of which one was inscribed ' of the power,' the other • of the proyidence' of God. In their edition, Osiander. a ma.-r"\ed priest and preacher, applied many things after the manner of Luther, by which he attempted to make the pious aUlhor the patron of that infamous sect; and now they were treating with the Abbot of beutihinuelf, that he might send the rest of the works of Rupen to Nu~mberg. to be printed. He, however, u soon as be heard from Cochlacus what great danger there would be in that matter, if he delivered the pious author into the hands of the impious, who were about. not only to

discovery. His representalion here is quite fal$C. It was a drunken printer, Dot the L uthc:r.rns, that betrayed the sec.ret.

t This edition was printed by Frederic Peypas. and finished in March, 1515. in avo: therefore Cochlzu$ first made the acquaintance of the Abbot of Deuu some time after that month. Cochlzus edited another in 'l~o at Cologne: the date of his dedication to the Hp. of Ely in which is"" iv. Idw Apriles {to April] 1519'

22 THE PRINTING AT COLOGNE.

COCHLJEUS' THIRD ACCOUNT.

approbassc. Abbas igitur iIle, vir bonus, mutata sentent ia ualumina iam in ,"randem (ascern compacta, uclut Nurenbcrgam transmittenda, apud St retiDuit. I n quo sane fasce erant Xl III. libri in Euangciium loannis,l XII. libn in Apocalypsim1 eiusdem, et xU.lihri, de Diuinis,Officijs.·

Cum autcm Monachi quieturi non essent, nisi zdercntur opera ilb: C'..ochtZU5 Petro Qucntellio, et Arnalda Berckmanno sedulo luasil, ul communi· bus inter 5e impensis et lucri! ea open susciperent zdenda. Persuadcre tamen non potuit. donee tandem omnem suarn operam adzditionem illam' cis pollicitus esset. Cunquezditio illa' satis quzstuosa cis cxisteret. non ege~t amp!ius impulsore Cochlzo, sed ipsimet ultro plura iIIills opuscu!a desiderabant: rogantes nunc Abbatem, Dunc Coch· Izum, ul uDdecunque plura conquirerent. Abbas itaque ell I:etustis S. Benedicti Monasterijs per­quisiuit xxxu.libros in XII. prophetas minores ,1 et VI I. libros in Canticum Canticorum.1 Cochlzus vero inuenit Colonia= in Bibliotheca Maioris Ecclesia= IX. libras, De glori ficatione T rinitatis, et processione Spiritus sancti.! Et in scholis Artium grande uolu­men, quod de operibus Trinitatis 1 inscriptum, XLII . complectebatur libros. E quibus in Genesim eraot IX. 10 Exodum 1111. &c.1 Cuoque s<=iret Rupertum

I The Commentariesof R upertuswcrefustprinted in this order.

(I) COLOGNK. 13 Books on Matthew, wi th 9 Books on the Trinity, etc. Cochlaeus' dedications arc dated :KI April and) July 1526. Col. dated Pridie Idus JUDlaS [1:01 J une] 1526.

(2) NUREMBKRG. 14 B ooles on J ohn (PrlJ/u/fflll ,d,tiIJII). Col. dated J uly 1526.

() COLOGNK. The same (Ca tluJlic dilMII)' Col. dated simply 1526.

(4) COLOGNf!!. 12 Books on the Apocalypse. Col. dated 1526. There is no printed dedication to Henry VIn . as stated by Cochla=us; seep. 19.

(5) COLOGNE. 7 Books on the Song of Solomon. D edicated by Henry, Abbot oC Deutz, to Tonstall , Bishop of London, pridie Octobres Un $eptern. ) 1526. Col. dated 1521.

(6) CoLOGNE. 32 Books on the Minor Prophets. pjIJ L « tIJri dated 3 Sept. 1527. Col. Sept. 1527 .

(7) COLOGNE. 42 Booh on the works of the H oly Tri-nity. Oed. to Wolsey, dated 3 Sept.· 1528. COl. dated Sept . 1528.

From this it is clear that Cochlzus is summar­izing, in the text, the whole of these transactions rather than narrating, in consecutive order, the OCCUlTenCes oC the one year 1526.

TRANSLATION, BV MR. C. ANDaRSON.

basely contaJtl,inate him by impious prefaces and an­notations, but even to pervert his upright and !IOund opinions, and or_an ancient catholic were about to make a new heretic, who, four hundred yean before, should seem to have approved of all the dogmas of Luther. The Abbot, therefore, good man, having changed h is o\'linion, kept by himself volumes, al­ready packed up intoa large bundle, ready to be coo· veyed to Nuremberg. In this bundle there were four_ teen books on the Gospel of John,' twelve on the Revelations,land twelve books 'De Divinis Officiis."

When, however, the monks were not to be at rest , unless they published these works, Cochlzus ~esdy entreated Peter Quentel and Arnold Byrckmao that they should, on their j oint exper.se and profit, undertake their publication; notwith­standing, he could not persuade them, till at length he had promised them, to that· edition, all his own labour. \Vhen that became sufficiently profitable ,to thern,·theyno more required Cochlzus to urge them, . but themselves, of their own accord, sought out more of his small works, requesting now the Abbot, and then Cochlzus, that they might search for more of them in any quarter. The Abbot, therefore, thus excited, diligently searched out of the old monas­teries of SI Benedict , thirty-two books on the twelve minor Prophets,land seven on the Songof Solomon.1

Cochlzus found at Cologne, in the library of the Greater Church, nine books concerning the Glorifi­cation of the Trinity,l and the procession of the Holy Spirit; I and in the School of Arts a large

J Special attention should be paid to the first edition of this work; Cologne, 1526. It is printed in the same style as the present Fragment, wi th large black t)'pC for the headings and first lines oC each book, as IS here done to each chapter; but the small type is not the same. It is, however, very valuable as containing Cochlzus's dated dedication to H erman, Archbishop or Cologne ; • Ex COLONI. , iij. Idus Marcias (13 March )M . D.XXVI: Up to that date at least Coch1a=us had not leCt that city. It was also the success of this book that stirred Q uentel and Byrckman to seek out the other works of Ru­pert of Deutz. The search deta iled in the text must therefore have occurred between 13 March and 20 April 1,526, when Cochlaeus wrote his dedication dated Ex Moc;UKTIA, n Calendas Maias 1526, of the 9 books • on the Trinity ' to Bp. Fisher; see /IJI.2OO. Cochlzus was also at Mayence on 3 J uly following, when he dedicated the I) Books /". !tfat/Mum, to the Archbp. of Capua: see fIJI. 200 of the same book. It would the rerore appear that it was while assistinJ in the publication of De Divinis 0 j/iciis- the earhest book of Rupert, printed at Cologne-that Cochlzus obstructed the secret printing of the English TestamenUl. Tyndale there­fore certainly left Cologne before April 1526.

THE PRINTING AT COLOGNE. 23

COCItl.Al:US' THIRD ACCOUNT.

olim Leodij ad S. Laurentium ·fuisse Monachum, sc:ripsit Theoderico Uezio. Canonico Lcodiensi, quem Rorrue post obitum Adriani VI . {cuius iIle k Secretis inlimus extiterat} familiarlus cognouerat, obsecrans, ut is in eo Monasterio perquircret, quidnam ex Ruperti libns extaret. lIIe ergo rep­perit maxime desideratum opus, xlU.libl"O$ in Mat­thacurn, de Gloria et honore filij hominis. Verum transmittere Coloniam non potui! An,:hetypum, nisi ipse cum duobus alijs Canonicis, pTO restitucndo cxemplari, cuncta bona sua in hypothecam Mona­chis obligarent.

Ea igitur uolumina uniuersa CocblzU5, Mogun­tiam euocatus, secum deluli!, atque ibi residen! , ad zditionemprll:parauit,Coloniamque:aedendaremisit,1

Hine Typognphis Coloniensibus notiOT Ole fa· miliarior factus, audiui! eos aliquando inter pocula fiducialitcr iactitare, Velint Nolint Rex et Cardi­nalis Angliae, totam Ang-liam breui fore Luther­anam. Audiuit item, duo~ ibi latitare Anglos, eruditos linguarumque peritos et disertos, quos tamen uidere aut aUoqui nunquam potuit. Vocatis itaque in hospitium suum quibusdam Typographis, postea quam mero incalui.ssent. unus eorum in secretiori colloquio reue1auit illi arcanum, quo ad Lutheri partes trahenda esset Anglia. Nempe uersari sub praelo Tria Milia Exemplarium Noui Testamenti Lutherani. in Anglicanam linguam trans­!ati, ac processum esse iam usque ad literam Alpha­beti K, in ordine Qualernionum. Impensas abunde suppeti 11. Mercatoribus Anglicis, qui opus excusum clam inuecturi per tOUm Angliam latenter dis· pergere uellent, antequam ReJ( aut Cardinalis rescire aut prohibere possit.

Cochlo'eu.s intra se metu et admiratione uarie affectus, foris mirabundus moerorum dissimulabat. Altero autem die, periculi magnitudinem tristis secum uptDdens, cogitabat, quo nam pacto possit com­mode pessimis iIIis conatibus obsistere. Abijt igitur clam ad Hermannum Rinck, Patricium Colonien' lem, ac Militem Auratum, qui et Ctsari. et Regi ADgliz familiaris erat et Consiliarius. eique rem .)mnem. ut acceperat uini beneficio, indicauit. Ille, ut certius omnia constarent, alium misit exploratum in eam domum, ubi opus eJtcudebatur

TRANSLATION, BY )fRo C. ANDERSON.

volume [which was inscribed' of the works of the Trinity' and comprised forty·two books, of which nine were on Genesis, four on Exodus, &c.) When, however, he leamtthat Rupert wa.s formerlyaMonk of St Laurence at Liege, he wrote to Theodoric Heziu5, a Canon of Liege, whom he had known intimately at Rome, after the death of Adrian VI. [Scp. IS:l:3], whose private secretary he had been, entreating that he would search out in that monas­tery whatever remained of the books of Rupert. He found, therefore, a work greatly esteemed­thirteen books on Matthew f of the glory and honour of the Son or Man.'1 He coutd not, however, send the originaJ to Cologne, eJtcept he, with two other Canons, would pledge in security to the monks all their goods, for the restoration of the copy t

All these volumes, therefore, Cochl:;Eus, being called away to Menu, carried with him, and while. residing there prepared them for publication, and sent them back, to be published at Cologne.l

Having thus become more intimate and familiar with the Cologne printen, he sometimes heard them confidently boast, when in their cups, that whether the King and Cardinal of England would or not, aJl England would in short time be Lutheran. He heard also that there were twO Englishmen lurking there, learned, skilful in languages, and Huent, whom, however, he never could see or converse with. Calling, therefore, certain printers into his lodging, after they were heated with wine, one of them, in more private discounq discovered to him the secret by which England was to be drawn over to the side or Luther-namely, That three thousand copies of the Lutheran New Testament, InlnS1ated into the English language, were in the press, and already were advanced as fa ras the letter K, in t11'"d;~ ~1IQ.le,..".ionum [i.e. in quarto). That the expenses were (ully supplied by English merchants; who were 5ecletly to convey the work when printed, and to disperse it wide1y-through all England, before the King or CardinaJ could discover or proh.ibit it.

Coc:hlaeus being inwardly affected Ly fear and wonder, disguised his grief, under the appearance of admiration. But another day, considering with himself the magnitude of the grievous danger, he cast in mind by what method he might expeditiously obstruct these very wicked attempts. He went, therefore, secretly, to Herman Rinck, a patrician of Cologne and Military Knight, ramiliar both with the Emperor and the King of England, and a Counsellor, and disclosed to. him the whole affair, as, by means of the wine, he had received it. He,

I Nole I, J. 2~.

THE PRINTING AT WORMS.

COCIILRUS' THIRD ACCOUNT.

iuxta indicium Cochbei. Cumque ab ilIo accepisset rem ita habere, et ingentem Papyri copiam ibi existere : adijt Senatum, atque effeci t, ut Typo. graphis interdiceretur, ne ultra progrederentur in eo opere. Duo Apostatz Angli, arreptis secum Quaternionibu$ impressis, aurugerunt, nauigio per Rhenum ascendentes Vuormacium. ubi plebs pleno furore Lutherizabat. ut ibi per a1ium Typographum ca:ptum perficerent opus. Rincus uero et Cochl.a:us de his moJC admonuerunt literis suis Regem, Car­dinalemque et Episcopum R oft'ensem,l u t quam diligentissime praecaueICnt in omnibus Angliz portubus, ne mer .. ilia Jlfmiciosissima iuuchcrentur. (PI· J3a-134->

TRA NSLATION, BY MR. C. ANDtRSOlI'.

that he might ascertain ali things more certainly, sent another person into the house where the work was printing, according to the discovery or Cochlzus: and when he had understood rrom him that the matter was even so, and that there was guat abundance or paper there , he went to the Senate, and so brought it about that the printer was interdicted rrom pro~diug rarther in that work. The two E nglish apmtates, snatching away with them the quarto sheets printed, fled by ship, going up the Rhine to Worms, where the people were under the (ull rage or Lutberanism, that there, by another printer, they might complete the work begun. Rinck and Cochlzus, however, im­mediately advised by their letters l the King, the Cardinal, and the Bishop of Rochester [Fisher], that lhey might, with the greatest diligence, take care lest that most pemiciOU$ a rticle of merchandise should be conveyed into all the ports or England. Annals ()f 1M Eng. Bible: i. 56-59. Ed. 18~s.

We are much indebted, in a way he did not anticipate, to the rabid zeal of Dobneck, for these circumstantial details of the secret printing of our first New Testament, which otherwise we should not have known.

III. The Prt"ntt"ng at Worms. 1. TyndaJe produced at Worms the Second edition in Octavo: to which

he added the following his second Address . . To the Reder.

[lEve d iligence Reder (I e.xhortethe) that thou come with a pure myndel and as the scripture sayth with a $yngle eyel vnto the wordes of health! and of e temalllyfe : by the which (if we repent and beleve them) we are borne a newel created a fresshel and enioye the frute s off the bloud of Chris t. Whiche bloud cryeth not for vengeauncel as the ,bloud of '.Abel : but hath purchased Iyfe/ lovel

faveour/ grace; blessynge/ and whatsoever is promysed in the scripturesl to them that beleve and obeye God t alld stondeth bitwene vs and wfathe! vengeaunce( curssc/ and whatsoever the scripture threateneth agaynst the vnbelevers and dhobedient! which resist! and consent not in their heftes to the lawe o( god/ that it is rightl wholy/ iuste/ and ought soo to be.

Marke the playne and manyfest places of the scriptures,! and in doutfull placesl se thou adde no interpret. acion contrary to them : but (as Paul sayth) let all Le conformable and agreynge to the rayth.

Note the difference of the lawl and of the gospel!. The one axeth and requyrethl the wother perdoneth and forgevelh. The one threateneth/ the wother promyseth all good thynges to them that set t their trust in Christ only. The gospell signifieth gladde tydynges/ and is nothynge butt the promyses off good thynges. All i$ not gospell that is written in the gospell bake: For if the lawe were a waye/ thou couldest not know what the gospel! meante. Even as thou couldest not se perdonJ favour/ and gfactl excepte tbe lawe rebuked thel and decla red voto the thy sinnel mysdede/ and Ireaspase.

Repent and beleve the gospell as sayth Christ in the (yrs t of Marke. Applye all waye the Jawe to thy

I These letters by Rinck and Cochlzus have not yet been recovered. Their being private or secret communications may panly account (or tIW. Their

loss si mply, does not invalidate Cochlzus' state­me'lls as regards facts that came within his own personal knowledge.

THE PRINTING AT WORMS. · 2S

dedesf whether thou finde lush~ in the bottom of thyne h.erte to the lawe warde; and soo shalt thou no dout repentl and'reale in the silfe a certayne sorowel paynel and grefe to thYM herte; because thou canst nott withfulliuste do the dedes off the lawe. Applye the gospellJ that is to saye the promyses/ voto the deservynge off Christl and to the mercye of god and his trouth/ and 500 shalt ~holl nott despeare; butt." shalt (eale god as a kynde and a mercifull father. ~d his sprete shall dwell in the/ and shall be stronge in thee: and the promises shalbe geven the at the last (though not by and by/lest thou shuldest forgett thy sy1fe and be negligent) and all threa~enynges shalbc forgeveri the for Christis blouddis sake/ to whon! commit thy silfe all togedder/ with out respec~ other of thy good dedes or of thybadde.

Them that are learned Christenly/ I beseche: (or as moche as I am sureJ and my conscience beareth me recorde{ that of Q pure ententJ singilly and faythfully I have interpreted ittl as farre forth as god gave me the gyfie of Knowledge/ and vnderstondynge : that the rudnesoff the worke nowe at the fyrst tymej offende them not: but thlft they consyder howe that I had no man to counterfet/ neither was, holpe with englysshe of eny that had interpreted the same/ or soche lyke thinge in the scripture beforetyme. MoreoverJ even very necessitie and combraunce (God is recorde) above strengthef which I will not re1tearce/lest we shulde seme to bost oureselvesJ caused that many thynges are lackyngej whiche necessaryly are requyred. Count it as a thYI)ge not havynge his full shapeJ but as it were borne afore hys tyme/ even as a thing begunne rather then fynnesshed. In tyme to come (yf god have apoynted vs there VlltO) we will give it his full shape: and putt out yf ought be added superfiuusiy: and adde to yff ought be oversene thorowe negligence: and will enfoarce to brynge to compendeousnesJ that which is nowe 4anslated at the lengtheJ and to geve Iyght where it is requyrcdj and to seke in certayne places more proper englysshej and with a table to expounde the wordes which are nott commenly vsed/ and shewe howe the 'scripture vseth many wordes/ which are wother wyse vnderstonde of the commen people: and to helpe with a declaracion where one tonge taketh nott another. And will endever ourcselvesj as it_ were to sethe jt better! and to make it more apte for the weake stomakes : desyrynge them that are learned/ and ablej to remem~r their duetie/ and to helpe there vnto: and to bestowe vnto the edyfyinge of Christis body (which is the congregacion of them· that beleve) those gyftes whych they have receaved of god for the same purpose. The grace that commeth or Christ be with th"tm that love hym. Praye (or vs.

Fr(}m Mr. F. Fry's Haudtraud·litlwgrapked edithll(if 111 copies (}u(y). Bri:idl,1862.

2. Mr.A. Bower in his Life of Luther, 1813, under the year 1526 writes, ' "The Imperial piet assembled at Midsummer at the city of Spires, and the pressure of business was· such as to require the attendance of the elector John, during several months.' p. 243.

Spalatin was with the Elector at Spires. He noted in his diary 'Saturday the morrow of St. Lawrence,' r:.e. II August, 1526,1 the follow­ing Table Talk:

Sabbato postridie Laurentii,1 Princeps noster Ejector Saxoniz (Spiral in comitiis imperialibus) audito in redibus Principis H essorum sermone, d!lmum rediit. • • • Buschius [dixit nobis in c<ena) Item Wormatiz' VI. mille exemplaria Novi Testamenti Anglice excusa. Id operis versum esse ab ,j\nglo, ilHc cum duobus aliis Brilannis8 divertente, ita .Vll. linguarum peTito, Hebraicre, Grrecz, Latinz, Italicz, Hispanicz, Britannicre, Gallicre, ut, quamcunque !oquatur, in ea natum putes. Anglos enim, quamvis reluctante et invito Rege, tamen sic suspirare ad Evangelion,

1 St. Lawrence's day is Aug!lst to. The day following was a Saturday in 1526; which proves the occurrence to be in that year.

On the Saturday the morrow o( St. Lawrence,1 our prince the Elector of Saxony (then at the Diet of Spires) having heard a sermon at the residence of the Landgrave of Hesse, return.ed to his house. . • • Buschlus [told us at supper} • • • Also at Worms. 6000 copies of the New Testament were printed inEnglish. This work was translated by an Englishman, who was staying there with two of his countrymen,3 and who was so learned in seven lan­guages, Hebrew, Greek, btin, Italian, Spanish, English, and French, that, whichever he spoke, you would think his native tongue. The English

J Worms is only some twenty miles from Spires. 'One of these two assistants was Roy: who was

the other? Certainly neither Fysh nor Frith. . D

26 THE PRINTING AT WORMS.

ut affirment, sese em-pturos N ovum Testamentum, ctiamsi centenis millibus reds sit redimenrlum. Adhrec Wormatire etiam Novum Testamentum Galliet excussum esse.1-Extracts from the MS. diary of George Spalatiii; printed in A11lomitatcs L#erarim by SCHRLHORN : (}o'rancofurti et Lipsire, 14 vaIs. 8vo] iv. 431-2. "Ed. 1730 .

indeed have such a desire for the . gospel, although the king opposes and dislikes it, that they say they would buy aNew Testament, even if. each copy cost 100,000 of money, In addition ·to this the New Testament was printed in French at Worms.l

3. We have now come to the question; whether the Quarto was finished at Worms or elsewhere? There is no express statement on the subject; 'but we possess circumstantial evidence that renders it morally certain that it was completed in that city or in its neighbourhood.

Mr, F. Fry in his facsimile edition (1862) of the Octavo has demonstrated by similarity of type, water. marks, etc" beyond all reasonable doubt, that it was printed by Peter Schoeffer of Worms. It is impossible to apply a ty}:ographical test of like kind to the present fragment, for w.e do not possess in it even all that was printed at Cologne, by eight or sixteen pages. The evidence is therefore external: arising principally out of fOUl" points.

Tlu above lrstim01~)' of Cochlazu. a Cochla:us knew nothing of the Octavo, fJ H e indubitably fixes the impression begun at Cologne to be the Quarto, i1t ordt'lu Quatemionum; and

that it actuaUy consisted of three thousand copies; though it was first intended to print six thousand. l' He states-and it was quite within his power to ascertain it-that 'the two Englishmen fled, with the

printed sheets, to Worms, to complete the work there by another printer. *.* Cochla:us, at all events, believed the Quarto to have been finished there.

Tyndak's residence al Wqnn&: as chiefly fixed by the beginning of the Prefar.e to the Parable of· lite Wydeed Mmnmol:, the printing of which book wa.~ finished 8 May, 1528. See opposite page.

6 Tyndale says of Roy, 'Neuerthelesse I suffered all thinges tyll yat was ended whych I coulde not doo alone wythout one both to wryte and to helpe me to compal'e ye textes together. When that was ended I toke my leue and bode him farewel for oure two Iyues :' Roy therefore left as soon as the two editions had passed the press.

e Roy left Tyndale in the spring of 1526, going to Strasburg. tTyndale was at Worms about August 1526, by the testimony of Busche, 't} Tyndale was at Worms in May 1521: and had an interview with Jerome there. 'A yere after that

and now. xii. monethes hi!fore the pryntinge of this workel came one Ierom a brother of Grenewich also/ thorow Wormes to Argentine.' , • • 'Which Ierom with all diligence I warned of Royes boldnesse.'

The fair inference is therefore that Tyndale did not leave Worms from his arrival there with Roy in October J525 until after May 1521.

Herman von Busclt, 's SttjJer·talk, on:n: AlIg"lut, 1526, 8 Busche's talk, combined with Cochla:us' accounts, fixes the impression of the Octavo, as well as the

Quarto, at three thousand copies: or Six thousand in all. Forsupposing signature (i". sheet) Khad not actu· ally been struck off when the printing at Cologne was stopped there; nine signatures (A to 1) would have been printed; 3000 copies of which~ or :Z1,ooosheetsaltogether,Tyndale and Roy must have taken with them up the Rhine. If Busche's six thousand refer to the Quarto alone, it follows that Tyndale duplicated at Worms what had already been printed at Cologne : and that having deliberately reduced the impression from its first intended number of six thousand to the three thousand actually begun there, that he had changed his mind on arriving at Worms, and increased it again to six thousand: a purpose1eSlS waste of power for which he can hardly be credited. On this assumption alS"o the Octavo, which we know was printed at'Worms, has to be accounted for.

On the other hand, it is more reasonable to believe that Tyndale did not duplicate the beginning of the Quarto, but • completed' it, and that he printed a like impression of the Octavo, It is not necessary to

1 I have not been able to trace any French New Testament printed at Worms in 1525, One was printed at Basle in that year.

WILLIAM ROY'S CONNECTION WITH THESE EDI TIONS. 27

suppose that SchocA"cr finished the Quarto: J ohn Erffordianus, anotfier printer about that time in Wo~s. may have done it, or it may have been finished in $Orne neighbouring city. Indeed the short time in which the two editions were produced favours the employment of morc than onc printer.

NDtiul of 1M New Tula"'~nt in Ellgland in .526. 'John Pykas of Colchester confessed on 7 :March, 1528, 'that about a two yeres last past, he bought

in Colchester, of a Lumbard of London, a New Testament in English, and payd for it foure shillinges: /C J ohn Tyball of Bumstedc confessed on 28 April, 1528, ' abowght ii yeres agon he compa)'llcd with

syr Richard Fox curate of Bumstede. and shewid hym a1 his bookys that he had: that is to say, the New Testamente in Englishe, the Gospel of Matthew and Mark in Englishe.'

X J ohn Tyball and Thomas Hilles, between Whitsontide and Michaelmas 1 5~6, bought each a Testa-ment of Dr. Robert Barnes in the Aupstine Friary, London .

...... All these may have bttn either Quartos or Octavos. P. Tonstall, Bishop of London, denounces ht" impressions on 24 Oct., 1526. . .. Archbishop Warham docs the same, in a lmost identical terms, on 3 Nov., I5~6. ~ Robert Necton is actually selling the Quartos in J anuary, 1527. o Henry VI II. 's preface to his English translation of his answer to Luther, early in 15~7, refers to both

editiou$. "If Dr. Robert Ridley's letter dated ~4 Feb. r15~1 in all prolnbility] pointedly refers to the Quarto. " .. " All these occunences-and possibly they might be multiplied-will be narrated further on. The

point here to be marked is their very early date: all berore Jerome called on Tyndale a t Worms, in May 15~7'

I£ then Tyndale remained in that city till after May 15~7; and the Octavo, as we know it was, was printed there: and that both editions, simultaneously denounced on ~4 Oct. IS,(), came into England to­gether early in that year,-a supposition that Bu.sche':i talk would fa" our,-it follows that Tyndale, by some printer, finished the Quarto at or ncar Worms.

IV. W£ll£am R oy's C01t1zec/£01t with these edtlio1ts. 1. In his Address above referred to, prefixed to The Parable oj the wycked

Mammon, eye. j the printing of which work was finished by Hans Luft at Marburgh in Hesse on the 8 May 1528; Tyndale thus infonns us of Roy's share in the production of the first two New Testaments.

([ William Tyndale otherwyse called Hychins to the reader

[lrace and peace with all manet spirituall fealinge and Iyuinge worthy of the kynunes of Chryst , be

with the reader and with all that thurst the wyl of God Amen. The cause why I set my name belore this lytle treatysc and haue not rather done it in the newe testament is that then I Colowed the counsell of Chryst which exhortedl men Math. vi. to doo theyr good deades secretly and to

be content with the con5Cience ofweldoyngej and that god seeth v&/ and paciently to abyde the rewarde of the last daye which Chryst hath purchased for V$ and now wold fayne haue done Iykewyse/ but am com­pelled otherwyse to doo.

Whyle I abode a (ayth(ul companyon I which now hath taken an other vyage vpon him/ to preach christ where (I suppose) he was neuer yet preached (God which put in his hette thyther to goo sende his sprite with him/ eomforte him and bringe his purpose to ,l:::ood effecte) one William Roye a man somewhat craftye when he cometh vnto new acquayntaunce and before he be thorow knowen and namely when all is spent ' came vnto me and offered his helpe. As lon,l:::e as he had no moneyl somwhat I could ruele him: but 3S sone as he had goten him money/ he became Iyke hym selfe apyne. Neuerthelesst I suffered all thin::;es t)'!l yat W,l.:i ended whych I coulde not doo alone wythout one both to wryte and to helpe me to

1 Can this be Thomas Hylton, the priest. whose martyrdom on 24 . 'ebruary, I S"29- Tyndale felt so deeply f More, in the Pn/au to his COII/ .. tacyrNr.. states that H yuon \\:ould not be • a knowen that

hym selre was preste, but sayed that he had by the space of. ix yeru ben beyonde the see, and there lyued by the ioyners cralL' Bb. iii.

D2

28 WILLIAM ROY'S CONNECTION WITH THESE EDITIONS.

compare ye lutes together. 'When that was ended I toke my leuc and bode him farewel for oure two (yues/ and as mcn saye a daye longer. After we were depaned he wenl/ and gate him new modes which thinge to doo he passeth all that tuer I yet knewe. And there when he had stored hym or money be gOle him 10 Argentine where he professeth wonderfull fa culties and maketh bost of no 5mall tb inges. A yere after that and now. xii. monethcs before the prynlinge of this workef came one Ierom a brother of Grene· wich also/ thorow warmes to Argentine( sayenge that he entended tq be Christes di5<:iple an other whyle and to Icepe (as nye as God walde gyUt him grace) the profession of his baptiml and to gett his Jyuinge with his handes/ and to lyue no lenger ydely and of the swett and Iaboure of those caplyues whiche they had taught/ not to byleue in Chryst : but in cuttshowes and russet coctes. Which ]erom with all diligence ] . warned of Royes boldnesse and exhorted hym to bewarre of hym and to walke quyetly and with a.:l pacience and longe sofferinge acordinge as we haue Chryste and his apostles (or aD eDsamplej which thinge he also promysed me. Neuerthelesse when he was comen to Argentine William Roye (whos tongeis able not ouly to make foles sterke madde/ but also to disceyue the wisest that is at the fyrst syght and ac­quaynuunce) gate him to hym and set him a werke to make rymes/ whyle he hym selfe translated a dialoge out of laten t in to Englyshl in whose prologe he promyseth moue a grea te deal than I fere me be wyll euer paye. • . •

Some man wyl aske parauenture why J take ye b.boure to make this worke. in as mach as they wyll brunne it seynge they brunt the Gospel I answare, in brunninge the Dew testamente they dyd none other thynge then that I loked fori no more shall they do yf the(y) brunDe me also, yf it be gods wyU it shall so be. Neuerthelesse in translatynge the newe testamente I dyd my dutye/ and so do I nowl and wyll do as much more as god hath ordeDed me to do. And as I offered that to al l men to correCle itJ who 50Cuer coulde, euen so don I this. 'Vho soeuef therfor~ readeth this/ compare !t VDtO the scrypture.

2. R ede me and be noll wrothe is a miscellany of invective verse. first known as The buryi11g of lite mass, from The Lamentation beginning, which has the refrain of

It was at the

I Seynge that gone is the masse, Nowe deceased alas alas.'

The Satire is evidently written upon information such as Jerome had brought from England; say up to April '527. Roy had a thousand copies printed of it j and another of his I dialoge out of laten,' but not having money to pay for paper or printing to the printer, John Schoet of Strasburg, (which quite accords with Tyndale's account of his powers of gammoning,) the most part of the two impressions were pawned to the J ews of Frank­fort. Some copies however were sent into England; and Wolsey wrote,

t This tmnslation is now apparently lost. The author of the original Latin work (which I have also been unable to see) is unknown, I ts title is given by Pa.rk [Hart. ~fu~. ix. 31 as luur /'t!lr~m C4risnalfum. II ./iliu,n con/llmaUIn dlakJpm Ckrisl ianu'n. That this work is also the same as Roy's book ailinst the seven sacraments is proved by the follOWing passa~e in his SItJplicaC)'on 0/ S(JUt)'s (in answer to Simon Fyshe's SupplictltiOl1 for 1M B~aarsl published before More had become Lord Chancellor (25 Oct. 1529). The reference is important as fixing the order in which the several works became known in England. The dates will be seen to confirm TyndaJe's statement: that Roy's two works were printed at Strasburg in 1527. 'They pan:eyuyng thys/ haue therfore furste as-

sayd the furst way all redyl sendyng forth Tyudals translacyon of the new testament iu such wyse bandied as yt shuld haue bene the fountayn and well $pryng of all theyr hole ber~e~ For he had corrupted and purposely changed in many placys the text! with such wordys as he myght Illflke yt seme to the vnlerned people/ that the scrypture affynned theyr here~yes it sclfe, Then cam sone after out in prynt the dyaloge of Crere Roye and frere Hyerome/ betwene ye father and ye sonne agaynst ye sacrament of ye aultef; and the bias­phemouse boke entytled the beryeng of the masse.. [i.e. Reth me, &e.) Then cam forth after Tyndals wykkyd boke of Mammona [dated 8 May 1528) and after that his more wykkyd boke of obydyeuce' [dated ::/: October 15::/:8). /01. xix. 6.

WILLIAM ROY'S CONNECTION WITH THESE EDITIONS. 29

on 5 August 1528, to Herman ' Rinck, to arrest Roy and T yndale and to buy up all their works. Rinck's reply will be found atpp. 32-36.

3. The Invective mainly consists of A brefe Dialoge bet1i/ou two prestes urvaunt,,/ named Watkyn andJeffraye [Jerome and Roy) in which the two following p::tssages refer to the first reception by the Hierarchy in 1526, of the New Testament in England; and in so pointed· a manner as to con­stitute very early and important evidence on that point: as we said, Dot . later than April '527. .

The first passage proves the private' consistory' of the Bishops under Wolsey, deliberating what was to be done with the Forbidden Book

RI:It. ([ Art thou not a frayde 110 presume/ Agaynst the CardinaJIs fume'

Seynge they wilhe all on "his syde 1 ,Id. C[ No I do ratbersretly reioyce/

That of a Iytel! wormcs voycel Goddis iudgement may be veryfycd.

Agaynst soche a wicked brothe.ll/ Which sayth/ vnder his girthell!

H e holdeth Kynges and Princes. To whom for a salutacion' I will rehear<:e a brefe oracion/

dedicate vnto his statlynes. IIlat. «I Now gentell mate 1 the praye. Ilf. 4[ Have at it then with out delayef

. Contempnynge bis maliciousnes.

o "miserable monstet/ mon malicious/ Father of perversite/ patrone of hell, o terrible Tyrant/ to god and man odious. Advocate of antichrist/ to Christ rebel]" To the 1 speake/ 0 caytife Cardinali 50 cruell. Causles chargynge by thy COUrlied commandment To hrenDe goddis warde the wholy testament.

Goddis wordcl grownd of all vertue and grace The fructcous fode/ of oure (aythfu\l trust. Thou hast condempned in most carfull cacef 1'hrowe Curious roly/ falee and vniust. o (earce Pharao/ folower of flesshly lust. 'Wha t moved thy mynde by malyce to consent/ To brenne goddis wordel the wholy test.1ment.

The tenoure of thy tyr.'lDny passeth my brayne In every point evidcntly to endyght. N ero nor herod' wet never so noyus certayne All though oC goddis l:lWis they had lytel Iyght Shame it is to speake howe agaynst ryght. Thy hatfull hert hath caused to be brentJ o(;oddis true warde/ the wholy testament.

o perverse

o perverse prcste patriarke oC prydel Mortheretwith ont mercy most execrable. o beastly brothell/ of baudry the bryde/ Darlynge of tb,e devin/ gretly detestable, Alas! what wretch wolde be so vengeable ? At eny tyme to attempte soche impediment} T o brenne goddis worde the wholy testament.

God of his goodenes/ grudged not to dye/ Man to delyver from deadly dampnacion. Whose will is that we shulde knowe perfetly What he here hath done for OlU'e saluacion. o cruel! hyface (Caiaphas) I full of crafty conspi.

radon" H owe durst thou geve then Calee iudgement T o brenne goddis worde/ the wholy testament

Thy leawednes oflyvynge is loth to heare/ Christis gaspen to come vnto cleare light. H owe be it surly it is w spred farre and neare That (orto let it thou haste Iytell myght. God hath opened our dercke dimed syghl. Truly to perceave thy tyrannous inten~ To brenne &oddis worde the wholy testament.

Agaynst thyne ambition all people do crye/ Pompously spendinge the sustenaunce of the pore Thy haulte hanoure hyly to magnify/ Maketh/ theves/ tray tours/ and many a whore Wo worth the wretche oCwickednC5 the dore Forget oC oure dayly damage and detri"ment To brenne goddis warde the wholy testament

o paynted pastourc/ of Satan the Prophet/ Ragynge courre/ wrapped in a wolues skynne o butcherly bisshop; to be a ruler vnmeteJ Maker of misery/ occasion of synne. God graunt the grace nowe to begynne. Of thy dampnable dedes to be penitent/ Brennynge go-Mis wordeJ the wholy testament.

30 WILLIAM ROY'S CONNECTION WITH THESE EDITIONS .

lllat. cr No more (or oure lordis passion/ Thou ray\cSI "owe of a (assian/

With rebukis most despytous/ No man shall these wordes advert/ But will iudge theym of an lienl

To procede/ most contumelious . Irf . . Though popisshe CUITeS here a t do bardtq

Yet thou mayst therin well rna rckc/ The \\oill of god accomplesshed.

The Cardinali thus to rewardcl Which with oule eny godly regarde/

Desdayncth the trOlhe to be pubblisshed. Therfore as he did the tructh condempncJ So god wil hym and all his contempnej

With the swearde of punnysshment. aat. ([ They bad fyrs! some provocacion ' I,r. cr None wother then the tr:mslacion/

Of the engly s~he m:we testamc:nt. \VlIerin the authors with mecknesj Vttcrly avoydyno:c con\'iciousnes/

Demeaned them so discretly. That with alllhClr invencion/ They coulde (ynde no reprehencion/

Resistynge goddis warde wilfully. aat. ([ H owe had the ios~1I (yrs! entraunce/

Into Englonde 50 (arre o( dislaunce/ Where to rede hym/ no man maye?

Irf. € Goode christen men with pure atreclc/ Of god singulcrly therto electe/

With cost did hym thether conveye. Which/ even as Christ was betrayedJ So with hym the clargy played/

Thorowe trayterous prodicion. mal ([ Who played the parte o( l udas ! ~ef. ([ The wholy bisshop of Saynct Asse/

A poste of Satans iurisdiccion. Whom the y call Doclour standisshe/ \Vone that is nelher flesshe nor fi5Shel

At all tymes a COlnnten Irer . He is a bablynge Questionis!} And a mervelous ~tett 5Ophisl!

Sa m tyme a lowsy graye fryer. Of stommake he is rearce and bolde! In braulyngc wordes a very scolde/

Meng lynge vennem with sugre. He despyseth the trueth of godl Takynge parte ra ther with (alcehod/

Forto obtayne worldly lucre. In carde pla yinge he is a goode greke/ And can skyll of POSI and glyeke/

AI50 a payre of dyce to ttolle. For whordom and fornicacions/ He maketh many visitacions/

H is Dieces to pill and polte. Though he

• Though he be a stowte divyne! Yett a prest to kepe a concubynel

He there admitteth wittyngly. So Ihey pare their yearly tributis Vntoohis dyvlisshe substitutis/

Officiall/ or commissary. T o rehearce all his Iyvynge/ God geve it )'Veil chevyngel

Or els some amendment shortly. mal. ([ Howe did he the gospell betraye 1 ~d. «I: As sone as ever he hearde sayel

That the ~ospell cam to Englonde. I mmediatly he did hym trappel And 10 the man in the red cappel

He brougltlt hym with SlIonge honde. Before whose prowde consislory, Bryngynge in (alce testimony,

The gospell he did theare accuse. Ubi. € He did mo persones rcpresentt

Then ludas the traylour malivolent/ Whiche betrayed Christ to the lues.

,lid. € Thou mayst se of Ihe ym in one manne/ Herodl Pilatl Cayphasj and Anne [AnaniasJ.

With their PNpertis severalL And in anOlher manifestly ' l udas full of conspiracYI

With the sectes pharisaicall. They are a grett deale more mutable/ Then Proteus of (orme !lO variable/

Which coulde hym , me 50 disgyse. They canne represent apesl and bearesJ Lyons{ and asses wilh longe cares/

Even as they lisl to divyse. BUI nowe of standi!lShe accusa.cion/ Brefly 10 make declaracionl

Thus to the Cardinali he spake. Ple:ueth yqure honourable gracel Here is chaunsed a pitiou$ cace;

And to the churche a grett lacke. The gospell in oure Englisshe tongel or laye m~n to be red and 50ngel

Is nowe hiddercome to remayne. Which many hetetykes shall makel Except youre grace some waye take!

By youre authorite hym to restrayne. For truly it is no handlyngef For laye peoples vnderstondynge/

With the gospell to be busy. Which many wone interprisynge/ Into heresy it did bryngel

DisdaYDynge the churche vnreverently. mat. 4[ T05Shel these 53.ynges are sophisticall/

I wolde heare the sence mislican/ or these wordes right interpreted.

WILLIAM ROY'S CONNECTION WITH THESE EDITIONS. 31

1<1. ([ In fayth with out simulacion' This is the right significacion/

Of his meanynge to be expressed. o Cardinali so gloriousl Thou ~r(e Capitayne over V$f

Antichristis chefe member. or all oure detesUcionsl And sinful! prevaricacion$(

Thou alonel arte the defender. 'Vherrore healpe nowe or els neverl For we are vodone for everl

Vf the gospell abro,ade be spred. For then with in a whyle afterj Every plowe Manne and carterl

Shall se what a lyfe we have led. H owe we have this five hondred yeres! Roffled therm amonge the bryresj

or de$perate infidelite . And howe we have the worlde brought! Vnto beggery worsse then noughtJ

Through oure chargeable vanite. Whieh knowenj we shalbe abhorred/ Reddi to be knocked in the fothedJ

Oure weith taken awaye elene. Therfore Tyrant playe nowe thy parte/ Seynge with the devill thou a rtel

Gretter then eny manne hath bene. Put the gQ!;pel a waye quyght/ That he come not to laye mens sight!

Forto knowe goddis commaundements. And then we that are the remmenauntf

Shall diligently

Shall diligently be attendaunt/ T o blynde theym with oure commentis.

If they have once inhibicion/ I n no maner or condicion/

To rede goddis worde and his lawes. 1000r .\'5 doclOUB of theologyJ It shalbe but a smale master)'/

T o make theym foles and da .... es. Loke what thou dost by tyranny/ We will a lowe it by sophistryJ

Agaynst these worldly villaynes. mid. ([ N owe t ruly this is the meanynge/

Howe soever be the speakyngef Of these spretualilordaynes.

4[ But what 5:1yde the Cardinali here at? I d. 4[ H e spake the wordes of Pilat!

Sayinge/ I fynde no fault Iherin. H owe be ill the bisshops assembledJ Amonge theym he examened

'Vhat ..... as best to delermyn ? Then ans ..... ered bisshop Cayphasf Hoc n f, That a gren parte better it wasI L",.J",.

The gospell to be condemned. £piK"p"t. Lesl their vices manyfolde/ Shulde be knowen of YOllge and olde/

Their estate to be contempned. 'The Cardinali then incontinent / Agaynst the gospell gave iudgemelll/

Sayinge/to brenne he deserved. Wherto :1.11 the bisshoppis crredl Answerynge/ it cannot be denyed/

H e is worthy so to be sen ed. Ij.

The second passage of The dialogue indelibly fixes the first burning of the printed New Testament-not, as has been often thought, on I I

'February 1526, on the occasion of the humiliation of Dr. Barnes, when Bishop Fisher preache~ a sermon against the Lutherans within, and Lutheran books were burnt 'before the rode of Northern' without St Paul's church: but in connection with Bishop Tonstall's sermon at Paul's Cross, after the I conspiracy' of 'Volsey and the bishops. The important allusion to The p r%gge, see p. 10 of the lithographed text, will be referred to again. mat. t: H olde thy peace and be contentJ

The gospell by :l. commaundmcnt/ T o do it will strayghtly tbeym compclL

.Itt. C[ They !>etl nott by the gospell a flyel Diddest thou nolt heare whatt villany/

Th[e]y dod vnlo the gospell f Sfili. 4[ Why/ did they ag3ynsl hym conspytef 'tf. (. By my trothe they seu hym a fyre/

Openly in London cite. Wat. «I Who

4[ Who caused it so to be dond 4[ In selhe the Bisshoppe of London/ With the Cardinallis authorite: Which at Paulis crosse: emeitly/ Denounced it 10 be heresy/ That the gospell shuld come to ly~ht. CaUynge chern heretikes execrablel Whiche caused the gospell venerable/

To come vnlO \aye mens S)'a:ht.

32 WILLIAM ROY'S CONNECTION WITH THESE EDITIONS.

He declared there in his (urioulnes/ That he fownde erroures m OTC: and les/

Above thre thousande in the translacion. Howe be it when all cam to pasI I daresaye vnable he wasl

Of one erroure to make probacion. Alas he sayde/ masters andfrendes,l Consydcrwcll nowe in YOUTe myndes/

These heretikis diligently. They saye that commen women/ Sh:!ll 3uone t ome vnto heven/

As those that lyve perfectly. ([ And was that their very sayinge! 41 After thi.~ wyse with outt (aynynge/

In a ccnayne prologe they wrrte. That a

Thu a whoare or au open synner! By meanes of Christ oure reJemer/

Whome god to repent doth incyte. 5h:111 soner come to salu:acion/ By meritis of Christis pasSion/

Then an outwarde holy lyver. IlTst. ([ They d id there none wother thinge shewel

Then il; rchcarced in mathewe/ In the one ud twenty-chapler.

I!f. ([ For all thall he sayde in his'\ermone/ Rather then the gaspell shulde be comonel

Bryngynge people into eTTOure He wolde gladly solfre marterdome/ To vpholde the devyls {redome/

O{ whom he is a con{essoure. C. ij & uj.

1,.. Vve get further information of Roy's connection with the first New Testaments from the following letter of Herman R inck, written to Wolsey on the 4th October 1528. The original MS. is imperfect at the edges: hence the gaps in the following Latin.

HERM ANN RIN CK TO WOt.SBV.

SANCTISSUIK ac gntiasissime pater in Christo ac domine • . • • c1emeutissime. post humilis benevolique servitii me[i] titudinem ad qua:vis vestra: unctitati beneplacita, obsequen • • • . grata obnixa ac sincera mente, veslram gntiam, ac paternita[tem] scire exopto, quatenus elc.

Litera: gratia: vestra: ad me data: per dominum Iohannem West, sacerdot~m ordinis divi Fran­cis(ci] de Observantia, ~ptz: quinto Augusti, Ie apudt Hampton Korte, in vestra:: gntiac pallal[io] mihi a Colonia ad ' Franco{ordiam in biduo celcri nuncio sunt missa: et perlatz:, 21 Seplembris, de com!percandis undique' libiis Anglica lingua ex­cussis, el de capiendil Roy et Huckynck. At illi et eorum complices a paschate I et proximis quad­ragesima: nundinis Franco{ordia: non sunt visi, neque scitur quo abierunt, superstites ne sint aD

vita {uncti.' Neque Iohannes Schott, civis Argen­tinensis et corum c:halcognphus,t se scire dixit quo evanuissent. J Sunl autem ipsorum libri re{eni hacresi, ac c:ontn vestTal gratiac magnificentiam et honorem' pleni invidia et infamia, qui et pessime et pra:ler(.."hristianam charitatem, regiam $Crerutatem, beniguissimum dom.i.num meum et generosissimum

1 ' fqro' apud Ie H ampton Courte. · t E"aster Day in 1,528 fell on 12 April.

rore Tyndale, or Roy, or both of them Fn.nkfort fair about Aprill,5'lS.

There­were at

TRANSt.AT IOS".

M OST holy and most gracious father in Christ, most merciful lord-after offering my humLle and willing service to your Holiness's pleasure, with grateful and sincere mind, I wish to inform your grace and fatherhood as {ollows.

.Your grace's letten dated Aug. s. a t your palace of Hampton Court, were given 10 me by John West priest of the order of St. Fnncis de Ohur­tfautia, at Cologne on Sept. 21, having been sent on from Fnnkfort by a swift messenger in two da)'$, which letters ordere,d me to buy up everywhere books printed in English, and to arrest Roy and Hutchins. n.- and their accompliCC!!l have not been seen at Frankrort since EasterSand the market after Lent, and it is not known whither they have gone, and whether they are aliye or dead.s John Schott, citizen of Strasburg, their engraver, t says he does not know whither they S have vanished. Their books indeed are sluffed with heresy, full of envy and slander against your grace's g lory and honour,' and what is worst and contrary to Christ­ian charily, make the king's serenity, my most kind and noble lord and illustrious prince, infamous to all worshippers of Christ. However, I, as a most

• TyndaJe at least had gone on to Marburg, and was there when Rinck was writing this letter.

t i.e. printer. I Schott possibl:y never knew Tyndale. • Rinck is refernng to Roy's Satire.

WILLiAM RO Y'S CONNECTION WITH THESE EDITIONS. 33

HB1UolANN RINCK TO WOLSEY.

et illustrissimuro principem, omnibus christicolis in­famem reddunt. Ego tamen tanquam humillimU5 fidelissimus et diligentlSsimus minister, lribus beb­domadibus I ante vestrz gr.>.ti~ acceplas liltras, a udivi et percepi illos ipso! libros Iudeis Franco­lordia:: cerlO llere vel nummo oppigneratos esse, et tumtquam primum pro ipsis coD.Sequendis ex me­ipso elaborabag.1, et $01lic:itus cram. Chalcognphus aUlcm Iohannes Schott prztc:r (zeus Iud:eis dao­dum et sui bboris mercedem et papiri sumptum uigebat. et iIIi se eos veDditurum aiebat qui plus pecuniz offcrrct. Cum itaqut gratia vestra mihi literas et IllaDd3ta ex Angli :l. mittebat, illico nequt corpore neque pecuoiz nequt diligent1:c parcebam (ut merlto debebam) sed privilegiis a ~sarea

Maiestate olim acceptis utebu. Consults Fr.wco­fordienses et aliquot sc:natores Ole iudLtes mihi donis et muneribus conciliabam, quo libros illos omnes, omni ex loco corraderem et c03cervarem quod et tribus aut quatuor locis betum est, ita quod spero, quolquot lalium librorum excussi sunt eos apud me conlineri, pr;cter duos quos vestrae grati:!: commis­sanus prznominaius Iohannes 'Vest, a me exoptavit et accepit, in maiorem et frugem et utilitatem regiae gmtiz et vestrz. L ibros vero duos ipsi dedi, cum eum tu'm fidelem tum diligenlem vestr.lC gratiz comperirem, et c;ui saepe inserviissel, et adhuc pro­cui dubio inserviet. Debc:bam autem !ibri ipsi, (nisi percepisscm et intervcnissem) in thecas chjlt­aceas compingi. et occultari, et decem inciusas sucinis, lino obductis, callide et sine omlli sus­piclone, per mate, tempore' t ransmiui in Scholiam e t Angliam, ut ibidem ac sola et nuda papirus venderentur, sed admodum paUC05 aut nullos transvecl.OS vel venditos puto. Czterum et • • •

• • et procuravi coram consulibes Franckfordien­sibus iuramentis acceptis [et} przstitis, quod denuo non excudentur typis lCncis, tum chalcographus ipse vigore sui iuramenli exemplar 5Criptum et principale ad me mittere oOstrictUS est. lnsuper et summa opera cumbo in pr.edi~tis Roy et Huckyng czterisque regiz gratiz et vestr.lC zrnulis et re­bellionibus, tum capiendis, tum ubi locorum agant, percipiendo, ut dominus Iohannes West et filius mew H ennannus Rynck, et l ohannes Geilkyrche, ~eus minister ore et pr.esentes testabuntur, quibus vestre gratia non secus ac mihi ipsi fidem adhibeat et p~beat; ipsi enim rem omnem et cdabunt et obticebunt, quamcumque vestra gratia ip$ls eom­miseri t, quos pnecipue et pra:sentes ad regiam et

I i.~. about 1 Sept. 1528 • • By whom? Probably English men:hants, who

TRANS LATION.

humLle, faithful and diligent servant, three weeks I before receiving your grace's letters, heard and perceived that those very books had been pawned to the J ews a t Frankfort for a cenain sum of money, and then, on my own account, I laboured and en­deavoured to get hold of them as soon as possible. The engnVeT, J ohn Schott, demanded beside the interest ft)r tbe J ews, the p:1y ror his labour and the expense of the paper, and said that he should seU them to whoever would give the most money. So, as your gnce had sent me lettcrs and commis­sions from England, 1 immediately spared neither my person, my money DOr my trouble, (as 1 was bound 10 do,) but made use or the privileges pre­viously reccived from his Imperial Majesty. I gained over the consuls of Frankfort and some senators and judges, by gifts and presents, so that I mighl scrape and heap together all those books from e\'ery place; which was done in three or four places, so that I hope that all of those books yet printed are in my po5$t5Sion, except two which your grace's commissary the above named J.ohn \'~st asked for and reCeiVed from me for the gTeater profit and advantage of the Icing's grace and yours. Two books indeed, 1 gave him, as I found him faithful and dilis:cnt for your g race, whom he has often served and doubtless will in future serve. Unless 1 had discovered it, and interfered, the books would have been enclosed and hidden in paper covers, packed in tcn bundles covered with lillen and conveyed in time by sea,' craftily and without exciting any suspicion to Scotland and England, where they would have been sold only as blank paper; but I think that very few, or none, have ~en exported or sold. Besides I have • • • and procured from the consuls of Fr.mkfort a prohibi­tion strengthened by oaths, of their further printing from copper types, and the engraver himself is bound by his oath to send me the original written copy. In addition to this, I will endeavour in every way to arrest Roy and Hutchins and other op­ponents and rebels or the King's grace and yours, and to find out where they live, as J oPn West, and my son Hermann Rynck and J ohn Gcilkyrche my servant will assure you by word of mouth, to whom your gt':lce may give crede.ocejust as to myself, for they will keep $llence concerning and conceal what­ever orders your grace gives them. I send them now to the king's grace and yours, chielly on ac­count of the favourable issue of the business, and

would have repaid the J ews' loan and rejmnwsed Schott .

E

34 WILLIAM ROY'S CONNECTION WITH THESE EDITIONS.

HltRMANN RINC K TO WOLSKY.

veslram gratiam transmitta, ob commodiorem ipsiu5 negot ii exitum, et ut rem graum ~giie ct veslra: gratia: exhibeam et faciam. Totaque vita mea cum omnibus et prognatis et posteris hac in re &ollicitus et sedulus ero provisor. N equc mei laOOris, COnalu! et pecunia': a me expen~ e1apsis mulc is annis ocque pcr me neque meos posleros expetam et cfflagitabo, sed singura regiz gratia: et \'cstr;e promissis committo, prorsusque confido permagna: vestrOJ: providentiz, iuxta operam mam quam coUotavi in eiecliooe Czsarca: lI-lajestatis. ct regi3:l gratia':, et secundum vestra poUicita. sa sponsalia inter Cacsarem Carolurn et regiae gratiz filiam pro· gressum ct excilum sortita (uissenl, tum in ipsis omnem meam impendissem diligcDtiam et indus.­triam, tum per me, tum meos et cognatOS et affines omnibus modis expedivissem. Nunc verg sponsa­lidis non exec:uus vel progredientibus, spero a lio beneficio regia gratia me condonabit, ut SUOil gntiOil literz apertius indicabunL

PrOllten:a, anno dommi 1502, mensis Augusti, maximum privilei;:ium a C;esarea Maiestate regia:: gratiz in An,lia et intel"CUr$um negotiatorum a Czsarea Maie$tate conce5sum largissima I[bertate, impetr.tre iuvi et · opitulatus sum, per Czsaris et regiz grati:ae commlssarios in usum et commodum omnium in Anglia regi:ae grati:ae subditorum, ut manifestius est ea in loco, ubi episcopus Cantuargensis Doctor Domi. nus Warren, antta commiss.ariUli cum Carolo de Sowmerschett. pi:ae memoria:, camerario regis Angliz, decem millia librarum sterlingarum contulit regi:ae gratiz, dum ego, nomine C:aesare:ae Majes­tatis , huiu!> reg" patri przsen$ obtuli privilegium, przsentibus suis optimatibus, et consili.ariis, in Ie Westmunster, tum retlgiosis, tum s«:ularibus. simul et decem mil(l]ia librarum sterlingarum data ,accepi mittenda Czsari Maximiliano, qu:ae eidem Ciesari et conluli et mea secreto sigillo libera COm· probavi et 501uta, esse testatus sum, proprioque et nomine et cognomine in ma.iorem fidem meipsum subscripsi, ac amba.s.iatorem vel legatum Ca:sare:c Maiestatis decuit, quod C:aesarea Maiestas eiusque successores iIIud ratum et sancitum habere debeT­ent, ipsumque a Czsare Carolo nunc et renovatum et confirmatum ::estimo, vel saltern augendum regiz gratiz facile sit pa.ssurus, el consensum concessurus. ad quod consequendum, bumile et exiguum ob­sequium (si Anglia vesua opus habuerit, et Regia gratia mihi mandaverit) paratissimum et me sine mora advent • • • iUfe debco, ac sponte volo, aut vellem, ad Czsaream Maiesta[tem in] His­paIUam aut alibi, qUOr5um sua Regia gratia tunc

TRANSLATION.

that I may show and do a thing pleasing to the king's grace and yours. During the whole of my life, 1, With a ll my children and posterity, .,.-i11 care· fully and sedulously attend to this matter, and .... iII not ask or demand, either personally or by my descendants, any retum ror the labour, trouble and money .... hich I have spent for many years, byt 1 commit everything to the promi5es~ of the Icing's grace and yours, trusting completely in your great

,prudence, in consideration of the assistance which I gave the Icing's grace at the election of his Imperial Maje$ty, and according to yoUI' promises, if the espousals between the Emperor Charles and the king's grace's daughter had been proceeded with and taken effect; in which I used all my diligence and industry, and employed all my relations and connections. Now that the espousals have not been executed and are not still in progress, I hope that the king's grace will favou r me with some other kindness, as his grace's letters openly declare.

Besides, in the year ISO', in the month of August, I aided and assisted in obtaining a great privilege from the Emperor's Majesty, for the king's grace in England, and the mercantile intercourse which was granted with the most ample liberty by the I mperial Majesty, through his and the king's grace's commissioners, to the profit and advan· tage of all the king's grace's subjects in Eng. laad ; as was more apparent at the time when the bishop of Canterbury, Dr. Warham, fonnerly com­missioner with Charles Somerset, of pious memory, chamberlain of the king of England, offered in tbe name of the king's grace, 410,000 sterling; while I, in the name or the Emperor's Majesty, offered in person the privilege to the {ather of the present king. in the presence 'of his peers and counsellors spiritual and secular, at 'Vestminster, and received the 410,000 sterling to be sent to the Emperor Maxi· milian, to whom I gave the said sum and attested the delivery with my own private seal, signing my own name and surname for greater security, as was fit for an ambassador or legate of the Emperor's Majesty; and the Emperor's Majesty and his suc­cessors ought to keep it valid and secure. I believe that it has now been renewed and confirmed by the Emperor Charles, or at least he would easily allow it to be increased, and would grant his consent to the king's grace; in obtaining which I offer my humble and small but ready service, (if' England has need and the k.in~s grace orders,) and would go without delay, (as I ought of right. and as I rreely wish and would wish to do,) to the Emperor's Majesty in Sp;!in or elsewhere, wherever the

WILLIAM ROY'S CONNECTI ON W ITH TH E S E EDITI ON S. 3S

UERMANN RINCK TO WOLSItY.

iusserit profici obsequc:ntissimus tum minister, tum ambasiator sive legatu(s eisdem privilegiis, iuxta qua:: et me habeo t rga regiam gr.uiam. In quibu[s] • • • privilegiis. meo iudicio, rootinetur quod per totum Romanurn imperium p(ra:dpueJ in Germania obstrepentes Angliz regi neque ejusdem traditores demnt con. servari aut perpeti, multo minus h~retici, seditionem Christianorum txcitantes lotius Anglici regni. Qua propler eiusde[ml privilegii vigore et lege, Emundus de upoell qui 5e ducem Suffolx(izJ nominabal, per • regem Philippum desiderabatur ,u t dignum erat in Angliam adduci. Deinde et Wilhelmus Roy, WiI­hetrnus Tyntaell. Hieronim[us] Batlo, Alexander Barekley c:t eorum adhzrentes,etc .• olim obscrvantes, ordinis Divi Francisci, nunc vera aposlatz. Nee­non et Georgius Constans, el alii complures, regia: gratiz obstrepentes, capi plecti et offern debebant, ob hzresim lutheranam, tum de\endam, tum eradi­candam et ad fidem Christianam confirmandam, ut plurimum nunc opus est in Angliz regno. H anc meam opinionem multo c1arius, przdictum privi­legium ostendet, cujus exemplar nullum mihi retinui, sed gratiz: vestrz: excellentissima prudcntia ha:c multo prudentius ptrpendere et agere potest, quam ipse scriptis exprimere valeo. Cum it:'lque tale mandatum huc ad me missum fuef h , deo optimo maximo in honorem ac vestrz gronia: totius­que repi Anglici tum Christiane, tum diligen­tissime, omnibus viribus et sedulo ipsum exequar. H oc itaque modo, regia: gratia: et veslrz omnibus­que tum rdigiosis tum SlICcularibu5 subditis Anglici regni in salutem et commodum quantum potui divino opitulamine et iuxta vestra:: glatiz mandatum, ha:reticorum libros inquisivi neque labori neque pecunia: parcens, 5cd Francofordiam ad nundinas abii, tum papali tum Ca:sareo man­dato cum ipsis egi, pr:z:sertim usus sum iisdem privilegi is vd mandatis qua: a divo Maximiliano Czsare, et nunc moderno imperatore Carolo conse­CUI\IS sum, oHm calcographum ipsum Iohannem Schott coram consulibus iudicibus et senatoribus Francofordiensibus iureiurando compuli, ut faterel\lr q uot libros tales excusserit in lingua Anglica, Germanica, Gallica, aut alio ideomate, tunc ad sacramentum dictum fatebatur quod solum mille sex quatemionum et adhuc mille libros novern qua­temionum Anglico sermone excussisset, et hoc

I Here we ~et the sum1me of 'frere J erome.' , The English translator of Tlu Ship 0./ POIJIs.

H ow did he come into lhis list' " i.~. Constantine.

TRANSLAT ION.

I9ng's grace might order, as an oQedient servant , ambassador or legate, (to obtain) the same privi­leges, according to which I act towards the k ines grace. These privileges, in my opinion, contain that throughout the whole Roman Empire, especi­ally in Germany, no rebels or traitors to the king of England shall be kept or suffered, much less here tics who excite sedition among the Christians of the whole kingdom of England. By force of this privilege, Edmund de la Pole, who called himself the duke of Suffolk, was demanded by king Phil ip, to tie sent into England, as was fitting. Then Wimam Roy, William Tyndale, Jerome Barlow,1 Alexander Barclay,' and thei r adherents, formerly Observants of the order of St. Francis, but now apostates, George Constans' also, and many other rebels of the king's grace, ought to be arrested, punished and delivered up on account of the Lutheran heres)', which ought to be blotted out and rooted up, to confirm the Christian faith, of which there is much need in the kingdom of Eng­land. This opinion of mine the aforesaid privilege will show much more dearly, but 1 have retained no copy of it. Your grace's excellent prudence however will be able 10 consider and manage these matters more prudently than I can express them in writing. \Vben therefore such a mandate comes 10 me hither, I will execute it to the honour 01 Almighty God, your grace and the whole realm 01 England, as a Christian, and with all my diligence. strength and care. I n this manner therefore, fOl

the safety and profit of the king's grace and yours, and of all the subjects of the English realm, both religious and secular, as far as I could with divine help, and according to your grace's command, I searched for heretical books, sparing neither labour nor money. I went to the market at Frankfort with a papal and imperial mandate, using espc· dally the privileges or mandates which I obtained from the latc Emperor Maximilian and now hold from the presenr emperor Charles. I compelled the engrnver J ohn Schott to take an oath before the consuls, judges, and senators of Frankrort to confess how many of such books he had printed in English , Gennan, French or other languages. Then he confessed on oath that he had only printed h itherto a thousand books of six quires 4 and a thousand of nine quires 4 in the English tongue, at

4 Or signatures, i.,. sheets. Roy's R ~d, m~ consists of nine signatures. I suppose ]"1" D ill· IcC. cut rif {atm to be the one of six sheets..

E O

36 THE LANDING AND DISTRIBUTION IN ENGLAND.

HER~IANN RINCK TO WOLSEY.

iussu R oy et Hvckyngk,l qui ~re charentes, libras eXCU5$OS solvere non poterant, multo minus eos in ca:teris Iinguis excudi facere. Quare ipsos ferme omnes emptos Coloniz domi mez habeo, • • . a gratia: vestrz filius meus persuad~bit et desider­abit ut vestra grntia me certior{em faci)at quid cum ipsis commercatis libris fieri velit, t'Jm omni diligentia exequetur et tiel, quoad et mihi et meis Dco favente possibile fuerit Regia: grntia: et vestra: obsequium przstandi. Valeat igitur grntia vestra mulns fa:licibus annis. Datum Coloniz, quarto nonaS Octobris, anno 1528.

Obsequiosissimus ac deditissimus vestrz gratia: ac sanctitatis familiaris, Hermannus Rinckus, manu propria scripsit.

AtUlyts.rtd. Reverendissimo in ("l1risto patri, ac domino Thoma: Cardinali Ebro­censi, archicancellario, iIIustrissimi principis regis Anglia!, etc.

Emwnt d. Harman Rynge. iiij nonas Octobris. (Vi/tllius, B. ui. 43 ; British Museum.)

TRANSLATION,

the order of Royand Hutchins,t",ho had no money to pay for the book5 printed. much less to have them printed in other languages. \Vherefore I !?ought almost all these, and have them at my bouse at Cologne, as my son will show your grace and will request your grace to inform me what you wish to be done with the books so bought, which shall then be executed and done with all diligence as far as is possible to me and mine with God's favour, to show our duty to the Jting's grace and

• yours. So may your grace fare well for many happy years. Dated at Cologne, 4 October, 1p8.

The most dutiful and devote'd servant to your grace and holiness,

HIlRMANN" RtNCK.

Adti"$$td. To the most reverend Father in Christ, and lord Thomas Cardinal of Yor1c, lord Chancellor to the most illustrious Prince, the King of England, etc.

EntllW$td. HARMAN RVNGE, 4 O~f()oty.

5. In A Proper Dayloge/ bctwcnc a gm/illman and a husbandmanl cche c01llplaynynge to nth" their miserable calamitie/ through the ambicion of the clergye, printed by Hans Luft, at Marburg, in Hesse, 1530; and of unknown authorship, unless it be by Jerome Barlow of \ViIliam Roy; there occur, in similar triplets, the following allusions to the burning of the New Testament.

6mlilhmm. Yf the holy gospell allege we shuld As stronge he~tikes take vs they would

Vnlo their churche d isobedient. For why they haue commaunded straytely That none vnder great payne be so hardye

To haue in englishe the testament. Which as thou knowest at London The bisshop makinge ther a sermon

With shamefull blasphemy was brent. n. ij .

\Vhan they 'bTennyd the newe testament They pretendyd a :tete very feruent

To maynteyne oneiy goddes honour. Which they sayde with protestacyon Was obscured by translacyoR

In englysshe/ causynge moche errour. Cvii

V. The Landing and DistribuNon in England. 1. In addition to the warnings of Cochlreus and Rinck, there came

other tidings to the king of the designed introduction into his realm of the Forbidden Book.

EDWARD LEE, the' king's Almoner (who became Archbishop of York in

1 A mistake: Tyndale had nothing to do with either of these books. This statement of &:hott's is

conclusive that the English New Testaments, which were of much greater bulk, were not printed by him.

THE LANDING AND DISTRIBUTION IN ENGLAND 37

1531, and d. 13th September, IS44), journeying into Spain, wrote a letter to the king, from Bordeaux, on 2nd December, 1525, in which he thus announces what he had learnt in his hurried journey through France in the previous month of November.

Please it your Hii bnesse to undrestand that sithen I found $0 large oeca.sion by Englisbe mercbaunts. yOUI' subjects I could DO les!>e than advertise your Grace as well howe (an I am ptoCeded in my iomaye, as also of the successe iothe same. This seconde daye of Decembr I anived at Buraeauhc:, aftre a con­tinuall and as dlligenle j amaye :III this poutr bodie and my eariages togidr would sul'fr, not sparinge oone daye, Sondaycs oooclic except, and oone day at P arisse, (or the relid of my self aDd my hon. In ccrtayne places. as Bolayne. Maurcll, Abbe-vi.! , Bloy5, and this towoe Burdeaub:, I (ownd cortesie and hODor in the reverence of your royall Majestie. At Pariss, Orleanns, and oedr. besides thees reher5ed, DODe: The people shewe them self joyfull of the peax, wiche they wisshe to be perdurable, God Imowethe they have mutche neede of it. • •

Please it your Highnesse moreover to undrestand that I am certainUe emormed as I passed io this eontree that an Englishman, your subject, at the solicitation and instance of Luther, with whome he is, hathe translated the Newe Testament in to English, and within (ewe dayes entendethe to arrive with the same emprinted in Englond. I necde not to advertise your Grace what iDfecDon and daunger may ensue heerbie, if it be not withstonded. This is the next way to fulfill your realme with LutherUris. For all Luthers perv.erse opinions bee grownded opon bar words or Scriptur not well taken ne vndrestonded, wiche your Grace hathe opened in sondrie places o( your royall Booke. All our (orfadres, govemon of the Churche of En&;lond, bathe with all diligence forbed and CJ:chued publication of Englishe bibles, as appercthe in Constitutions pr-ovinci.a.ll of the Churche of Englond. N owe, Sir, as God bathe endued your Grace with Christen courauge to sett forthe the standard against thies Philistees and to venquish them, so I doubte not but that he will assist your Grace to prosecute and performe the same ; that is to vndre trude them that they shall not nowe agaioe lift vppe their hedds, wiehe they cndevOl' nowe by mtanes of Englishe BibleS. They knowe what hurte such books hath doone in your Realme in tymes passed.

Hidretoo, blessed bee God, your Realme is save from infection o( Luthers sect, as (or 50 mutche that althowg anye peradventur bee secretlie blotted within, yet for fear of your royall Majestic, wicbe hathe drawen his swerd in Gods cause, tbey dar not openlie avowe. Wherefor I can not doubte but that yoUI' noble Grace will valiauntlie maignetaine that you have so noblie begonne.

This realme of Fraunce hatbe been somewhat tooched with this sect, in so mutche that it hathe entred amongs the Doctors of Parisse, wherof some bee in prison, some fl ed, some called in JudiciUM. The bisshoppe also of Meulx, called Melden, is summoned for thaI;. cause; for he sulfred Luthers perverse opinions to bee preched in his diocese. Faber also, a man hidertoo noted of excellent good lief and lemyng iscalled among them, but somme saye heer for displeasur, whiehe I can well think. The Parliament of Parisse hath had mutche business to represse thi" Sect. And yet, blessed be God, your noble Realme u yet unblotted. Wherefor lest any dawnger mYiht ensue, if thies Books secreatlie shold bee browght in, I thowght my dutle to advertise your Grace theraf, considering that it toochethe your highe honor, and the wealthe and integrite of the Christen fayth with in your Realme; whiche can not long endur if thies Bookes may comme in. The H olie Gost ~vermor assist your noble Grace. At Burdeaulx, the second daye of Decembr. . • • Your most humble preest, subject, and almosinar-EoouARDI!I: LBa. Sir Henry Ellis's Onr. Lttters, 3 S . ii'13. The original is .MSS. CD~ttm. VtSp.c. iii. /01. :l;U. Orir.

2. The famine in London in IS27 leading to a vastly increased importa­t ion of Corn could have nothing to do with the first introduction of the Testaments by March 1526; though it may have facilitated their later importation. Edward HalleJs account is as follows:

By reason of the great raynes, .wllieh fel in the sowing time 3-nd in the beginning of the last yere now in the btginnina- of thys yere come began sore to fayle throughout the realme, in so ruuche that in the titie of London, bread for a whyle was very skant and peopl" did starne daily for bread, for wheat so fayled

38 THE LANDING AND DISTRIBUTION IN ENGLAND.

that none could be gotten for money. Sauyng Ih:lt the king of his goodncs sent to the dtie of his owne prouysion, vi. C. [six hundred] quarters, or cIs for a weeke ther had ben litle bread in London, yet was the scarcilie more then yederth. For then wheat was only at xv. s. [.Cu. 5$. ad.] the quarter, and from thence it rose to xx. s. LeIS] and after to xxvj . s. viii. d. [£20] the quarter. Men sayd that the negligence was in sir Thomas Seimer knyght then Maior. Many substancial! men would haue made prouision (or their houses, but they feared lest the comminaltie would haue taken it (rom them. Then were CQrnmissions senle into. all shires and commissioners appoynted to see what wheat was in the realme, and the commis­sioners ordered that no wheate should be conueyed out of one shire to another, which commaundmenl had Iyke to haue raysed trouble, and specially the citie of London with the same was sore agreued, for thei had no arable ground to sowe, but must make prouision with money, which prouision was them denied in diuerse shires by t],at commaundement, wherat the chezens grudged, so the Maior and Aldermen seyng that the people began to murmure , came to the Cardinali and moued him o( ye mischiefe that was like to ensue: either the people must dye for famyne orels they wyth strong hand wi! fetche come (rom them that haue it. To whom he answered yat they should haue wheat ynough out of Fraunce, (or the French kyng seyd to me quod the Cardinall that yf he had but three bushels of come in all Fraunce, Englande should haue twayne so muche he loueth and regardeth this realme; with this answer thei departed and euery day laked for French wheat, but none came: and farther such wheat as ye Marchauntes of England had brought and shipped in Normandy, and other places were ther restrained, so that the relefe ther failed, but the gentle marchauntes of ye Styliard brought from Danske, Breme, Hambrough and other places great plentie, and so did other marchauntes from Flanders, Holand and Frislande, so that wheat was better chepe in London, then in all England ouer. Then tho people sayd, se how we had bene serued by the Frenchmen in our necessitie if th[e]emperors subiectes had not holpen vs. For this kindnes the common people loued th[e]emperor the better and al hys subiectes. The kyng of hys goodnes hearyng that ye wheat in Fraunce was stopped, mused not a litle, and so for comfort of thys cyty of London he lent 1.1 [a thousand] quarters, for ye whych they both thanked him and prayed for hym. Then wythin short space the marchauntes or London so diligently made prouysyon in all places for Wheat and R,ye, that after Christmas [1527-8] they lacked none, and al the parties adioynyng to them wer fain to fetch wheate of them and none to them was denied, notwythstandin{t' their vnkynd commaundement geuen that the Londoners should none haue of them. Tlu 'xix. yere if Hen . VIII. [22 Apr. IS21-:U Apr. 1528.] Fat. 166-1'

3. A principal person on the continent, connected with the Importation of the New Testaments into England was Richard Hannan, a merchant of the English factory at Antwerp, respecting whom there is the following Royal prescnpt extant.

A mu tht ljutl U (ThisislMqllulls

autograph]

By the Quene. Trustie and right welbiloved we grete you weill and where as we be crediblie enformed that the berer hereof Richard Herman marchaunte and citizen of Antwerpe in Brabant was in the tyme of the late lorde Cardynall put and expelled frame his ftedome and felowshipe of and in the Englyshe house there for nothing ells (as he aft"ermelhe) but oonly for that that he dyd bathe withe his gooddis and pollide to h is greate hnrte and hynderans in th is worlde helpe to the settyng forthe of the newe testamente in Englyshe/ we therefore desire and instantly praye you that with all spede and fauoure conuenient ye wall cause this good and honest marchaullt being my lordis true faith full and loving subiecte restored to his pristine fredome libertie and felowshipe aforesaid and the sonner at this oure requeste, And at your good leyser to here hym in suche thinges as he hathe to make further declaration vnto you in this behalf Geven vndir our signett at my lordis manoure of Grenewiche the xiiijth daye of l\hy.l

Cotton MSS. Cleop. E . v./ol'350. Addrtlud on tht back. To oure trustie and right welbiloved Thomas Cromwell esquyer chief Secre-­

tarye vnlO my lorde the kinge hyghnes Endorstd on tltt back. The Queenys Grace letters (or Richard Harman.

I The year is IS~4' Cromwell was acting as Secretary of State In April IS34: and was not

made a Lord, untilg July 1536.

THE LANDING AND DISTRIBUTION I N ENGLAND. 39

\Ve possess in a collection of State correspondence between England and the Low Countries in 1526-3 1, now Colt. MSS., Galba B. ix., further information respecting Richard Hamlan's imprisonment at Ant· werp, on the accusation of J oh11 Hackett, the English Envoy. Harman and his wife were sent to prison on 1 2 July 1528; and being charged first with being heretics, afterwards with being traitors, were remanded from time to time, while Hackett was endeavouring to obtain proofs of his accu­sation; which failing to do, they were discharged on 26 February 1529. Hackett writing in December 1528 states that Harman estimated this im­prisonment to have entailed a loss of two thousand guilders [£200 then, equal to £3000 now] j and the above 'letters' of Anne Boleyn's show that he was expelled of the English H ouse at Antwerp. When Hackett therefore happened, on the 7 April following, to be in that city, Harman got him arrested for false imprisonment, but the Amant and Lords of the city after long deliberation released him. 'Whereupon H ackett appealed to the Margrave, and on the 12th April the Amant and Lords of Antwerp were summoned to the court at Mechlin, and there reprimanded and directed to apologise for the affront given to the English Envoy; which they did. Meanwhile Harman sustained C greate hurte and hynderans in this worlde.'

We have in the first 9f Harman's two petitions to the Emperor, in July 1528, both written in Flemish, the exact grounds of his first accusation; for the following abstract of which I am indebted to Edward Levi.en, Esq., M.A., of the British Muse~.

To the Emperor. Richart H ermans and his wife, arrested by the Margrave of Antwerp (1) for having received books from a German merchant (viz. New Testament in English without a gloss'). and sold them to an English merchant who 'has bad them conveyed to England; did not know he had done wrong, be­cause he is • no clerk' [!J (:I) Also accused of sheltering 5us~cted Lutherans ; if so, he did it unwittingly, as many people are in the habit of lodging with him. W Also accused of eating meat on Saturday; did so wittl the knowledge and consent of his priest. 4s money is due by and to him, and he has much busi­ness with English merchants, who may soon depart and so leave him without means to pay his debts, begs the Emperor will give the Margrave an order to release them on solvent bail, promising to return to prison when ordered; especially as he has never supported any of Luther's opillions. /01. 131. O .. ir.

4. Here, as in our researches we leave the continent and return to Eng­land, we cannot but call special attention to the secret, we might almost say organised action of English merchants abroad, by whom Tyndale was sustained. Tyndale lands at H amburgh, an unknown man, in May 1524; within eighteen months he has printed three books, counting Matthew and Mark as one : which apparently involved an investment of money approach­ing to £10,000 of the present day. He had to pay R oy and to defray the

I Although the date, July 1528, is coml?:iU'atively No other English edition printed in Ge.nnany berore bte, this caD be no other than th.e Octavo, lnasmucb this date is knOWIl. as H arman bought them of a Genna" merchant.

40 THE LANDING AND DISTRIBUTION IN ENGLAND.

expenses of living, travel1ing, and the like; yet whether at Hamburgh, at Cologne or at Worms, at Marburg or at Antwerp, he is personally cared for and supported in his great work. Money never failed him. ,\Ve trace · this assistance especially, in that the first impression of the Quarto was reductd from 6000 to 3000 not on the score of money but from fear of detection. And not only Tyndale, but Roy also. Had not Rinck been quick, the English merchants would have redeemed his anti~papal works from pawn, and scattered them through England. We know not the extent of this strong Protestant anti-Wolsey feeling, for many of the early printed English Protestant books which were produced abroad before 1532, such as HoTlulus Anima in English, the very earliest editions of The Primer, and the like, appear to have utterly perished. Yet there are su1;ticient of such works extant to show how heartily many English merchants on the con­tinent laboured for the Reformation of their own country.

5. The printed English Testaments being ready, there was a people pre­pared to receive them. For upwards of a century, amid all manner of national vicissitudes, the Lolla.rds had been multiplying written copies of the original translation of Wycliffe and of its revised version by John Purvey. They had increased, despite continuous persecution; and were now a scattered unorganised association of tradesmen, craftsmen, and such like, especially numerous in those districts nearest the continent and therefore most ac­cessible to influences from without, as in London and the Eastern Counties. Many of them learnt to read-an unusual accomplishment amoog the lower classes at that time; and where they could not read, they often committed to memory entire doctrinal treatises or dialogues, if they were short; or whole gospels or epistles of the New Testament. Fewer of them could

. write, yet it was through the devotion of those few that so many copies of the whole or portions of Holy Writ were spread through the country. They knew each other by the names of brethren and sisters in Christ, or as known men and k1llJWn women. We get an explanation of these latter titles in the follow­ing passage of a book entitled The Reprusor oj uver-muck blaming oj the Clergy, which one of their adversaries, Reginald Pecock, then Bishop of St. Asaph, wrote against them ahout the year 1449.

The firste of tho tel:tis is written t . Cor. lIii.ije c. in the eende thus: StllJuli if nt.y mlUl vn.kn4Witlt, M ",hal h fI",b'4WUIf .l Bi this text thei takeD that if eny-.maD knowith not or putte Dot in what he mal his bisynes forto leeme the writing of the Bible, as it l.ijth in text, namelich the writing of the Newe Testament he schal be vnknowen of Cod forto he eny of hise. And for this, that thei bisien hem silf forto leerne and knowe the Bible, namelich the N ewe Testament, in the forme as it is writun word bi word in the Bible, thei geuen a name propre to hem silf and depe.n hem silf k,1C'WU# 1IUII, as lhoug alle othe~ han them ben

1 This is a very COlTUpt translation by Wydilfe. The Authorised Version has it, But ifan), be ign4. rant, ht him beipwrallt: I Cor. xiv. 38. Thedesig. nation, though a perversion-very eJl:cusable consider_

ing that all the learning of the age was against them­based upon a misttanslation shows how eager these men were after the Word of trulh, as the ~velatioD of the will and mind of God.

THE LANDING AND DISTRI BUTION IN ENGLAND. 4(

vnlmowun; and whanne OOD of hem talkith with an other ofhcm of sum other.iije ( third] man, the hetrer wale aske thus: • Is he a knowc:n man t' and if it [be] answerid to him thus: • Yhe:, he is a knowen man, ' a l is saar, perel is nOI (orto dele with him; and if it be answc:rid to him thus: 'He is DO knowtn man ' dianne: percl is castid forto miche homdi dele: with him. i . 53. Ed. 1860.

\Vhile Lollardism had thus long been a standing element in the religious life of England; there had lately come into the country from the continent two distinct influences of dissent; the new 'learning,' Hebrew, Greek, Plato, and the like i and the new' faith,' ~h e teaching of Luther and his colleagues. \\'hat Lollardism had done for the artisans, these two in­fluences were doing for the Universities, and some of the clergy and monks j unbinding their hearts from old delusions, attaching utterly new ideas to old familiar words, revealing a new way of salvation-faith simply on the Saviour of manldnd-and especially giving insight into the depth, beauty, fulness, and sufficiency to teach, of the SaCl'ed Scriptures. Now the Papal system was, and is chiefly founded upon false ideas being attached to words which are unquestionable. The English Hierarchy, as we shall presently see, instinctively felt that the sting of Tyndale's translation lay precisely in this. Tyndale also knew this to be the point of attack of all others, and inserted the following Prologge entirely for this purpose j that right ideas should be attached to well known words. The three thousand errors with which his translations were charged were for the most part but so many new meanings attached to old words. We shall see presently the grossly dis· honest way in which that number of exceptions was arrived at. Meanwhile we realise the superlative value and importance of a simple truthful transla­tion of the Scriptures over all mere attacks or arguments, to the turning of the minds and hearts of Englishmen to a truer knowledge and a purer love of the Triune God.

6. One of the chief agents in the distribution in England was SIMON FvsHE, the au thor of The Supplicacyofl lor the B eggers. John Fox gives the following account of this boldhearted man in his Actu, c,..c.

Maister Symon Fyshe, home of a Noble stock, a genl!eman or graies inne. one or a tal stature. A. xxxvi. yeare a goo the (yrst yeal'e after he came to London to dwell [whIch was about ye yeare o( our Lord, 1525. Ed. 1510) theire was a certeyne playe made by one maister Roo of the same inne gentil· man, wherin partly ther was matter a geinst the Cardinali Wolsey. And where none dunt take vpon them to pl;..)"e that part which touched the saide C:Jrdinall, Ihis (onaid m:l.iuer fishe toke vpon him to do It wheruvon great displeasure followed vpon the C:l.rdinalls parI, In somuch as he being punued by the said Cardinali the same night this t ragedy W:l.S pbid, was compelled o( (orce to voyde his owue house , and so fled ouer se:l. vnto T indall. '-pon occ.asion wherof the next yeare (ollowing Ihis bake was made, [(being about the yeare 1521) Ed. 1510] and so (not tong arler in the yeare (as I suppose) 1528, was Ed. 1570] sent ouer 10 my Lady Anne Bulleyn, who then lay at :I. place not rarre rrom the Courte. Whiche booke her brother seinge in her hande, looke it and reade it, and gaue it her againe, willing her earnestly to giue it to the king. which thing she so did. ISt Ed., 1563; ,. 448 ; 2rfd Ed., 1570, p. 1152.

Vie have quoted this statement merely to confute it in some particulars. There is an earlier description of this play, which was performed in the Christmas of 1526-7. Tyndale was at that time in 'Worms.

F

42 THE LANDING AND DISTRIBUTION IN ENGLAND.

This Christmas was a g80dly disguisyng plaied at Greis inne, whiche was compiled for the mosle part. by Master l ohn Roo, seriant at the law. xx. yete past, and long before the Cardinali had any aucthoritie, the effecte of the plaie was, that Jorde gouemauncc was ruled by dissipacion and negligence, by whose misgoucr. nance and cui! order, lady Publike welt was put (rom gouernance., which caused Rumor Populi. l nward grudge and disdain of wanton souercignitie, to ryse with a great multitude, to ~pell negligencc and dis· sipation, and to restore Publik weith again to her estate, which wu so done. This plaie was so set furth with riche and costly apparell, with simunge d iuises of Maskcs and morishes that it was highly praised of all menne, sauyng of the Cardinali, whiche imagined that the plait had been diuised ofh ym, and in a ireal furic sent for tbe saied master Roo, and toke from hym his Coyfe, and sent hym to the Flete, and after he sent for the yong gentlemen, that plaied in the plaie, and them hyghly rebuked a Dd thretened, and $tnt one of them called Thomas Moyle of Kent to the F lete, but by the meane! of freeDdt'$ Master Roo and he wer deliuered at last. T his plaie sore displeased the Cardinali, and yet it was neuer meaDte to hym, as you haue harde, wherfore many wysemen grudged to see hym take it so hartely, and euerthe Cardinali saied that the Kyog was hyghly displeased with it, and spake nothyng of hymselfe. Tlu A"tJij/A. 7"' d Hm. VIlI.: (22 Apr. 1526-21 Apr. 15271 /01. 15.4' Ed. 1548.

There is a letter, date 6 February I527, in the State Paper Office, of Archbishop Warharn, deprecating the excessive punishment of Serjeant Roo. The date of the play is therefore beyond question. It is certain that Fyshe did not go beyond the seas to Tyndale, in January 1527. He may for a time have been in hiding: otherwise when the stonn had blown over he occupied his own house in Whitefriars up to the spring of 1528" and was busily engaged in superintending the sale of the New Testaments which he had received from Richard Harman.

\Viaiam Rastell, Serjeant at law, who edited the English 'Workes' of his uncle Sir Thomas More, states that TIle Supplycacyon of Soulys was 'made' in 1529. It was certainly wrillm after Tyndale's Ob~dienc~ of a Christian Mall (the printing of which, at Marburg ill Hesse, was finished on 8 October 1528) had reached England, as the note at p . • 8 testifies. It could therefore have hardly been writlm until early in 1529. It was ' published--as the title-page of the first edition ~itnesses-while More was still only Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and therefore before

. 25 October 1529, when he became Lord Chancellor. ··More was also abroad signing the Treaty of Cambrai in July and August [the treaty was signed on 5 August], and with the King at Woodstock in September: his Supplicacyoll was therefore in all ·likelihood writ/ttl in the spring of the year, though it may have been published while he was on the continent.

The composition of More's "Supplicacyon fixes with certainty the public­ation of Fyshe's Supplicacyonfor I lle .B~ersJ to which it is a prompt reply, to have been early in 1529. 'That dyspytuose and dyspytelul person/ which of late vnder pretexte of pytel made and put lorth among youl a boke that he namyd the supplycacyon for the beggarsl' fo!. I. Fox states that Fyshe's Invective was ' throwen and scattered at the procession in Westminster upon Candlemas day, before the king,' and that Wolsey caused his servants .' diligently to attende to gather them up that they should not come into the kinges handes.' pp. 445-9. Ed. 1563.

THE LANDING AND DISTRIBUTION IN ENGLAND. 43

Fyshe may have gone abroad as soon as the persecution of 1528 arose ~ and there printed his Supplicacyoll, which is a small eight-paged tract, now excessively scarce. Anyhow he was soon back again in London; w~ere he died in 1530.

1. But the most precise evidence as to the Distribution is t9 be found in the confession of ROBERT NEC1'ON, made apparently at London in 1528. It is reprinted by Strype from the Registries of the Bishop of London: There is no date, but it was certainly made about the middle of that year. NectoD distinctly refers to this Quarto edition as ' of the great volume: 'of the biggest ': to the Octavo edition as 'of .the smal volume J :

and to the first surreptitious edition, printed by Christopher Endhoven at Antwerp in th,e autumn of 15 26, in the edition that was offered to him about C~ristrnas 1527, by the I D uche J i. e. German man. He also gives us information as to the prices at which the Testaments were sold.

WE bowght at sondry tymes of Mr Fyshe dwellyng by the Whight Frea~ in London, many of the New T estaments in English; that is to S3y . now v. and now x. And sometyme mo, 3nd some' tyme less, to the nombre of xx. or xxx. in the gret volume. T he which New TestamenL~ the

sai lli. Mr Fyshe had of one H armond, an English man. beyng beyond see. But how many he had this respondent cannot tell. And this respondent saith, that about a yere and half agon he fell in a quain· taunce wi th Vicar Conslanlyne here in London. 'Vh ich shewed this respondent first, that the said ?!Ir Fyshe had New Testaments to sell; and caused this respondent to by some of the said New Testaments ofMr Fysbe. And the said Mr Fyshe, at the desire and instance of Vicar Constantine, browghte the said N ew Testaments home to this respondents house. And before that Vicar Constantine caused this respond. ent to by some of the s.aid New Tes:aments, he had none, nor no other books, except the cbapiters of Matthew. I

And moreover, this respondent s.aith, that about the same ' tyme he lold fyve of the said New Testa­ments to Sir William Furboshore Iynging man, in Stowmarket in Suffolk, for VII. or VIII . grotes a pece [2.1'. "d. or :u. ad. equal to £. ISS. od. or £'1 os. od. oow]. Also, two of the same New Testaments in Bury St Edmonds; that is to say, to Raynold 'Vodelesse one; and Thomas H orran another, for the same price. . '

Also, he saith, that about Cristmas last, he sold one New Testament to a P riste ; whose name he cannot teil, dwellyng at Pycknam Wade in Northfolke; and two Lalin books the one O~colU}m;a Chr;S/14lta;' and the other Uuio Dissidtn/bmr..1 Abo, one Testament to William Gibsun merehaunt man, of the parish of S. MaRaret Patens.

Also, Vica.r Constantyne at dyvers Iymes had of this respoodent about a xv. or XVI. or the New Testaments of the biggest. And this respondent saith, that the sard Vicar Constantyne dyvers tymes

1 Evidently Tyndale's first publication. t This book has defied my research. All I can

lurn of it is its fuller ticle, E(olU}lIr.l&a CAris/ialt. r~11f "'ri,11411(1m iltstituem.

I A Protestant work by the' venerable' Doctor, Herman Bodiul. Of the Latin editions of separate parts, sep:mately issue!! one anei- the other, before 1517, I have been unable to see a copy; but have inspected a French edition, L'II1114n. tie limit dis­(ortil, printed by Martin Empereur a t Antwerp in 15)2. It is a collection of passages or Scripture and of extracts from 17 of the early Fathers; and has for its motto Sfts mea lesus. The first treats of (I) Adam's transgression aod original sin. (1) All men are sinners through Adam. 0> H ow

we are delivered from sin, and concerning infant baptism. (,,) Concerning predestination, vocation, justification, and glorification. (s) Concerning the double law, i. l. the natural law and the l"Dsitive law. (6) The works or the law . (1) Of Judicial law and the secular sword. (8) Of grace and merit. (9) or faith and its work$.

The second part treats (10) Of the sufficiency of the word of God. (11) Or penitence and the three modes of confession. (1 2) Of brotherly rebuke. (lJ) Of abstinence and fasting. (r.) Of prayer. (IS) Of the laboUT of the hands. (16) Of pardons and indulgences. (17) or the sacrament of the Body and Blood. of Christ. (18) or the order of the ecclesiastical constitution. (19) That

F 2

44 lHE L A NDIN G AND DISTRI BUTION IN E NGLAND.

bowght of him cerlayne of the sayd New Testaments: and this respondent lykewisc, of hym. Also. ho sold Sir Richard Bayfell two New Testaments unbound, about Cristmas last; (or the which he payd iiis iiiid. (£;1 10$. cd. ]

Fanhermorc, he aaith, that he hath sold v. OT VI. 0( the said N . Testaments to diverse persons of the cite of London, whose namys, or dwellyng places, he dOth not remember.

Moreover, he sailh, that since Easter last , he bowgh t of Geffray [ Lolme] U~fler of Saynct Antonyes, with whom he hath byn aqueynted by the space of a yue, or therabout (by reason he was MT Forman, the person of Hony Lane his sc rvan~ and (or that this respondent did moche resort to the 53.id persons ser­mons) XV III . N. Test:lments in English of the smal volume, and l(XVI. books , al of ont son. called O«Dno­mia CI,ristialla in Latin: and two other books in Latin, called U1fi~ Dissid~nf;um. For which he payed hym XL I. [£)0.] Of the which Ou~n~lItia Christia114 Vicar Con$tantyne had XIII. at one tyme.

And of which N. Te$taments since Easter this respondent earyed xv. of them, and the other XXIII. O~c~II~lIIia ChristiaHa, to Lynne, to sell. Which he wold have. sold to a young man, called Will iam

• merchant man, dwellyng by one M r. Burde of the same towne. 'Which young man wold not medle with the m, because t!tey were prohibite. And so this respondent left the saM! books at Lynne with the said William, untyll his retornyng thider ayen. And so the $;lid hookes do remayne ther still, as yet. And two of the said N. Testamehtl he hath in his own custodie, with another of the great volume. Also, another Te!>tament of the smaJ volume he sold since Easter to young Elderton, merchant man, of Saynct Mary Hill parishe.

H owbeit he saith, that he knew not that any of lhies hooke! were of Luthers sect. 1'0 the xv tilth (i~. article of the IndictmentJ, That he hath byn a ru~/t~r, he saith, that he twice or

thryese hath byn in Thomas Mathews house of Colchestre. Wheras he hath red diverse tymes in the N. Testament in English , before the said Thomas Matthew, his wife, ,VilJiam Dykes, and other servantes ther. And there, and then have herd old Fathe r Hacker speke of prophe$ies: and ha ve had communi­cation$ of diverse articles; which he doth not now remembc:r.

To the XJxth, 50 begynnyng, That h~ W~1/1 060Ht t~ D,Y a rr~at 1f~mDr~ of N. Tuto1funll, he saith, that about Cristmas last, there came a Duche man, beyng now in the Flete, which wold have sold this re­spondent, ii or iii hundreth of the said N, 1'estament:< in English: which this respondent did not by ; but ~nt him to M r Fyshe to by them: and said to the Duehe man, Look what Mr Fyshe doth, I wi! do the same. But whether l'IIr Fyshe bowght a ny of them, he cannot te ll : for which iii. hundreth be shold have paid XVII. vs!., after Ixd. a pece. [£)00 at ¢. would amount to £u 50" oIi.: representing 111. 3d. and £168 150'. ad. now. The price offered was evidently put at the very lowest.)

To the xx. article, Thill he is infrtlm~d; he sailh , that since Easter last, he was at Norwicbe at hLs brothers house, wher as one had complayned of this respondent to my Lord or Norwiehe, because he had a N. Testament. 'Vherfor bis brother counceled this respondent to send or deiyver his said N. T esta· ment: and said to him, If he wold not delyver it, my Lord or Norwiehe would send him to my Lord of London, his Ordinary. And so arterwards he sent it to London by the caryer .

1'0 the XXI. article, so begynnyng, Tltat (~Hlrory I~ Ih~ .Jr~hiDiti~n,..u !at! lult flu Nrw Ttsta71t~n t, he confes$ith, that after he had knowledge of the condempnation of tbe said N. Testament, by the space or a yere, or more, he balb had in his cU$lodie, kept, and studyed the same Tutament, and have red it t horoughly many lymes. And aJso have red in it as weI within the citie and diocess of London, as within the citie and diocesse of N orwiche. And not oneiy red it to himself, but redd and tawght it to diverse other.

To the XXII. be answeryth and denyeth, that he had Wycliefs Wycket or the ApocaJips at any tyme.

J. STRvpa, E(d~s. lIf~m. I. PaTt 11.11. 6)-5' Ed. 1822. P er me ROBERT NI!:CTON.t

all the faithful are priests, k ings, and prophets: but all are not ministers of the church. (20) Of the honour due to saints. (2 1) Of the burial of the dead. (22) Of Antichrist. h3) or the flight and persecutions of Christians.. {2,,) Of the C3SCnce of divinity. The Fathers qUOted are Ambrose, Athanasius, Augustine Bcde. Bernard, Chrysostom, Clemens, Cyprian, Cyril, FulJl;enlius,

Gregory, H ilarius., J erome, La.ctantius, Origen, Tertulhan, Theophylactus. This work was of grea t value in I?roving that the doctrine of the Reformers agreed With that or the Fathers and of S(:ripture.

t The general tenour of the conression would seem to show that N ecton was answering three general (:harg6; as to the Quarto, then as to tbe Octavo, then as to the Antwerp impression.

THE LANDING AND DI STRIBUTI ON IN ENGLAND. -15

N ecton, whose brother was Sheriff of N onvich in 1530, and who him· self appears to have been of good posi tion, does not seem to have carried on this hazardous work of colportage for the. sake of money ; but to have sold the T estaments approximately at cost price, viz. at about two shill ings or two shillings and sixpence each, bound [equal to £ 1 l os.od. to £ 1 I7s. 6d. each].

If three thousand copies were struck off of each edition by T yndale's printers; the amount invested by the English merchants, who supported him in the two im pressions, at two shi llings each copy, was £600, repre­senting £ 9,000 o( the present day. I t would seem also from the above, that the Octavo copies were cheaper than those in Quarto : but Necton's deposition is not sufficiently clear to determine by how much.

8. Respecting Constantine 1 and N ecton, theJ:e is the following later in­formation in Sir Thomas More's C()Il/u/acy()n ()f Tylldaiu A 1tsweTe, 1532 : with which we must here dismiss them.

As George Constantyne ere he escaped, W3.S redy to haue in worde at the leste wyse abiured all that holy doctryne (.410,..' is sjlflkinr d~"'isivd)']/ what his herte was god and he know, and peraduenture the deuyll to yf he emended otherwyse. But surely there was entended toward hym somwhat more good, then his dealynge had byfore deserued. And so myeh the more fauour was there mynded hym, in that he $tmed very penytent of his my sse vsynge of hym selfe, in fallynge to l'yndales heresyes agayne. For whyehe he knowledged hym selfe worthy to be hanged, that he hadde so fa lsely abused the kynges iflIciouse remis­syon and pardon geuen hym byfore/ and hadde for all that in the whyle both bought and solde of those herctycall bokes, and secretely set forth those heresyes. \Vherof he shewed hym selfe SO repentaunt, that he vttered and dysclosed dyuers of hys companyons, of whom there are some abiured synnys, tha t he wyste well were abiured before, namely Rycharde Necton whyche was by COnStantynes deteccyon taken and commytted to Newgate / where except he happe to dye before in pryson, he standeth in g rete paryU to be ere it be longe, for hys fall ynge agayne to Tindales heresyes burned. • . • • .

H ow be it Necton now syth he was taken sayed tha t hys wyfe had burned them. But it is well knowen that Neelon had hym selfe and a man of hys also, solde many such hokes of heresye, bothe in London and in other shyres syth his abiuracYOII. • . . • Cc.i.

H ow be it as for Constantyne as I sayd before, semed in pryson here very penytent, and vtterly mynded to forsake such heresyes and here tykes for euer. In profe wherof he not onely de tected as I sayd hysowne dedes and his felowes, but also studyed and deuysed how those delle lysshe bookes whyche hym selfe and other of hys fdowes hadde brought and shypped, myghte come to the byssboppes handes to be burned. And

I The following somewhat ill~(l1'W(t account of this man may be preserved in a note.

Geor,lte Copstantine, born about 1$04 , received his education in Cambridge university. and was bachelor of canon law 1524' Acopting Protestant opinions he went to Antwerp, where he assisled Tyndale and J oye in the transla tion of the New T estamenl, and the compilat ion of various books exposing the corruptions of the church and the supen.tition of the age. Whils t in Brabant he practised for a yea r as a surgeon. About t 5]O he was seized on a visit he made to Eng­land for the dispe~ion of prohibited boob. He was examined by lir Thomas More, and is said to have made disclosures as to his associates

abroad in order 10 escape punishment for heresy. It seems however that sil Thomas More set him In

the stocks, and that he made his escape and went again to Antwerp. He was residing in Wales 1539. About 15+6 he became registrar of the diocese of St. David s, and in 1549 archdeacon of Carmarthen. He was one of the principal accusers of Ferrar bisho? of St. David's, but before the death ef tha t prelate was reconciled to him. In 1559 he became archdeacon of Brecon, which office was vacated the ume ye:u- by his death. It appears that he was married, and had a daughter who was the wife or T homas Young. a fterwards bishop of St. David's, and ultimately archbishop of York. C. H . aDd 1'. COOPER, AJ". Calltail . i. :lOS, E d. 18S8.

46 THE LANDING ANp DISTRlBUTION IN ENGLAND.

therfore he shewed me the shypmannes name that had them, and the markes of the (erdelJ)'s, by whych I haUl: synnys hy!; e$Cape receyued thorn. And it maye be by gOOdes grace, that though I~e man Red bense for reare of suche harme as he wyste he had well deseruedJ and yet Will nothynge towarde hym. but per. aduenture more good then he was ware of : he is yet amended in hys mynde and hath in hys hartc forsaken aU T yndalcs heresyes, and so I pray god it bel for I wold be sory yat euer Tyndale sholde glory and boste of hys burnynge. H ow be it in the meane whyle, tyU it may well apperc thai he be surely turned to the C3tholyke (aylb agayne. I wil aduyse all good crysten (olke and specyally the kyngcs subieetcs, to forbere and eslyew [esc;huewe) hys CODlpany. For yat englyshe ~ wbich shaU be founden to be famylY:lI"f wyth hym there, before his conuersyon here knowen and proued, maye therby brynge hym selfe in5uspycyoD of heresye, and happely here thereof a t hys retoumynge hyther. Cc. ii.

9. It is with regret that we cannot enter here into the story of ROBERT

B ARNES, ·D.D., the Augustine monk of Cambridge; of his Sermon on Christmas Eve, 24 Dec. 1525, and the consequent trouble that came to him through it until it climaxed in that 'gorgeous fasyng with myters, and crOSM staues, abbots and pryours,' with Wolsey enthroned at their head, at St. Paul's on Sunday II Feb. 1526. There Barnes was put to open penance and thence returned to "the Fleet, where he remained about six months. After which he w.as a free prisoner at the Augustine Friary in London, where~ve have the following pictures of him, actively engaged in the distri­but ion of the printed New Testaments.

John TybaJl of Steeple Bumsted, on 28 April '528, deposed as fol1ows~ Furthennore, he saythe, that at Mychaelmas.se last past was twelve monethe this respondent and Thomas

Hilles came to London to Frear Barons, then being at the Freers Augustines in London, to buy a New Testament in Engli'she, as he say the. And they found the sayd Freer Ba.rons in his chamber; wheras there was a merchant man, reading in a boke, and ii. or iii. more present. And when they came in, the Frear demawnded them, from whence they cam. And they said, rrom Bumstede ; and so forth in communication they desyred the sayd Freer Barons, that th[e)y myght be aquaynted with hym ; because they had herd that he wasa good man; and bycause they wold have his cownsel in the New Testament, which they desyred. to have of hym. And he saithe, that the Soayd Frear Barons did perseve very well, that Thomas Hilles and ~his respondent were infected with opinions, bycause they wold have the New Testament. And then fanher they shewyed the sayd Frev. that one Sir Richard Fox Curate of Bumstede, by ther means, was weI entred in ther lernyng; and sayd, that they thowgh"te to gett hym hole in shorte space. Wherfore they desyryd the sayd Frear Barons to make a letter to hym, that he wold continew in that he had begon. Which Frear did promyseso to wryte to hym a leiter a t afternoone, and to gete them a New Testament. And then after tha t communication, the sayd Thomas Hilles and this respondent shewyd the Frear Bvons of cenayne old bookes that they had : as or iiii. E vangelistes, and ceruyne Epistles of Peter and Poule in Englishe. Which bookes the sayd Frev dyd little regard, and made a twyte of it, and sayd, A poynt for them, for they be Dot to be regarded toward the new printed Testament in Englishe. For it is of more cleyner Englishe. And then the sayd Frear Barons deIyverid to them the sayd New Testament in Eaglyshe : for which they payd ilisild [£. u/.6d.] and desyred them, that they wold kepe yt close. For he wolde be loth that it shold be knowen, as he now remembreth. And after thedclyvennce of the sayd New T estament to them, the Frear Baronsdyd Iyken the New Testament in Latyn to a cymball tynkklyng, aDd brasse sowndyng. But what rarther exposytion he made uppon it, he cannot tell. And then at aftemone they fett the sayd letter or the sayd Frear, which he wrote to Sir Richard : and red tbat openly before them, but he doth not now remember what was in the same. And so depanyd from bym ; aod did never since speke with hym. or write to hym, as he saithe. Also, he saithe, that abowgh a half year agone, he delyverid the sayd New Testament to Frear Gardyner : which he ne"/er had ageyne. J. STRVPB. E~~ul. Mil". I. Pa.rt It",pj. 54-5. Ed .• 822.

Har!. MSS. 42I,jot. 35, contains what is without doubt the correspond-

1HE LANDING AND DISTRIBUTION IN ENGLAND. 47

ing deposition of T. Hilles, servant of Christopher Raven a tailor of Wytham. "It runs thus:

Also he saithe that abowt whYlsontyde was Iwelr moneth he came to london with l ohn Tyball and speke with (ru r barons at frears Augustyns in his chambrc and the said Iohn Tyball told the said (rear barons that they came (rom Cantcbrigc to by some of the new testaments. And in his chambre they fowndc a young gentleman whom he did not know hauyng a chayne about his neck, to whom the said (rear did rcdc in the newe testament and this respondent taryed still in his chambre and herd hym cede a chapitour. of powlc as he remembrith and after that done I. Tyball moued the said frear barons of sir Richard Ffox and shewed that .sir Richard was well lerned and rekcned that be wold do well whe rfore he desyred frcar barons that he wold wryte a louyng letter to the said sir Richard which frere barons SO wrote a letter to the !kli.d sir Richan.l which letter after he had wry ten it he did rede it to this re­spondent and Iohn Tyball, howbe it he doth not now remenWtre what was conteyned in it and de1yuued to Tyball. And afterward eche of them bowght a new testament in Englishe of hem' and paid iijs [£7 51. od.) for a pece, which he kept after that it was forboyden [1 Sept. or Oct. 1526) vntyll the sonda) before myd lent last past [8 March 1528). In which new testament he red in Roger a Tanner house of bres Gyfford, bower hall, mother Bochers and mother Charles, and at last sold the said !lew testament to sir Richard Ffox. •

10. Of the labours of GEOFFRAY LOUIE, STEPHEN FORMAN, S.T.P. , and other suspected Distributors, not much detailed information has come down to us.

1\. These Testament-Circulators deserve to be held in perpetual honour. They were anti-Papists before the Testaments arrived in this country. They instinctively saw in them die great instruments of deliverance of the people from priestly thraldom that weighed so heavily upon them: and at the hazard of all their worldly health and wealth, they devoted themselves to the dangerous work of their distribution far and wide.

12. It may be interesting to close this section with the records of the earliest possession of the printed New Testaments in England, viz. In

March and April I526,·as yet known. John Pykas, a baker of Colchester, confessed on 7 March 1528:~

That about a v years last past a t a certayne tyme his mother then dweUyng in Bury Stnt for hym and mouyd hym that he shuld not beleve ill the s.acraments of the church for that was not the ryiht way. And then she delyvered to this respondent. on[e) booke of powles Epistoles-in ElIglyshc and bide hym Iyve after the maner and way of the said epistoles and gospells and not after the way that the church doth. teche. Also about a ij yere last past he bowght in CotchCl'ter of a lumbard of london a new testament in Englishe and paid for it iiijs [£3) which new testament he kept by the spac~ of iiij yeres (1 months} and red it thorowghly many tymes. And afterward when he hard that the s.a id new testament was forboden that no man should kepe them. he delyvesed it and the book of powles Ep.isloies to his mothe~ ayen. Ba,.l. MSS. 471,/01. J7.

J ohn Tyball of Steeple Bumsted, already quoted, confessed on 28 April 15 28 :~

Furthermore. he saytbe, that abowght ii yeres agon he companyed with Sir Richard Foxe Curate of Bumstede, and shewid hym a1 his bookys that he had; that is to say. the New Testamente in Englishe. the Gospel of Matthew and Mark in Englishe ; which. be had of J ohn Pykas of Colchester; and a book ex­poundyng the Pater NoJler, the Aw Ma,.fa, and the C,.ed,,; certain of Powles Epistoles in Englisbe,after th[e) old translation; the iiii Evangelists in Englishe. J . STRYPL Eules. II{mr. 1. Pa,.t II., :/:/. 5~-3. Ed. 18~7.

THE PERSECUTION iN ENGLAND.

VI. The Persecution in England. The huntin,g down of the Book (and it is with that chiefiy that we have

to do) preceded the punishment of its readers. 1. OUf earliest printed information of the very first action of Cardinal

Wolsey and the Bishops respecting the destruction of the printed New Testaments comes to us in the name of the King himself.

Luther, on 1St Sept. 1525, wrote his second letter to Henry VIII.; but with bad taste published it before the King himself re~eived it, which was not till the 20th of March, 1526 . . Some time aftenvards Henry printed his answer, with Luther's letter ; prefixing to both a short preface Pio Leday;; all three in Latin: in a small book entitled Lilcrariu1Il, quibus respondet ad quandam pis/a/am Lutheri, the printing of which was finished by R. Pynson on the 2nd of December, 1526.

Not satisfied with this, H enry subsequently had this work translated into English: A copy of tIlt letters wlu rin tlu most redouted and migMy prince! our souerayne lorde kYl1g Henry the eight! ky ng of E1Ig/ande and of Frmmce! dr/msor of the faith ! alld lorde of lrelande .. made answere vnto a certayne letter of Marlyll Lutlurl sent vnto Ilym by tlte samej and a/so a copy of ye foresayd Luthers leller/ in suclu order! as lu rea/ier f olloweth: which was also printed by Pynson, without date: but the latest date assignable to it cannot be long after the beginning of '5'7. For Jerome doubtless got the account he gave to Roy of the Episcopal ' consistory,' from it.

To this English translation there was added in the King's name a special preface in which occurs the following passage.

For we dOllte nat but it is well knowen to you aliI that Martyn Luther late a frere AligustyneJ and now .ron Ollt in Apostacy and wedded/ hath nat onely scraped out of the ass~enJ and kyndeled agayne/ almost all the embres of those olde errours and heresyesJ that euer heretyke helde sythe Christ was bome hytherto : but hath also added some so poysoned pointes of his owncJ so wretched. / so vyle/ so detestable/ prouokynie men to myschefel encoragyng the worlde to lynJ preachyng an vnsaciat Iybcrtel to alleden them with aliI and fina llyl $0 farre against all honestyl vertue and reasonJ that neuer WllS there ent iUly heretyke/ so fane voyde of all grace and wytl that dunt fOf shame 'peke them. We therfore seyng these heresyes sprede abrode/ and inwardly sorowynge so many christen soules to ron to royne/ as hath done in other regionsl by the occasyon of suche pestylent errours/ entendyng for our partel somwhat to set hande therto/ wrote after our meane lemyng/ a lytell treatyse/ for the asscrtyon and probatyon of the holy sacramentes: In whiche we reproued/ and as we t rust/ suffyciently refuted and conuynced{ the most pa rte of the de testable heresies of the sayde Luther/ contaygned in his abhomynable bokel entytuled de Ba6il(J" ,~a CajJIiHilate. For angre and furye wheron vpon two yeres after1 Luther wrote and sent oUle agaynst vs a boke/ Dothyng answeryng to ye mater/ but all reason sette asyde/ stuffed vp his booke with only furious raylyng/ whiche his boke we regardynge/ as it was worthyJ contempned and nat wolde vouche safe any thing to reply/ reputyng OUf selfe in Christes cause/ nat to good with a ryght meane man to rel son or contraryl but nothing metely frutclesse with a leude Frere to rayle. So came it than to passel that Luther a t laste/ parceyuyng wyse men to espye hym/lemed men to leaue hym/ good men toabhorrc hym/ and his f..antyke fauourers to rall to wracke/ the nobles and honest people in Almaygnel bcynge taught by the profe of his vngr:l.tyous prac· tysel moche more hurt and myschcfc to folowe theron than euer they loked after/ deuysed a letter 10 VS/

writtenj to abuse them and all otber nations/ in such wyse/ as ye by the contentes the ron hereafter shal well

THE PERSECUTiON IN ENGLAND. 49 .

perccyue. In whiche he fayneth hilIl$elfe to be en(ormed! that we be toumed to the fauour of his sectc. And with many fbteryng wordest he laboretb to haul! VI content that he myght be bolde to write to VI; in the mater/ and cause of the gospeU: And thervpon without answere had (rom vs/ nat onely publysshed the same letter and put it in print/ of purpose that his adherentes shulde be the bolder/ vndtt ye :shadowe of our (auour! but also fell in dc:uyce with one or two Icude persons! borne in this our realme/ (or the translatyng of the Newt testament in to Englysshe/ as well with many corruptions of that holy textl a.s certayoc prefaces/ and other pestylente gloses in the margentesl for the aduauncement and settyng (orlhc of his adbomynablc hcresycs/ cntcndynge to abuse the gode myndes and deuotion/ that you oure dertly beloued people beare towarde the holy scrypture/ and to eafecI you with the deedly corruption and contagious odour of his pestylent errours. In the aduoydynge wherof/ we of our especiaU tendt-e zeale towardes you/ haue with the deliberate aduyse of the most reuerende father in god/ Thomas lorde Cardynalll legate de Latere of the see apostolykeJ Archebysshop of yorke/ primate and our Chauncellour of this realm(I and other reuerende fathers of the spyritualtyeJ determyned the sayd and vntrue translatyons to be brenned/ with further sharppe correction and punisshment against the keparsand reders of the same/ rekenyng of your wisdomes very sure that ye wyll well and thankfully parceyue our tendre and louyng mynde towarde you therin/ and that ye will n~uer be 50 gredy vppon any swete wyne/ be the grape neuer so plesaunt/ that ye wyll desyre to taste ill beyng well aduertised yat your enemy before hath poysoned it. • • . •

,. We thenore our well·beloued people/ nat wyllyng you by such subtell meanesj to be disceyued or seduced/ haue of our especiall fauour toward youl translated for youl and gyuen out vnto youl as well his said letter written to vs/ as our answere also made vnto the same: By the sight wherof{ ye may partely parceyue bothe what the man is in hym selfel and of what sorte is his doctrine.

Enm,. 1M Bodkian. eob of Ihis Izussivll,y 1'/J,-,I",ul.

There was then indubitably a secret deliberation of the Cardinal and the Bishops at some time after Tonstall's arrival home in April, 1526; and, as we shall immediately see, before or in the October following.

2. One of the first results of this concerted action was the sennon at Paul's Cross by Tonstall, Bishop of London, in which he told the peopl .. that there were three thousand errors in the translation, and made the other statements quoted by Roy, see pp. 30-3 I. On this occasion Tyndaie's New Testaments were first offi.cially denounced, and publicly burllt.

Though the date of this Sermon and Auto da je cannot be exactly recovered, it may provisionally- until demonstrative proof turns up-be placed in September or October of that year.

A confused rumour of the occurrence reached even to Rome; and there is extant a letter of Cardinal Campeggio to Wolsey, dated Rome, 21

"November, IS26, which begins with the following passage-

Non possum non maxime laetari, cum quottidie intelligam a serenissimo et potentissimo Rege nostro ope[ra) et diligentia lIIustrissimae Domina­tionis vest rae, al iquod opus gloriosum et salutare pro tuenda religione Christiana. in isto su[o] regno geri. sicuti nuper !;Urn summa eius laude et gloria auditum est, Majestatem suam sacrum B[ibli.ae] codicem, qui ad pel1.lertendum pias fidelium simpli­dum mentes a perlidis abominandz sectz Lut(her­anaeJ sec:tatoribus uernaculo sermone deprauatus. et ad eiu$ regnum delatus fuerat, iustissime com­burl fecisse. Quo certe nullum gratius omnipotenti

I caDnot but greatly rejoice, when I hear dail} from our most serene and most powerful king, that by your most illustrious Lordship's assistance and diligenu, a glorious and saving work is being ear­ried on in his kingdom for the protection of the Christian rel igion i as, for instance, we lately heard, to his Majesty"great praise and glory, that he had most justly caused to be burnt a copy of the Holy BilJle, which had been mistranslated into the common tongue by the faithless followers of Luther'sabomin­able sect, 10 pervert the pious minds of simple believers, and had been brought into his lingdom.

G

50 THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND.

Deo holocaustum fieri potuit. Persisbt igitur IlIustrissima [Dominatio vestra] in ea in qua est specula, et pium Christianissimumque illud regnum a tam scelerata et peruersa heresi, (uti semper fecit) tueatur atque defendat. Vt Maximi Regis nostri proprium decus sit Ch[ristianam] fidem non minus felicissimis armis quam diuino ingenio summis lucubrationibus et exacta di­lige[ntia] a sceleratis hostibus protexisse et in tutiorem, felicioremque statum redegisse. Quod ego, qui eiu[sJ incomparabiles uirtutes optime noui, omnibus affinno, et futurum certissime confido.­Coli. MSS. Vii. B. viii. 16,..

Assuredly no burnt offerin~ could be more pleasing to Almighty God.

May your most Illustrious Lordship long continue on your present watchtower, and protect and defend, as you have always done, that pious and most Christian kingdom, from so accur.;ed and perverse a heresy, so that the peculiar glory of our great king may be to have protected the Christian faith (rom the accursed enemies, not less by successful war, than by his divine taients, great SHldies, and careful diligence, and to have brought the faith into a safer and more happy state. Of this, I, who well know his incomparable virtues, assure every one, and I most assuredly trust that it will be so.

Henry may have himself, as a symbolical and official act, burnt one copy of Tyndale's translation (for no English Bible existed at the time or for long after) ; but it is far more reasonable to take the Rumour in Rome as originating from the Burning at Paul's Cross. If so, allowing a month backwards from 21 November for the news to travel to the Papal Court, we get the middle of October as the approximate date of Tonstall's Sermon and Bonfire.

3. This seems the more probable: inasmuch as without doubt that Sermon and its attendant Fire were only a part of a general scheme of attack on t-l}e Forbidden Book: and it was on the 24th_ of October, 1526, that Tonstall issued the following injunction to his four Archdeacons of London, Middlesex, Essex, and Colchester, after the manner of the following one. Cutbertus permissione diuina Lond. Episcopus

dilecto nobis in Christo Archidiacono nostro Londo. seu eius officiali, salutem gratiam et bene­dictionem. Ex pastoralis officij nostri debitoeaquz ad subiec_

torum nosttorum periculum, et maxime ad intenle­t ionem animarum earundem tendere dinoscuntur, salubriter propellere et totis viribus extirpare as­tringimur. Sane ex fide dignorumrelatione ipsaque rei euidentia,' ad nostram iamdudum peruenit noti­ciam, quod nonnulli iniquitatis filij ac Lutheranz factionis ministri quos summa excaecauit malicia, a na veritatis et orthodoxz fidei declinantes, sanctum dei euangelium in vulj!:are nostrum Anglicanum subdola vel1lutia transferentes ac nonnullos hzre­ticz prauiJati~ articulos et opilliones erroneas perni­ciosas pestiferas, scandalosas etsimplicium mentium seductiuas intenniscentes, illibatam hact~nus sacrz scripturz. nmiestatem, suis nepharijs et tortuosis interpretationibus ptophanare, et verbo domini sa­crosancto et recto seosu eiusdem caUide et peruerse abuti tentariot. Cuius quidem translationis non-

TRANSLATION BY JOHN FOX.

Cutbert by the permission of god, byshop of London, vnto our · well~loued in christ the Archdeacon of London, or to his ollidall, hellh grace and benediction. By the deuty of our pastoral! office, we are

bounde diligently with all our power to forsee, ptouide for, roote out and put away all those things, which serne to tende to the perill and daunger of our subiectes :tnd specialy ye distruc­t ion of ther soules, wherfor we hauing vnderstand­ing by ye reporte of diuers credible persones, and also by the euident apparaunce of the matter, that many children of iniquitie mainteiners 'of Luthers secl, blinded through extreame wickednes, wand ring • from Ihe way of truth and the catholike faith, crnft[e]ly haue translated the new testament into our English tongue, entermedling therewith many hereticall articles and erronious (lpinions, pernicious and offensiue, seducing ye simple people, attempt_ ing by their wicked and peruerse interpretations to prophanate ye maiestie of the scripture, whiche hetherto hath remayned vodefiled, and crafrely to

THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND.

(lulli libri impressi quidam cum ,105is, quidam sine abuse the moste holy word of God. and the true glosis, vt accepimus, dictum pestifclurn et pemici- sence of the same, of the whiche tnnslation there osum virus in vulgari idiomate in se contincntes in are many hokes imprinted, $Ornt with gloses and promiseuam nosuarum dioc. Cl iurisdictionis Lond. some without. cOnlcining in the english tongue multitudinc sunt dispersi, qui sane tJ"cgem noLis that pes!iferous and moste peroicious poyson dis--commissum, nisi cilius prouideatur urn pestifero persed throughou t all our dioces of London in veneno Cl martiftro prauitatis hlltreticz: morbo, pro- great nomber, whichc truely without it be spedcly culdubio inficicnt ct contarnil1llbunt in animanlln (onene without doubt will contaminate and infect nobis commissarum graut periCUiUDl ct diuina: the fiockc committed vnto vs, with moste deadly maiestatis graui~simam offensam. poyson and heresy. To the greuous perill and

Vnde nos Cutbertus episcopus nnte dietus de pre- daunger of the soules committed to our cbarge, and dietis magnopcre 40lenles et ant iqui hostisealliditati the offence of godsdiuine maiestie. ire, quam SUIS satellitibus ad animarum subditorum Wherfore we Cuthbert the byshop aforesaid, nostTorum interemptionem subministrat , ob'uam greuousiy sorowing for Ihe premisses, wiUing to curaque pastorali super grege Dobis commisso wi thstande the eTaf! and subteltie 0' the auncient dillgenler inuigilare ac remedia opportuna przmissis enemy and his ministers, which seke the destruc--adhibere cupientes, vobis coiunctim e~ diuisim ion of my fl ock, and with a diligent eare to take commiuimus ac firmiter in virtute sancta: obedienciz heade vnto the flock committed 10 my charge, de-qua nobis lenenUni iniungendo mandamus, quatenus siring 10 prouide spedy remedies for ye premisses, autoritate nostra moneatis monerive faciatis omnes we chargee] you iointlyand seuerally, and by virtue et singulos tam exemptos quam non exemptos, of your obedience, straightly enioyne and com-infra vestrum Archidiaeonatum vbi libet commo- Maund you that by our autorytie you warne or rantes, quatenus infra x.u:. dierum spacium quo- cause to be 'warned, a ll and sinGUler aswell exempte' rum quidem dietum l1ettm pro primo, decem pro asnotexempt,dwellingwithinyourArchdecon[rie)s. secundo, et decem pro tertio et peremptorio termino that with in. xxx. daies space, whereof ten daies sub excommunicationis pcenJ. ae criminis hzreseos for the first. x. for the second and. x. for ye third 5uspicionis incurrendz eis assignamu$, omnes et peremptory terme, vnder payne of excommuniea-singulos huiusmodi libros translationem noui testa- tion, and incurring the suspicion of heresie, they menti in vulgarem linguam faCtam continente~ ad do bring in and really deliuer voto our vicar generaJ, nos seu nostrum in spiritual ibus vicarium generalem all and singuler such books conteyning the ~ inferant et realiter tradant. Et quid in pracmissis lation of ye new testament in the English tongue, feceritis nos aut vicarium nostrum huiuSAlodi infra and that you doo certyfie vs or our said commissary, duos menses a die dati presentium debite certifi_ within. ii. monthes, after the day of the date of care personaliter vel per literas vestras patente$ these presents, dewly, pel'$Onally or by your leters, vna Cllm pracsentibus auteni'lce sigillatas non omit- together with these presentes, vnder your sealeS. talis sub JXena contemptus. what you haue done in the premisses, vnder paine of

Dat. sub sigmo nostro 74. die mensis Octobris An. contempt. M. D. 76, nostrac cons. An. quinto. Geuen vnder our seale the xxiii[j]. of October, in

Fox, Aclts, b'c., p. 449. lit Ed. 1563. the v. yeate or oure conseaation.

!. A further presumption of a previous examination of the Transla­tion, and a concerted plan respecting it, may be found in that the gravamen of Archbishop '~arham's Mandate of 3 Nov., I526, as addressed to Voysey, Bishop of Exeter, is identical with that of Tonstall's Injunction.

Willieimus, permissione divina Cant. archiepiscopus, etc. vener. confratri nostra domino Johanni, Dei gratia Exon. episcopo, vestrove vicario in spiriwalibus generali, salutem, el fraternam in Dominocharitatem.

Ex pastoralis officii nostri debito ea, quz ad subjectorum nostrorum, periculum et maxime ad interne­cionem animarum earundem tendere dignoscuntur. salubriter propellere, et totis viribus extirpare astrin­gimur. Sane ex fide di)tDorum relatiOfie ips.aque rei evidentia ad nostram jamdudum pervenit notitiam, quod nonnulli iniquicatis filii, ac Lutheranae factionis ministri, quos summa excaeeavit malitia, a via verilatis et orthodoxz fidei declinante5, non modo sanctum Dei evangelium, sed etiam reliquam Novi Testamenti partem in vulgare nostrum Anglicanum subdola versutia transferentes, ac nonnullos haereticae pravitatis ar,.aiculos, et opiniones erronea5, perniciosas, pestiferas, scandalos.a.s, et simplicium . mentium seductivas intromiscentes, illibacam hactenu.5 s.acrae scripturae majestatem, sub nefari.is et tortuosis inter-

G 2

52 THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND.

pretationibus profana.re, CI verbo Domini sacrosancto, et recto ~nsu ejusdem caUide et perverse abut; tt mptarunt. Cujus quidem translationis nonnum libn impressi, quidam cum glossis, quidam sine g\05$i5, ut accepimus, dictum pestiferum et pemiciosum virus in vuJgari idiomate in St continentes, in promiscuam vestrarum dioec. ~ provinciae Cant. multitudinem sunt dispersi, qui sane gregem Dobis et vobis com­missum, in [oi lJcitius provideatur, tam peslifero veneno, et martirero pravitatis haereticae morbo pro­culdubio inficient, et contaminabunt, in animarum nobis el vobis commissarum grave periculum , et divinae majestatis gravissimam ofrensam.

Unde nos Willieimus, archiepiscopus antedictu$., de praedictis magnopere dolentcs, et antiqui hoslis calliditate, quam suis satellitibus. ad animirum dictorum nostronim subditorum interemptionem subminis­trat, obviam ire volentes, VO$ honamur et nihilominu$ (quia res gravis praejudkcii agitur) in vinute uncta:: obedientiae firmilet injungendo mandamus, qualenus cum ea, qua decel, celeri diligentia monealis, monerive faciatis omnes et smgulos, tam exemptos quam non exemptos, infra vestram diocc. ubilibet com· morantes, quatenus infra 30. dierum spatium, quorum quidem dierum decem pro primo, decem pro secundo, et decem pro tertio et pcremptorio termino, sub excommunicationis poena, ac criminis haereseos suspicionis incurrendo eis assignetur, omnes et singulos huiusmodi Iibros, translationem Novi Testamenti, vel aliquam ejus particulam in vulgarem linguam factam continenles, ad vos seu vestrum in spirilualibus vicarium generalem inferanl, et realiter tradant per vos seu vestram auctoritatem igni committendos. Et quid in praemims feceritis, nos citra ultimum diem mensis Januarii prox. post dalam praesentium per Iiteras vestras patentes auctentice sigillatas, numerum librorum hujusmodi ad manus vestras obtentu praefatae monitiODis delatorum, ac per vos, ut, przmittitur, numeratorum [incineratoruml ] in se contine.ntes, una cum praesentibus debite certificare non omitta tis sub ~na contempt us.

Dat. in manerio nostro de Lamehith tertio d ie meDsis Novembris, anno Dom. M. D. XXVI. et nostras transl. XXIIf. Wil.k.in.s C(}~iljQ. Maglla Britannia, iii. 706. Ed. 1737 .

5. Then probably in order of time next came King Henry's Preface to his people, about the beginning of 1527; quoted above.

6. There is also a short but singularly important note from Dr. Robert Ridley, chaplain to TonstalI, Bishop of London, to Henry Golde, nephew and chaplain to Waxham, Archbishop of Canterbury, which possibly gives the title of this Quaxto New T estament. The date is onlY'4 Februaxy ; but we believe; from the absence of any mention of the later Protestant literature (Tyndale's Parable oj the Wicked Mammon and .the like) and the general tenor of the note, that the year is without any doubt 1527.

R obert Ridley to Henry Golde. Maister Golde, I banly oommande me vnto you. As concemyng this commOD and vulgare translation

or the new testament in to englishe, doon by Mr. William Hichyns, otherwais called Mr. W. Tyndale, and (rear William Roy, manifeste lutberanes heretikes and apostates, as doth oppynly apeir, Dot ooly by their dai ly and contiouall company and familiarite with Luther and his disciples, bot mych mor by their com­mentares and annotationes in Mattheum et )farcum in the first print,' also by their preface in the 2d prent,' and by their introduccion in to the epistle of Paule ad Romanos. a lto gither most posoned and abhominable hereses that can be thowghl ; he is not filius Ecdesiz Christi that wold receaue agodspeU of such damned and precised heretikes, thowh it wet trew, Iyk as Paule and OUT Saviour Crist wold not take the trew testimonial of Evil Spretes that prased Cmte trew saying QutJd ./ilills d~i 'rat,S et quod ipse Paulus s""us usee WT1 Del:' As (or eITOUrs i( ye baue the first prent with annotationes in Mauheurn et Marcum, and the preface,JiI,l

1 True readin~ in the copy in Voysey's Register ii. St. a t Exeter. See Foxe's A cts, ,U., iv. 76 ... Ed. by Rev. S. T ownsend, M.A., 18 .. 6.

J ohn Voysey, alias H arman, was Bishop of Exeter between 31 Aug., 1519, and I" Aug., IS51.

• Separate publications simuitaneouslypublished. 'The present Quarto. tAn aaaptalion by Tyndale of Luther's Preface,

translated IDIO l.atin by Justus Tonas in '!lu. I Mark ill. u. IAcu xvi. 17. f i.t. T'" Prolo"t.

THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND: 53

is mere frenesy I he saith that euangelium nihil est aliud quam du\cis promissio grati~,l so that by that meancs ~nitentiam agite, is no part of the euangelion, the pater noster is no part of the godspell, ite maledicti in ignem etemam, no part orthe euangelion bot only such aPjJrojJitu}uaIJit reg-Num ca!lorum,'inl«nirtis requum animaiJus vtstrjs.' Also he writIeth] in that preface and annotationes that there is no difference between virginite and an hoor of the stewes, if she cum to repentaunce.~ Also that Iyk as no man doth evil to the entent that he show[d] be punyshed or hanged therefor, so no man showd do good to haue any rewarde therefor,~ contra ad faciendas iustijimtwnu tuas propter retr;"utionelll,~ et ad H ebra:os de Mose aspidelXl! en;m in nmuneratorem: alias rtmuhYat:im~m.1 et iJlud, facile 11cbis amicos de mammona, fli cllm difu~rilis. reelpi.'In! eos in aln'~a lahernacula. 8 Also that by good warkes we do no thyng merite.~ contra illud, ad Carinthas, fit referal flnusquisqut In-oul g-usit sill;! !Jqnum, situ malu1lt,lO et i!lud genes[eosJ ad Abraam, quod feds!i kane rem etc.Lt item illud .Mattha:i, ,,'Iod sitivi et d~aistis milzi iotum &c. 12 ~t. venite benedicti patm mci.l3 Also he saitb that he that doth any thyng to haue hy place in heven, he is Satanice et Luciferine superbus. ~ I haue none of thies bowkes bot only I remembre such thynges I redde in the prefaces and annotationes. As for the texte of the godspeU first the title is hereticall, saying that it is prent as it was writen by the- euangelistes:H cum neque conscntiat cum antiqua translatione neque cum Erasmica; this is the bowk of generacion of iesus the sonne of Abraam and also the sonne of Dauid.ls Cum in archetypa sit nominatus absolutus, et in ilIo, /iliiAbYiUlm.filii Dauia. l &&c. fit sensus, ipse unum solum al'fert eumque minus germanum; t'o/uil clam ab ea aiv~rtert.', \7 he wold haue putt hir away j in 'lifO omnt.'jp~ccavn-untI8 ad Romanos, in so mych that euery man hath synned. et homo stultissime, i~nitt.'flliam a.~it~,lt repent tO- By this translation shall we losse at thies cristian wordes, penaunce, charite, confession, grace, prest, chirche, which he alway calleth a congregation, quasi turcharum et brutorum nulla esset congregatio, nisi velit illorum etiam esse ecclesiam i Idololatria callith he worshippyng of images. I wold that ye showd haue seen my lordes bowkes. As for the translation in Franche withowt any postille it is for cenane condemned in Parys decreto publico,!1 thow it be trewly doon, condemned I say, that it shal not be lawfull to publishe it to euery layman-bot by prests quorum labia custodiflnt .s(dtntiamJ.u and so it was in the old law and in the tyme of the apostles. Vide Sutorem de translatione biblfa.73

I certify you if ye look well, ye shat not ~ook iij Iynes withowt faw! in al the bowk, bot I haue not the bowk to marke tham owt, ye showld haue had lasure yourselff to h.aue doen it, how be it, it becummyth the people of Criste to obey and folow their rewe11ers which hath geven study and is lemed in such mat~rs as their people showd heir ani beleve, tha i showd not iudge the doctrine of Paule ne of Paule vicares and successours bot be iudged by their learnyng as long as thai knaw nothyng contrary Goddes lawes as Saynt Bernard saith most goodly and clerkly in libro at.' disftnsatione et fwiECt.'plo .

Vale in al haist. Your awne, Roa&RT RIDL&V, priest. Item, illud Pauli, stuUas 9_sliones aroita etc.24-bewarre of fowlishe problemes or questiones in the

scotes. H oc procul dubio dictum in odium scolastica: theologia::: et universitatum. Such a thyag is in the translation, thowh it be not in the same wordes. Ego et pater unum 15 sumus," We ar on, quasi diceret, unus 27 sumus, and not on substance or on thyng. Shew ye to the people that if any be of so prowde and stubume stomac that he will beleve there is no fawt ne errour except it be declared to hym that he may se it, lau hym cum hither to my 10rde28 which hath profowndly examined at and he shal heir and se errours except that he be blynde and haue no eys.29 24 Februarii.

Master Gold, I pray you be goode to this pore whoman, Gyl Barttes whyfl', as yet your tenawnt.30

1 See p. ~ of prologg-t. I Matt. iii. 2. a Matt. XI. 2g. • Seep. 12 of prolog-got. s Seepp. 13, I4 offrolcrg-e. G Ps. cxix. 112. 7 Heb. xi. 26. • Luke xvi. g. g See p. 8 of pnJlogg~. 10 2 Cor. v. 10. II Gen. xxiLl6. 12 Matt. xxv. 3$. 13 Matt. xxv. 34' 14 From the quotation Rom. Iii. 23 immediately

following, I take this title 10 be that of the New Testaments, both wanting in the only cories known.

. U See text at-'. 17 . I Matt. i. I. 17 Matt. i. Ig. 18 Rom. iii. 23. It Matt. iii. 2. III i. t.'. R t.'ftnl instead of Do penanct.'. '1 The anti of the Parliament or-Paris condemn.

ing Le FeVTe d'Elaples' translation into French o[

portions of the ~ripture w~ passed on 28 Aug. IS;;· Ldong .. BtU. Sacra!l t. 335. lIZ Mal. ii. 7.

A CarthUSIan monk, Pierre Sutoris who 't'3S al~ .a Doctor of Theology, wrote D t.' Trilla/lone B~UU/!, et 1IQV(lrum. reprwalione in/~rpretationum. LI~ensed 5 Dec. 1524. The printing by Jehan Petit fimshed. 28 Feb. 1525. The :12nd and las t chapter deals With vernacular translations. u ~ Tim: ii .. 23 . .15 Ne~lter. III/ohn x. ~o. 27 Masc.

A slgmficant admission 0 the eSllrnation that Tyndale'S Testaments were held in by the people.

119.Tonsta11 w~:mld have tried imprisonment and pums~~e~t t~ ImPFove ~heir eyesight.

80 1 hlS lioe IS wotten m a different hand.

54 THE PERSE CUTI ON IN-ENGLAND.

Ve shal not ncede to accuse this tnnslatiOD. It is accused and damned by the conscnt of the prelatet . aJld learned men, and commanded to be brynt, both heir and beyonde the see, wher is many hundreth of tham brynt. 50 that it is to layt now to ask reSOD why that be condemned, and which be the (awtcs and errours.

Luther and his scoote teachith quod nos non cooperamus cum gnatia dei, .sed t.antum patimur ut san ct stipite~, bycawse of that this lexlC, n(JfJ Ira ud gratia dei MINi/m,l thus is t ransiate , not I bot the grace of God in me. Quam hoc hocretice, maligne. seditiose et (also translat\lm &1, qui non pcrpcndit, stupidus est. My lorde your Ina.$t"er hath of thies bowkes gcvcn and scnde to hym~y my lordc my master.

ShC;N the people that ye be cum to declare VOIO tbam. that ccrtai[nJ bowkcs be condemned by the cownsell and profownde examination of the prelates and fathers of the chirch.

Addrtsud. To Master Henry Golde, Chaplayne to my lorde.of Canterbery, at KnoUe. Co1l. AISS., Clio. E. v.:f. 362. 6.

7. Meanwhile, the Archbishop of Canterbury had been actively but quietly at work, buying up, through his agents abroad, all the English New Testa­ments he possibly could obtain,' This action on the part of 'Varham but further illustrates ·the great union and activity of the English H ierarchy in stamping out the condemned translation.

Having completed his purchases, and apparently belie,;ng that he had bought up the whole of the three Editions by this time in existence, the Archbishop issued, on the 26th May 1527, a circular letter to his suffragan Bishops· soliciting contributions towards these expenses. We obtain our knowledge of what he had thus accomplished, from the following reply of NIX, the blind Bishop of Norwich.

In right humble maner I commendeme vnto your goode Lordeshippe doyinge the same t'undrestandelhat , 1 lately rcceyued your Lc:ttres, date'd at your Manor of Lambethe the xxvj daie of the monethl! of Maij ; by the whiche I do perceyue tha t youre Grace hath lately goten into your handes all the boks of the Newe Testamente translated into Englesshe and pryented beyonde the Sea, aswele tboseS with the g loses iOYned voto theym as th'oder' withoute the gloses, by meanes of exchaunie by you made theriore, to the 50mme of Ixvjli ix.r iiijd. (£991,]

Surely, in myn opynion, you haue done therin a graciouse and a blessed dede, and God, I doubt not, shall highly rewarde you theriore. And where in your said Leuen , ye wri te that in so mo<:he as this mater and the daunger therof of remedie had not be prouyded shulde not only hllue towched you, but all the Husshopes within your Province; and that it is no reason that the holle charge and coste tberof shulde reste only in you ; but that they and euery of theym for their parte shuldeavaunce and contribute certain sommes of money towarde the same; I for my parte wulbe contented to avaunce in their behalue, and to make paymente therof vnto Maister William Potkyn your scrvaunte.

Pleaseth it you t'undrestande that I am right wele contented tn yeve and avaunce in this behalue ten marks [at '3"" ."d.=£6 '3"' . ."d., equal to £ 100 now), and shall cause the same to be delyuered vnto the said mainer Potkyn shortely, the which somme I thinke suffic ient for my parte, if euery Busshopp within your said P rovynce make like contribution and avauncemente after the rate and substance of their benefices. Neuer the lesse if your Grace thinke this iOmme of ten marks not sufficient for my parte in this mater, your fudre pleasure knowen, I shalbe as g ladde to conforme my self ther unto in this or any other mater concernyllge the Churche, as any your subgiet within your P rovynce. · Ju knowes Almighty God, who

I , Cor. xv. 10. •• Tlwsewith thegloses . • • tk'Dderwithoute

the gloses' would seem to sh )w that Christopher

Endhoven reprinted the Quarto and not the Octavo. If so, would that aflOuf a presumption that the Quarto was published before the Octavo'

THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND. 55

longe preserue you to his most pleasure and your herts desire. At H oxne in Suff. the xiiij. daie of ]uDii 1527. Vor humble obediencier and baidman R . NORWICItN.

I wold be as gladd to wayte vpon your Lordeshipp and do my duelie vnto you as any man lyvinge, but I thinke I can not so do this somer. I praye God I may have some tyme for to do it.

Sir H . Ellis' Oririna/ LtU~$, lrd Ser. ii. 86-g'l. Ed. 1846. The Original is Cot!. MSS. VUtll. B. i.~ .• /,,1. r 17. mr.

With this letter we must conclude our notice of the events of 1527, the second year of the New Testaments being in this country.

S. It was in 1528 that the persecution first began against the readers of the New Testament. On the 7th March of that year, Tonstall, Bishop of London, licensed Sir Thomas More, then Chancellor of the Duchy of Lan­caster, to have and read Lutheran books, in order that he miglit confute them; 'For as muche as you, dearly beloued brother, can playe the Demosthenes, both in this our Englyshe tongue and a~so in the Latin.'1

More immediately set to work and published, before the end of the year, his Dya/oge j which was the first instalment of a long controversy in the course of which he successively attacked Tyndale, Barnes, Frith, and Sir John Some; which controversy lasted up to his imprisonment in 1535, that ended in his ever to be lamented death.

In More's Dya/oge we get at the way the English Bishops counted up the three thousand errors in Tyndale's' translation. The book is an imaginary Dialogue between himself and the confidential messenger of a friend to whom (cumberously enough) he writes an account of their conversation, as if the messenger would not have reported it himself. It is a distortion of the Table Talk which constitutes the framework of Utopia, just as the whole of More's well meant efforts in the controversy are a dis­tortTon of the natural bent .of his genius, leading him to a reckless vituper­ation of his opponents.

now I pray you let me know your mynde concernyng the oornyng of tlle newe test.ament in englysh whiche Tyndall la tely translated/ and (as men say) ryght weill which maketh men moche meruayll of ye burnyng.

quod I to me gre:tt meruaylll that any ,ood crysten man muying anydropofwyt in his hede/wold any thyng meruayll or compJayne of the bumynge of that booke yf he knowe the matter. Whych who so. callyth the newe testament calleth it by:l. wronge namel except they wyll call it Tyndals testament or Lllthers testament. For so had Tyndall after Luthers counsayle corrupted and chaunged it from the good and holsom doctryne of Cryste to the deuylysh heresyes of theyr owne that it was d ene a contrary thyng. •

II[ That were meruayle quod your frende that it sholde be so clene contrary. For to some that red it it semed very Iyke.

II[ It is quod I neuer the lesse contrary/ and yet the more peryJlous. For Iyke as to a trew syluer grate as false coper grote is neuer the lesse contr:ary thoughe it be quycke syluered ouer/ but so muche the more r"lse. in howe moche it is counterfeted the more Iyke to the trouth/ so was the ~nsl"cyon so.moche the

I The Bishop's letter·is given by Fox in his A (/u, &(., JJ. 491~. Ed. 1563.

THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND.

morc contrary in how moche it was craru~ l y deuysed Irke/ and 50 moche the more peryijous in howe moche it was to folke vnlcmyd harde to be dyssemyd.

4I \Vhy quod your (rendc what fautys were there in it ' (To tell you :111 that quod 1/ were in a maner to rtherse you all the hole boke/ wherein there were

founden and noted wronge or (al.sly translated about a thousandc tutys by tale. 4[ I wolde quod he fayne hCtC50mc one. C[ H e that sholde quod I study fOf thatl sholdc study where to (rode water in the see. But I wyll shewe

you for ensamplc two or thre suche as euery one of the thrc is more than thryes thtc in one. 4[That were quod he very straunge exceptc yc: mene more in werght. For one cao be but one in

nomber. € Surety quod I as wtyghly be thcyas any lyghtly can be. But I mene that euery onc of them is morc

than Ihryes thre in nomber. 4I That were quod he some what lyke a rydell. 4IThis rydell quod I wyll sone be red. For :he hath mysse translated three wordes of grete weyght and

euery one or them is:u I suppose more than thryse three tymes repcted and rehereed in the boke. € All. that maye well be quod hel but that was not well done. But I pny you what wordcs be they? € The one is quod I this worde pTCStys. The other thechyrche. The thyrde cbaryte. For prcstyt

where so euer he spcketh of the prestes or Crystes chyrche he neuer calleth them prestcs but alway senyoursl the chyrche he calleth a,Jway the congregacyonl and cba ryte he ca1leth alway loue. ­Book 111. (. S./()/. 97. EtI. 1530-

More touched the apple of Tyndale's eye in thus charging his translation with intentional falsification. So the first half of his Allswere is occupied with giving' a reason of certayne wordes which Master More rebuketh,' as­

What the dUTCh is? Whey he ¥Sed this worde (()I'KT'ga(i()n rather than d , urt},J Why ,Id,r and not put? 'Vhy lou, rather then (},aryl,? Why /au()urI and not gracd 'Why Itn(I'Wl,tlg, and not t;()n/uSJIon/ "'pn/aUNt;, and not ftNtlUnt;,t

TyndaJe herein defended the new ideas which he had associated to the old familiar words.

'When therefore in the second part of his Allswere he comes to the above passage a11 the reply he vouchsafes to it is this ;-

Vnto church/ presti charite/ grace/ conression and pcnaunce is answered him in the begynnynge of the hoke. And when he sayth Tyndale w:! confcder:m with Luther that is not trueth. E()/. X(ij.

9. In the months of February to J une, 1528, Bishop T onstall, assisted by his Vicar General, Geoffrey 'Wharton, D. D., made inquisition as regards Bible reading heretics until, as he writes to \Yolsey, on the IS March of that year respecting a suspected Reader, 'I committed hym to the Flete bycause al my presons be ful off other persons out off the fordest parte of my Diocese.' To give an account of all the depositions obtained in this inquisition would be to write the history of the English Reformation of this and some previous years. Somewhat we have gathered already in respect to the Distributors, and our space will only permit us to quote one other account of the early readers of our now familiar Testaments .

. 10. There is preserved in the first edition of Fox's Ades, &Pc., an intensely graphic but unfinished memorandum, written from memory in 1562, expressly for the martyrologist, by Anthony Dalaber, an Oxford scholar.

THE PERSECUTiON iN ENGLAND. 57

t[ C""U7'Hj,'re I"" slorye of T/umra.s Cont, atUI !/til/ps do", in Ox/ortU, ,,)' /us 'btu, ".,pltd ID tiS bJ' A"tImJl Da/a/Jn-, WM wtU Pnunl at l/usam,.

O N the yeare of our Lord God a J526.1 or there aboute, maister Ball of Martyn Colledge, and master Cole of Magdalen Colledge heinge proctoures in the moneth of February,1 (i ,t. 1528} maister Garett curate of H ooeye lane in London, came vnto Oxforde, and broughte with him sondrye hokes in Lauen treatinge of the Scripture, with the {yrste part of Vnio dusidetl tium,

and Tmdah (yrste translation of the new Testament in English, the which bookes he solde to diuers scholer'S in Oxford, whooe naIDes for his accomptable memorye belike, he wrote in a sma11 booke of accomptes.

Alter he had bene there a while, and had dispatched those hooke!, newes came (rom London that he was searched (or in all London to be apprehended and taken as an heretike, and to haue bene emprisonned, for sell inge of those heretical bokes (as they termed them) because they spake agaioste the vsurped autoritye, and mooste lilthye doctrine , of that very Antichrist the bishoppe of Rome, and his no lesse fylthye and wicked sinagoge, for it was knoweu voto Cardinali Wolsey, and to the Bishoppe of London, and to other of tha t VIlgodly generation, that master Garet had a greate nomber of those hereticall bookes, as the worlde then counted them, and that he was gone to Oxforde to make sale of them there to suche as be knew to be louers of the Gospel!. Wherefore they determined forthwith to make a preuye search!!: thorowe a ll Ox.forde to take and imprison him. if tbey mighte, and to burne al l and euerye bis foresaide bookes and him. to, if they coulde: so buminge whotte was the chari tye of those mooste holye fathers.

But yet a t that time one of the foresaide proctors, master Cole of lotaude1en Colledge, who after was Crosse bearer VIlto the Archbishop of Yorke, was well acquainted with master Caret, aud therefore he gaue seacrete warnyuge on the Tuesday before Shrofetuesday [IS Feb.} voto a frende or two of master Garettes of this preuy search and willed therfore that he shoulde forthwith as secreatlre as he possyble coulde, depart oute of Oxforde, for if he were taken in the same search, no remeady but that he should be forthwith sent vp voto the Cardinal, and so should be committed voto the towre. The Christmas before that time (i.e. IS27} Antony Dalaber then scholer of Albome Hawl, who hadde hookes of master Garets, hadde bene iu his country in Dorsette shi re at Stalbridge wher he had a brother person of that Parish, who was verye desirous to haue a Cura te oute of Oxforde, and willed me the said AJltonye in anye wise to get hym one ther if I could , then this iust occasion offred, it wu - thoughte good amonge the brethren (for $(I did we not only call one an other, but were in dede one to the other) that master Garret chaunginge his name shoulde be sente fonh wyth my letters into Dorse tte shire vnto my brother, to serue him there for a time vntill he mighte secreatly from thence conuaye him self som where ouer the sea. According here voto I wrote my letters in all hast possible voto my brother, lor maister Caret to be his curate, but not decIaringe what he was in deede. For my brother was a mayster of Arte and rancke Papist, and after was. the most mortall ennemye that euer'I hadde for the Cospelles sake.

So the \Vensdaye io the mominge before shroftide [19 Feb.] master Caret departed out of Oxford towarde Dorset shire with my letters (or hys new semice, how farte he went, and by what occasion he so sone returned I know not, but the friday next [21 Feb.] in the nighte time he came aga.i.De voto Radleis hoU$t where he lay before, and 50 after midnight in the priuy search which was then made for him, he was apprehended and taken therein his bed by the two proctors, and on the Saterday (n Feb.] in themominge

I This date has unfortuna tely been a fruitful source of error to many writers. The year is r52S, not 1526. TheTestamenlS were hardly arrived in the country in Feb. 1526: but there had been in the two following years sufficient time to form the associa· tion, • the little flock' of the • brethren' at OJiford referred to in the nanative. Yet is there a certain truth in the statement, for Ball and Cole were the ~~esnve U1fWr Proctors ; S. Ball of Merton Col· lege being so elected on II Apr. IS~ and so remain' ing till 1 May .1521. when he was succeeded by A. Cole of Magdalen College, who held that office until 21 Apr. IS2S : and was therefore the senior Proctor a t the time of Garret's apprehension in Feb. 1528.

(I) J ohn ~tty5ford. D. D., of Lincoln Coli., became

commissary (= vice-chancellor] by the des.ignment of the Chancellor Archbp. Warham : and took his oath on 7 D~. 1527. WINHi, FlUfi Oxen. i.76. Ed. I Srs·

(J) In the fi rst letterof the Garnt correspondence occurs 'Thys monday the vigill olstinct Mathias'; which occurnd in IS2S. Thelear is also rendered indubitahle by other points 0 internal evidence in the letters connected with Garret's apprehension, in the State Paper office.

• 1517, Tho. Garret or Gerrard, was this year admitted; but the month or day when. appears not, because the re,![ister is imperfect, however in the year following he occurs by tbe title of Batch. of Arts. Wo(ltl. idem.;. 45.

H

58 THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND.

deliuered vnto onc D(octorJ Cotissford, master of Lincoln colJedge then beinge commissarye of the vniucr­sitye. who kepte him as prisoner in his own Chamber. There was great ioye and rcioysinge. among all the Papistcs for his apprehension aDd especially with D[octor]. LondoD Warden of the New colledge, and D{octor). Higdon deane of Fridesw"idcs1 two Archpapistcs. Who immediatly sent their lehers if!. post hast vnto the Lord Cardinal to tn(orme him. of the apprehension or this notable heretike: for the whiche their doiDge, they wert well assured to haue great thankes.

But of all this wdaine hurly burly, was I vttcrly ignorauot, so that I knew, neither of mastcr Garets $0

sodainc retoume, ncyther that he was SO taken. For after I had sent him oute of Oxford with my letters, as before is sayde, the same weke, having taken a chamber in Glocester Colledge,S for that purpose to studye the ciuillaw, because tbe scholers in Albome HallS were all arceturs; 4 I remoued all suche poore stulfe as I had from thence vnto Glocester colledge, and there was I much busied in 5Cuing vp in order of my bed, of my hokes, and of sucb thinges as I els had, so that I had no leiser to go forthe any where those two d.aies, Fridayeand Saterday, And hauing set vp all my thiDges handsomely in order the same daye [Sat. 22 Feb.] before none, I determined to spende that whole after pone, vntii Euensonge time at Frisewide coUedge,1 at my hoke in min~ owne studye~and so shutte my chamber doore vnto me, and my study dore also, and toke in lI).y hand to read Frances Lambert vpon the ,ospel of Saint Luke, which booke only I had then within there, all my other bookes wryuen on the scripture, of which I had a great nomber, U of F;nsmus, of Luther, Oecoiampadius etc. I had yet lefte in my chamber at Alborne HaJl, where I had made a very seereat place to keep them safe in, because it was so dan,erous to haue any such hokes.

And 50 as I was diligently readinge in the said hoke of Lambert vpon Luke, sodenly one knocked a t my chamber dore verye hard, which made me astonied, but yet I sate stit and would not speak, then he knocked again more harder, and yet I held my peace, and straighte way he knocked yet againe more fierslye, and then I thought this, peraduenture it is some body that hath nede of me, and thedore I thought me hound to doo, as I would be done voto and so laying my hoke a side, I came to ye dore and opened it. And there was maister Garret as a mued manne, whome I thoughte then to haue bene with my brother, and one with him, assoDe U I saw him , he saide he was vndone, for he was taken not remembring that he spake this before the yonge manne. Then 1 asked him what that yonge man was, he aunswered tbat it was one, who Inoughte him vntO my chamber, tben I thanked the younge man, and bad him farewell, and asked mayster GalTet whether the yonge man was his frend or no f and what acquaintaunce he had with him! He said he knew him not, but he had bene to seke a monke of his acquaintaunce in that colledge who was not within his chamber, then he besought this his seruaunt to bring him vnto my chamber, and so fottbe d~dared howe he was returned and taken that nighte in the preuye searche as ye haue harde, and that now at Euensonge time the Commissary and al his companye went to Euensonge. and locked hym a lone in his chamber, when all were gone, and he hard no bodye stirrina:e in the Colledge, he put backe the balTe of the locke with hys fyn&:er, and so came straight vnto Glocester Colledge to that monke, if he hadde bene wythin, who had als.o bought bokes of him.

Then said I voto him. Alas mayster Garet by this your vncircumspecte comminge vnto me, and speaking so before this yonge maIl, ye haue disd osed your selfe and vtterlye vndone me, I asked him whye he went not VDtO my brother 1f}'th my letters accordinglye , he saide after he was gone a daies iourney and a halCe, he was so fearefull that his heart would DO other but that he muSle nudes retourne againe vnto Oxforde, and $0 came againe on Fridaye at nighte, and then was taken as ye hard before. Butnowe with deepe s.ighes and plentye of teares he prayed me to healpe to conuaye hym away, and so he c;ast of his hode and his gown, where/I) he ~me yoto me, and desired me to geue him a coate wyth slelles if I hadde anye,and tolde me that he woulde goo into Wales, and thence conuey rumsel(e intoG.rmanye if he mighte, and then I put on him a sleued cote of mine of fine cloth in graine, which my mother hadde geuen me, he woulde baue an other manner of cappc of me, ,but 1 hadde none but priest like. such as his owne was. Then knealed we bothe downe together on oure knees, liCtinge vpoure heartes and handes to GOD our heaueolye father, desirin, him with plentye of teares, so to conducte and prosper hym in his iourney, that he mighte well escape the daunger of all his ennemies, to the glorye of his holye name, if his good pleasure and will

) N ow Christ Church College. • Previously called St. John Baptist's Hall. after­

wards GlouCCiter Colle&e; then Gloucester Hall,

and now Worcester College­, i. e. St. Alban's Hall. 4 Arutyr, a learner or teacher of art.

THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND. 59

so were, and then we embraced and kissed the one the other, the leares so aboundauntly flowinge oute from bothe our eyes, thaI we all bewette both Dure (aces, and ~kanlye (or sorrowe coulde we speake one to the other. and so he depan ed (rom me, apparelled in my cote, beingc committed vnto the tuition of oure almightyc and a ll merciful! (alher.

When bee was gone downe the staires from my Chamber, I straight.waits did shut my chamber dore, and went into my 'tudye shuttir,ge the doore VOiD me, and tooke the newe Testamente of Erasmus translation in my handes, kneled downe O'n my knees, and with manye a depe sigh and salt tere, I did, with much deliberation read ouer the x. chapter of s. Matthew his Gospel!, and when I had so doone, with (cruwI prayer I did commit VO ID God, that our dearlyc beloued brother Gart!, earnestlye bckching him, in and for Jesus Christes sake, his only begotten 50nne our Lord , yat he would vouchsafe, not only safely to con­duct and kepe our saide deare brother from the handes o f all his ennemies, but also that he woulde vouchendew his tender and lately borne title flocke in Oxford, with heauenlye strength by h is holy spirite that they might be well able thereby valeauntly to withslande to h is glory a1l their fiene enemies, and a lso might quietly to theyr owne saluation with all godlye patience, heare Christes heauy crosse: which I now sawe was presently to be laide on their yang and wene backes, vnahle 10 heare so huge a one, without the great healpe of his holy spirite.

T his doon [ bid a side my bokes safe, folded vp maisler Garrets gowne and hoode, and la id them into my pressc among mine apparel, and 50 hauing put on my short gowne shut vp my study and chamber dores, and went towardes Friswides to speake with that worthy martir of God one master ('1arke, aDd othen, and to declare vnto them what had happened that after noone.

But of purpose I went by S. Mary church to go first vnto Corpus Christi colledge to spe:ke with Dietand Vdall l my faithful brethren and fdowes in the Lorde there, but by chaunce I met by the waye with a brother of oures, one Master Edon fellowe of Magdalen Colledge , who, assone as he saw me, came with a pityfull countenaunce vnto me, sayinge that we were all vndone for maister Garet was returned again to OJtford , taken the last night in the priuy search, and was in prison with the commissary. 1 saide it was not 50, he saide it was so, J said Day , and he said ye. I told him it could not be so, for I was sure he was gone, he an­sweared me and saide, I knowe he was gone with your letters, but he came againe yester euen and was taken in his bed at Radleis this night in the pnuy searche, for quod he, 1 hard Our proctor master Cole say and declare the same this day in oure Colledge to diuen of the house. But I told him again that I was wei assured he was DOW gooe , for I spake with him later then either the proctor or commissary did, and then I declared the whole matter vnto hym, how and when he came vnto me, and howe be went his way. willing him to declare the u.me vnlO other our brethren whom he should mete withall, and to geue God harty thanckes for this his wonderful deliueraunce, and to praye him also that he would graunt him safel)'e to p~ awaye from all his ennemics. And tolde him that I was goinge vnto master Clarke of Friswides, to declare voto him this matter, for I knew and thought verely that he and diuen othen there weT then in II,:reat sorow for this matter, and prayed maister Edon that he would ~o home by Alborne Hal to desire my bedfelow sir Fiuiames' (for I lay with him in Albome hall) to mete me at sir Dieu chamber in Corpus Christi Colledge about v. of the c10cke after E uensong, and then I went straight to lo' nswides.

And Euensong was began, and the Deane, and the other canons were there in their Gray Amices, t hey were almost at Magnificat before 1 came thether. I stnde a t the quier dore and hard master Tauemer play and others of the chappel there sing, with a nd among whome I my selfe was wont to singe also, but now my singing and musicke was turned into sighing and musing. As 1 thus and ther stode, in commeth Doctor Cotisford the commissary, as fast as euer he could go lnre headed, as pale as ashcs, 1 knew his grefe wei inough, a nd to the Deane he goeth into the Quier, where he was sitting in h is stalle, and talked with him very sorowfully, what I know not, but whero! I might and did wei a Dd truely gesse, I went aside from the quier dare, to se and heare more , the Commissarye and Deane came oute of the Quire, wonderfullye troubled as it semed, about the middle of the church, met them D[octor]. London, puffing, blu5teringe, and blowinge Iyke a hungry a nd greJy Lion seking his pray. They talked together a while , but the commissarye wa' much blamed of them for kepinge of hys pn sonerso negligently. in so much yat he wepte for sorowe. And it was knowen abrade , that mailer Garret had eskaped awaye

1 N. Udall a fterwards the author of Roister Douhrtook his B.A. on JO May 1524.

J J ohn Fiujames of Merto~ College, afterward~

of St. Alban's Hall, took his B.A. lIO J une 1524. He became (Roman Catholic) Archdeacon of Taunton and Prebend of Wells on Itil May .554

H 2

60 THE PERSECUTION I N ENGL AND.

and gone Ollt or lhe Commissaries chamber at E uensong time, whether no man could tel. These Doctors departed and sent abrode their seruamlt5 and spies euery where.

hlayster Clarke about the middle of Complin I came forth or the quire, I followed him to his chamber, 3nd when he was put of his Graye Amis and surples, he asked me how I did , and what newes, I answeared him not so wei as I would, because the newes were not good, but verye doubtfull and perilous, and so declared what was happned that after nonc. or maisler Garrets eskape he was glad. for he knew of his fore­taking, then he scnt (or onc master Sumner, and master Bets, fellowcs and canons there, in the meane whyte he gaue me a very godly u hortation , praying God to gcue me, and all the reute of cure brethren, Int.­dentiD.m strje"li_m, t llbttp/uilalt m ctl/ltm/Jinam, Cor we shoulde haue sbortlye muc:he neade there of, as he verelye thoughte. ' Vhen master Sumner and master Bets were come vnto him, he caused me to declare againe the whole matter vnto them two wherof they were very gladde, that maister Garret w;u; so deliuered trusting that.he shuld escape all his enemies. T hey wuld haue had me to tary and haue supped ther with them ; but I would not ta.ry, for I sayd I had promised to go vnto Corpus Christi college to comfort our ot.her bretherne their, who were no lesse sorowfull then they, and praied them to tel vnto our other bretherne there what was happened: for there wer diuers elsse in that colledge.

When I eame to Corpus Christ i colledge I founde to gether in Sir Diets ehamber, ta.rienge and lokinge Cor me Fitl-iames, Diet, and Vdall, they knew al the matter before by rnaister Edon, whome I had sent vnlO Fitziames, but yet J declared the .. atter vnto them againe and so I taried ther and supped with them in that ehamher where they had prouided meat and drinke for vs before my com minge, at whiche supper we wer not very mery, considf!ringe our state and peril at hand. 'Vhen we had end our supper and com· mitted OUt whole cause with Ceruent sighs and harty prayers vnto God our heuenly father, Fitziames woula nedes haue me to lye that night with him in myoid lodginge a t Alborne Hall, and so did I : But small reste and litle slepe toke we both their that night .

In the sunday (23 Feb.] in the mominge I was vpand readye by fiueofthe docke, and as sone as I could get out at Albome Haull dore, I went stra ight towardes Glocester colledge to my chamber, It hadd reyned that morny[n]ge, a good shuere and with mi goinge 1 had aU to be sprinkeled my hose and my shoes wi th the reiny mire. And when I was comein vnto Glocester coledge, which was about vi. of the clocke, I found the gats fast shut, wherat I did much merueil, for they were wont to be opened daily, long belor that time, then did I walk vp and down by the wall ther, a whole howre beCore the ptes were opened. In the meane while my musinge hed heinge full of forecastinge cares, and my sorowfull hart fIowinge with dollefull sighes , I fully determined in my conscience before god, yat, if I shuld chaunce to be taken and beexamined I would accuse no man, nor declare any thing further than 1 did already perceiuc-was mani· festly knowen before .

And so when the gate was opened , thinking to shift my selfe and to put on a longer goune, I wente in towardes my chamber, and ascendinge vp the steyers, would haue opened my dore, but I could not ina Jonge season do iI, ",herby I perceyued yat my lock had bin medled with a ll and therwith was somewhat altered. Yet at last with much a do 1 opened the locke and went in, when I came in, I did see my bedde al to tosied and tumbled, my clothes in my presse throwen dowen and my study dore open wherof I was much amased and thought verely theire was made their some serch that nit:: ht for maister Garet, and that it was knowen of hys heinge wythe me, by the monkes man that brought him to my chamber.

Now<; was ther lieng in the next chamber VIlIO me, a yonge priest monk or shirbome abbey in the county of Dorset come thether to be student, where I was brought vppe from my childhode: for whose 5ake partly I came in . dede vnto that Colledge, to enstructe him in the Laten tongue, and in other thinges wherin I had better knowledge then he. Thys monke assone as he harde me in the chamber, called vnla me, and asked me where I lay that night. I told him that J lay with my olde bed fellow Fitz· iames at Alhom hall, he came to me straight way, and lold how OUf master Garet was sought in my chamber, and asked me whether he was with me yesterday at a ft er noone or no, and I told him yea. And finally he tolde me that he was commaunded to bring me assone as I came in vnto the prior of studentu named Antony Dunston a monke of Westminster, who nowe is bishop of Landafe. And so while he

. made him ready by me, he tolde me what a doo. there was made by the commissarie and the two proctors in my chamber tha t night, with billes and swords thmsted thorow my bedstraw, and how euery comer of

I;. t. the last or evening prayer.

THE PERSECUTION I N ENGLAND. 61

my ch:l.mber was searched (or master Garret, and albeit his gown and hOodc lying in my prcssc was by therm all to tossed and tam bled wyth my clothes, yet did they Dot percciue them there, for by like they toke it to haue bene mine own clothes.

This so troubled me tha t I forgot to make d eane my hose and shoes, and to shyfte me Dto an other gownt: And therefore assone as he was readyc, so all to be di rled as I was wilh the rainy weather, and in my short gown , I went with him to the saide PriOI'$ chamber, where I (ounde the said p rior standing and lokinge formycomminge. He asked me where I had bene that nighle, t tolde him I layeat Albom hal with myoid bedfellow Fitziames, but he would not Leleuc me, he asked me if master Garet were with me yester­daye? I ta lae hym yea: then he would knowe where he was, and wherfore he c;ame vnto me. I told him I knew not where he was excepte he were at Woodstocke. For so (said J) he had shewed me that he woulde goo thether, because one of the kepers there his frend , hadde promised him a piece of venison to make mearye wyth all that Shrofe tide, and that he woulde haue borowed a hatte and a paire of high shoes of me, but I had none in dede to lend him. This tale I thought met est though it were nothing so. Then hadde he spyed on my fore finger a bigge ringe of uluer verye well double gilted with two letters A. D. ingraued in it for my name, I supose he thought it to be gold, he required to see it, I toke it vnto him, when be h:ad it in bis hand, be sayde it was his ring, for therin was his name, an A. (or Antonye, and a D. flIr Dunston. When I harde him so say, I wished in my hart to be as well deliuered (rom and out of bis comp:my. as r was assured to be deliuered from my ring for euer.) Then he called (or pen, i~e, and paper and comma\mded me to write when and how Garet cam vnto me, and wbere he was become.

I had not written scarsly three wl)rdes, but the chide bedell with two or threeofthe commissaries men, were come vnto master prior, requiringe him straightwaies to bringe vs awaye vntoJ.incolne coledge to the com­missary and to D(octorl. London. Whether when I was hrought in to the chapel: there. I (ounde maiSler D(octor). Cottisforde commissary, maister D[octor). Higdon then Deane o( the Cardenalls colledge, and D(octor). London Warden of ye newe Colledge standinge together at the alw in the chappell, when they sawe me brought vnto them, after salutations geuen and taken betwen them, they called (or chaires and. satte downe and called for me to come to them, and first they asked what my name was, I tolde them that my name was Anthonye Dalaber, then they also a.~ked me how [onge I had ben student in the vniuersity, and I told them almoste three yeares, and they asked me what I studied. I told them that I had red sophestry and logike in Albome Hal and now was remoued vnto Glocester cotedg to study the ciuil lawe, the whiche, the (orsaide prior o( studentes affirmed to be true. Then they asked me whether I knew master Garret and bow longe I had knowen him I told them I knew. him well, and had knowen him ahn().~te a~elu~ monethes, they asked me when he was with me I tolde them yester day at afte r none. aod now by thl$ time whiles they hadde me in this talke, one came in vnlO them which was sent (or, with pen, inke, and paper, I trowe it wa, the clarke of the vniuersity. As sone as he was come. there was a bourd and trestelles with a (orme (or him to si t on, set betwene the doctores and me, and a gn:ate masse book laid before me and I was commaunded to lay my right hand on it ani;! to swere that I shoulde troly aunswer vnto such articles and interrogatories as I should be by them examined vpon. I made daunger o( it a while a t the first, but a{terwarde being perswaded by them partly by (ayre words and partly by great threats, I promised 10 do as they wulde haue me, t ut in my hart nothynge so ment to do. So I laide my hand on the hooke,and one o( them gaue me my oth, and that donne commaunded me to kis the hooke. Then made they great eurtesye betwene them who should examine, and minister interrogatories vnto me, at the last the rankest papisticall pharesy o( them al D[octor). London ' toke vpon rum to do it.

Then he asked me agayne, by my oth where Maister Garrett was and whether I had conueihed him, I tolde hym I hadde not conueyed hym, nor yet wiste not where hee was, nor whether he was gon, except he were gonne to woodstocke, as I had before saide, yat he shewed me he would.

Then he asked me again when he came to me, and howe he came to me and what and howe longe he talked with me, I tolde· him he came to me aroute euensong time and that one brought him vnto my chamber dare, whom I know not and that he tolde me he wj)ulde go to wodstocke (or some veneson to make mery wit'h all this shrortide, and that he walde haue borowed a hat, and a paire o( high. shoe~, o(me but I had none such to lend him, and then he straight went hi~ way from me but whether I know nat.

1 It must have been pleasant to Anthony Ki tchin or Dunston, who became Dp. o( Llandatr on 26 Ma r. 1545 (d. )1 Oct. 1565110 have thus read him-

sel( in Fox's book, a thief o( old ~tanding. • D r. London d. 1543 in the F leet; having been

committed to that place for perj ury.

62 THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND.

All these my sayenges the scribe wrote in a paper hoke. Then theyernestly required me to tell them whether I had conueycd him, (or surely they saied I brought him going some whether this momynge, (or that they might well perceaiue by my foule sh(le!; and dirty bosen that I had trauaild with him the most part ofthis night, I aunswered plainely that I laye a t Albome H aul with sir Fitziames, and that I had good whnes the ror there. They asked me where I was at euensonge I told them at Friswides, and that I saw first m.alster commiMary, and then maister D [octor]. London come thether at that time vnlO maister Deane of Frisewides and that I saw them talking to gether in the church. There D (octor]. London and the deane threlned me that if I would not tell the truth where I had don him, or whether he was goooe, I should surely be sente vnlothe tower of London and there be racked, and put into Iitle ease.l But maisler commissary prayd me with gentle words 10 tell him where he was that he might haue him againe and he woulde be my very greate frend and deliuer me out of trouble straighte waye, I tolde him I coulde not ten where hee was nor whether he was be come. Thus did they occupy and tosse me almost two hour.; in the chappell sometimes wi th thretninges and foulewordes and then with faire wordes and faire promises flat te ringe me. Then was hee that brought maister Garet vtlto my chamber brought before me and caused to decJar what maister Garet saide voto me at his comminge to my chamber but I saide plainely I harde him say no such thinge for I thought my naye to be as good as his yea, seing it was to ridd and deliuer my godly brother out of trouble and pearill of his life. At the lute when they could ge t nothing of me wherby to hurt or accuse anye man or to know any thinge of that which they sought they al 3. together brought me vp a longe staires into a great chamber ouer M{uter]. Commissarys D(octor). Cot[tiss)ford's chamber wherin stood and were a greate payer of very highe stockes, then Maistet commissary asked me for my purse and girdel toke away my mony and my knife, and then they put both my legges into them and so locked me fast in those stockes, io which I satle my feete beinge almost as high. u my hed, and so departed they: locking fast the chamber dore I thinke vnto their abominable mas, leuing me alone.

When al they were gone theo cam voto my good remembrance the worthye sore warning and godly declaration of that moste constant martir of god, Maisler l ohn clarke, my father in Christ , who wei nie two yeres before yat, when I did ernestly desire him to graunt me to be IUs scaler, and that I might goo with hym continually when and where sneuer hee should teach or preach (the which he did daily) who (I say) said vnto me much after this sort . Dalaber ye desire ye WOI not what, and that ye are I feare me, vnable to take vpon you, for though nowe my preachinge be swete and pleasante mto you. because: there is yet 00 per.;etution layed on you for it, but the time will come, and that peraduenture shortly, if yecon­tinew to liue godly therin that god williaye on you the crosse of persecution to try you with all whether you canne as pure and puryfied gold abide the fire, or as stobie and drone be consumed therwith. For the holy ghost plainly affirmeth by sainte paule, 9uod OllilUl 911; li~ volu"t "i~~ ill. Chri#o lUll, '",..s~­('JItu"umpati~lIlu"" Yea ye shOll be called and iudged an heretike, ye shal be abhorred of the world, your owne fnendes and kinnesfolke will foresake you and a ls.o ha te you, and sh:dbe cast into prison and no man shall dare to hc:lpe or co;nfort you, ye shalbe :u;:eused and brought before the bishoppes to your reproche and shame, to the greate sorow of all your (aithfull frendes and kinsfolke. Then will ye wishe ye hadde neuer knowen this doctrine. Then wil ye C\Lr.;e Clark and wish that ye hadd neuer knowen him, bycause he hath brought you to a l these troubles Tho:refore rather then ye shoulde do this, leue of from medlinge of this doctrine, and desire IIQt to bee and conlinewe in my company. At which wordes I was so greued that I fell downe on my knees at his feete, and with abundan~ of tcares and sigbes euen from the bottome of my harte, I emeslly besought him, that , for the tender mercy of god shewed vnto V $ in our Lord Iesu Christ, he would not refuse me, but receiue me into his company as I had desired, saieng that I trusted verely, that he which had begonne this in me would Dot forsake me but giue me grace to COD­tinew therein vnto the end. When he harde me say so, he came to me and toke me vp in his a rms, kissed me, the teres tricklinge downe from his cies and sayde vnto me : The Lorde almighty graunt you SO doo. and from hensforthe (or euer take me for your father, and I will take you for my son in Christ .

Now wer there a t that time in oxford diuerse graduates and scholer.; ~f sundry Colledges and haules, whom god had called to the knowledge of his holy word, which all resorted vnto maister Cia rices dispu­tat ionsand lectures in diuinity, at all times as they mought: And when they mighte not come conuenientiy, I was by maister clark apointed to resorte vnto euery of them wekely, and to know what doubts they had

I A torture den in the Tower.

THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND.

in anyplace of the scriptures, that by me (rom him they mightc haut the true vnders~ding of ye same which exercise did me most good and profit to the vndcrstanding of the holy scriptures which I most desired.

This forsaide forewarning and godly declar:atioo (I say) of this most godly martir of god maister clark, coming then to my remembrance caused me with deepe sighe! to crye,vnto god from my hart to a;sist me with his holy spirite that I mought be able paciently and quietly to bere and sulfer whatsoeuer it shoulde please him of h is fatherly laue to Iaye on me to his glory and the comforte of my dearly beloued brothem, whom I thought DOW to be in great fear and anguish, least I would be an accuser of them all. For Vn!O me they all were well knowen, and all there doinges in that matter. But god be blessed I was full bent neuer to accuse any of them, whal soeuer shoulde happen of me.

Before dinner maister Cotislorde came vp to me and requested me eamestlye 10 lell him where rnail;ter Garet was, and if I woulde!>O do he promised me st raighlewayes to deliuer me out ofpri!>On. But I tolde him I could not tel where he W3.$ nor more in dede I could not. Then heedeparted to dinner askinge me if I woulde eate any rneate, and I told him yea right gladly. he saide he would send me !>Orne. When he was gone his seruauntes asked me diuene questions which I doo not now remember, and some of them spake me faire and !>Orne thretned me calling me heretik and so departed lockinge the dore fast vpoD me.

Fox T H HN ADDS : T"~ far Antony Dalacn- kath prosuutta tkil Hury , WM kfort tltt fillil!tillgt dtjHrrltd tkil 'ytn All"". 1562. iff. tlu di«:t l e/ Salsbury tltt rtsidut tAtrof as 'WI could ratktr it of IIlUullt and endihk pn-SOIU, .to Aaw WI! a.dt:kd Atrt 'lIlItO tAt samt.

Alter this, Canet beinge apprehended or taken, by mayster Cole ye proctor or hu men. goinl( west­warde at a place called Hink.sey a !ide beyonde Oxforde,l and!>O being broughte backe againe. was com: mitted to warde. thaI done, he wasconuented before the commissary, Doctor London and Doctor higdon deane of Friswides (now caUed Christs colledge) into S. Maries church where they siuing in iudgement, con· uicted him accordinge to their law as an heretike (as they said) and afterward· compelled him to cary a faggot in open proceuion from Sainte Maries churche to Friswides, and Dalaber likewise with him. Garret hauinge his redde hode on his !;hulden like a maislet of art, after that, they were seDt to Osney, ther to be kept in prison till farther order was taken.

Ther were suspected beside, a great nomber to be infected with heresy as they called it, for hauinge such bookes ofGodes truth as garret sold vnlO them. As m~l.Ister Clarke which d ied in his chamber and could not be suffered 10 receiue the Communion, beinge in pry!>Onne and saienge these word!;: Crtdt tt 1ftdndUCMti. Maister Sommer, Maister Bettes, Tauerner, Radley, with other of Friswides colledge, of Corpus Christi colledge and Vdal and Dier with other of Ma'udlen colledge, one Eden [Tk 1570 tditi(l1l cf Fex trW Master Stm"ur. Maister Btttts. Tauerller the Musicion, Rcdk),. with other of Friswidts colledge, oC CorplU CIlTisti Collt;;dge. as VdJJl and Dut with other, of flfagdakff. Colledge one Eedtll, p. 1)69] wyth other of Glocester colledge, and two blacke monkes onc of S. Austines of Canterbury named Langporte, ye other of Saint Edmondsbury monk, now yet Iiuing and dean oC Norwich named Iohn Salesbury, two whit[el monks of Barnard colledge, two chanons of S~nt Maries coUeadge, one of them named Robert Femu afterwarde Bishop of Saint dauies (David'!;) and burned in Quene Maries ·timc. These ii. cannones because they had no place in the vnyuenitye with the other; they went on the contrarye side of the procession bare headed and a bedell before them to be knowen from the other. Diuers other there were whose name!; I cannot remember which were forced and constrained to forsake their colleges and !>Ought theire frcndes. Apinst the procession time ther was a greate fier made vpon the toppc of Carfaxe where into all such as were in the saide proce!;sion eyther conuict or !;uspected of heresye were commaunded in token of repentance and renunciation oC thelte elTOres, euery man to cast a hoke into the fier as they passed by. pp. 6a+~IO.

1 This is quite incorrect . Garret goot a.~ far as Bqlminster, a mile beyond Bristol. where he was atTeSted on 29 Feb. t528. The p;!.pcn relative to him, including his recantation, now in the State Paper Office, are printed in T ownsend's Edition of

Fox's Aclts. Vol. V. App. Ed. 1846. Thomas Garret. with Doctor Robert Barnes and wtll iam Hierome the Vicar oC Stepney, were together martyred by fire at Smithfield 00 30 July, 1540.

THE PERSECUTION IN ENGLAND.

The unexpected length to which this Preface has already extended forbids a further pursuit of this part of the subject. The Advent of the first printed Testaments in England constitutes an important chapter in the Story of our Reformation, and one that has hardly as yet received adequate atten­tion. The fashioning anew of a people, as it is a universal and a gigantic, so must it be a gradual Change, prepared and brought about by many causes and instrumentalities. Of these none has been so-powerful for good as an unfettered appeal to Scripture j and it was a most merciful. arrange­ment of Divine Providence that when there was a people ready to receive i~ Tyndale was -raised up to supply the printed Word. In so doing, he sought, to transfer the ultimate standard of appeal in faith and morals from the vacillation and contradictions of human belief and opinion known as 'The Church I to the Revelation of the Mind and Will of the Trinity, so far as that could be ascertained by means of manuscripts written by in­spired men of old, and transmitted from age to age down to his own time. Until the peasant could possess and understand; until he could confidently appeal to an authority in faith and morals which the greatest scholar could not disavow, he was · liable to be beguiled by self in­terested jugglery and sophistry of those who pretended 'to keep the lips of knowledge.' Nothing is more painful, nothing so unlike God who said , Let there be light,' than the combination of the priestly learning of that time to keep the people in gross ignorance, merely for the sake of plunder they obtained through them, and the power that through that ignorance they were enabled to exercise over them. \Vhat a Struggle for Light it was, we have already seen: and in that fight, many in the front rank on each side suffered most unjust death for their opinion and belief j so it was left to the few Protestant sUrvivors and to the second race of Reformers to carry. on and complete the work. .

In such troublous times as these, with the magnificent self devotion that we have .seen, despite every obstacle, and through constant peril, was the modem English Testament translated, first printed, and circulated. Now whoso will, may study it without any let or hindrance. Mayall who scan this Fragment have· the same absorbing interest and delight in oui modem version as Tyndale had, when, exiled in a foreign city, under a sense of the most weighty responsibility both to God and man, h. secretly corrected the pages of which we now present the Sun-Portraits.

'TYPOGRAPHICAL AND LITERARY EVIDENCE. 65

VII. Typograp hical and L iterary Evidence. T he foregoing Story is quite irrespective of the claims of the Text here

photo-lithographed to be a part of the Quarto. Before considering this, we may give the account of its late discovery, in 1836. .

Mr. Thomas Rood, of Great Newport Street, a respectable bookseller in Lo"ndon, having exchanged with • fricnd, who did not recollect how he came by it, a quarto tract by CEcolampadius, without any covering, th~re was attached to it by binding a ponioD in the English language, black letter; and though it was evidently the gospel or Matthew, with tlu pr%rre of fourte en pages preceding, neither Mr. Rodd nor his friend UDdcrstood, a t the time, what it actually was. By degrees, however, this was at last fully ascertained. • The 'accidental discovery,' says Mr. R., • of the remarkable initial Y, wi th which the fi rst page oflhe pro­logue is decorated, in another book, printed at Co!o~e in 1534,l first led me to search other books printed at the same pl;\cc, and I succeeded in finding every cut and !eUer, with the exception of one, in other books from the famt printing office, that of Peter Quente!.· Again:' I have found the type in which t1m portion is printed. and the cuts with which it is decorated, used in other bo.>ks printed at CoIOlDe from the year IS21 to IS40.' L....C. ANDERSON: 'Annah of IAt Encbsn BilJk,' i.. 6:a-J: Ed. ,8,45,

The Typographical proof may be conveniently expressed in three pro-positions. .

1. T his Fragment, whatever it may be, was printed by Peter Quente1 at Cologne before 1526.

This is demonstrated by 1. THE W OODCUT at;. 16 of the present lithographed text. I. This is the work of ANTON VON WORMS (Anthon y of Worms), an cxcel~nt engraver 'in wood, who

came to Cologne in or befon:: IS2S, (as appears by the date of one of his woodcuts printed there, being inscii.bed with thnt year,) and who appears to have lived in tha t ci ty until his death, about ISJ8. Some of his works are re£,uiar engravings (in particular a large view of the city of Cologne); others are title pages, and others woodcuts. Of these Adam Bartsch in Lt PtiHtrt Gravtur, v ii'. 488, Ed. Vienne, 1808, quotes II; but J ohn Jacob Merlo, ift KUn$J und KiJnstltr iH K.rbl, quotes 6 .. ; of which 40 of the best are enumerated in G. K. Nagler's KiJ.nfttr-Ltxicon, xxii. 91-96, Ed. Munich, ,8S2.

The woodcut is one of four representing the four evan£,elists, (three of them with their apocalyptic figures, viI.: Mark with a lion, Luke with a bull, J oh'n with an eagle,) sittill't: and writing, which fou r occur ill two large works which Peter Quentel was finishing about the same time, viz.:

(a) A German Testament (Emser's revision of Luther's version , with a commentary), which is dated 2J August IS29.

(b) A Latin Bible, Biolia iHttgm, tic. Ed. by Peter Ube!ius,dated September IS29. They are also said to occur in an earlier edition or Ubclius' Latin Bible, printed by Quen.tel in. IS27;

but I have been unable to meet with a copy of this impression. 2. Anterior to these three editions, the woodcut of Matthew alone appears on the title page, and also 2tfD/.

• of Rupertus' I,. "fatl/flzflm, ttc. , printed by Quentel in IS'26, already rererred to atp. 22. On accoUllt of its immense importance in establishing the date ~nd the printer or this Fragment, we ha\'e added on the blamk page at the end of this edition a facsimile of the lower part, including the woodcut, of this title page of tbe Commentaries of Rupertus I,. "fattlraulH, tic. , and De GlorificqtwlU Tr~itatu. ttc, ; wIDCIl. as Cochbeus tells us, was printed by Quentel for Byrckman.

Therefore the woodcut belonged to and was used in IS26 by Quentel. 3- Of the next point we are able to supply ocular demonstration. The woodcut a5 phot?"lithographedoD

I See next page . • It is to be rc~retted that Mr. Andel$On did not

obtain from. Mr. Rodd aU his references.

1

66 TYPOGRAPHICAL AND LITERARY EVIDENCE.

the last page of this volume, used by Quentel in Rupertus' III MallM1l1lt, lie., is cut down on the outtr side and at the bottom; SO that at the side the pillar and a part of the angel's wings arc cut off; and at the bottom the feet of the two pillars and a part of the foreground arc cut away. Compare it with the previous one.

Therefore the woodcut at;. 16 is Ollttrior to that at the end of the book. Therefore the Fragment was printed before the title page of I,. lirat/Mum, dc-., i .t. before 1526. .

4. The motive (or cutting down the woodcut appean to have beeo to allow a sufficient amount of type between it and the inner maztin or /0/. II of IN MattMII"', de" where the r-ed~ld cut is used a!'II an initial letter. Whether this be so or not, it is clear that woodcuts of the other three cvangc!ists had not yet (i.t. earlier than 1526) been dwgned. For they are the same width across as the ' Willlid cut of Matthew; and have the apocalyptic ligures, which Matthew h.a.!i not. It seeJJl$ therefore highly probable that Anthon von Wonns a'esll'n.e,{this woodcut expressly for T yndale's T estament; and that that work being suddenly stopped, Quentd made the best u.seof the b lock he could, reducing its size as convenient : and that after a time having occasion for them in other W01'ks he got Anthon to complete the series of four to the .size thus reduced.

a THE INITIAL atp. t. t . There were printed by various printers at Cologne, between 1534-40, and under the editorship of ~

Ie Loer, twenty folio volumes, mostly \lnconnected, of what was intended as a collected edition of the Works of the Carthusian Dionysius de Leuwe de Ryckd known as the' Ecstatic Doctor.' One of these volumes containing Commentaries on All llu Ctlm,,,.ica/ Epj$J/u. llu A~/s, aNi 1M A,.6«aiypSI (British Museum Pressmark 1008 e. 8) was printed by Quentd. and is dated September 153).

On the reverse of /0/. 72, a t the beginning of the Second Epistle of J ohn, is found the initial letter which appears on p. I of this Fngment. That initial therefore belonged to and was used by Quentel.

3. H ere, for want of time, I must refer to Mr. Rood's statement as regards the other initials, observing that I have met with the two-W ason p. 190 etc., and A as on p. )2 of the Text, etc.-in Emser's German Testament . above referred to. A further search would no doubt identify them all.

4. A similarity in the style of setting up the type has al ready been noticed at p. 22.

Indubitably therefore Quentel printed this Fragment before 1526; and from its contents, we !mow that he must have printed it for Tyndale.

2. Though-judging from what we here possess, viz. sigs. A to H-the portion A to K printed by Quentel at Cologne would hardly have finished the Gospel of Matthew: yet this fragment is NOT a portion of the Gospel of Matthew printed somewhere abroad for Tyndale in 1524 or 1525.

I. The first words of Till I",,/Qal contradict such an assumption. • I HAUB HaRB translated the newe Testamente.'

Again on ; . 2. • After hit had pJeasyd God to put in my mynde I and also to geue me gnce to translate this forehearced newe testament intO our englysshe tonge I howesoever we have done it: From this it is clear that the translation of the entire New Testament had been finished before the beginning of Till ~ /Qal was written.

2. The list of the Books of the New T estament would have been purposeless, had only the gospel of Mat thew been intended to follow it.

3. The passage referred to by Roy at (see p. 3Z) p. J2 of TCJl:t proves Till prO/OUI to have belonged to the New Testament .

.. In like manDU the passages alluded to by Rid ley (see / . 53) atpl. 10, 12. and J4 confirm the same.

3. This Fragment being printed by Quentel before '526, and not being a part of the Gospel of Matthew printed earlier than that year, must be a portion of the Quarto with glosses referred to by Cochl:eus.

This has already been proved. We may however notice that Tlu fri"cal , never reprinted by Tyndale, forms the substance of Till Pal"wa710 StrlPJuff. included aUlong TyndaJe's Workes, IS7), by John Fox.

DID TYNDALE TRANSLATE FROM LUTHER' 67

Is THE QUARTO A TRANSLATION OF LUTHER'S EARLIER VERSION ?

An important question yet remains. Is this a translation from tht:! original Greek, or from the German of Luther? All translators of the Scriptures have availed themselves of existing versions in other languages, as helps. In this way we think Tyndale used Luther's version; but we must remit this subtle question for resolution to abler hands. Certainly Tyndale was competent to translate it from the Greek, as his translation of !socrates' Oration proves, and as the title pages of his subsequent editions of the New T estament claimed for him. He was evidently familiar with Latin. He probably had mastered German by the time he came to Cologne ; and without doubt studied H ebrew at Womls and Marburg before 1530, when he published the English Pentateuch. Busche's talk is probably but an exaggeration of Tyndale's linguistic attainments. Evidently there­fore he was capable of an independent translation. H is frequent reference to 'the tonge' can only be to Greek, and he says, 'Consyder howe that I had no man to counterfet ;' see p. 25.

Whatever may be the case as to the Translation, we can judge of the extent to which Tyndale incorporated the writing!; of Luther in The prologge, the marginal references, and the glosses. J. Baynes, Esq., of the British Museum, has kindly compared the two versions with the following results.

1 . Luther prefixed to his tran51ation (1St Ed. Sept. 1 2nd Ed. Dec. I S::Z::Z) a short Vqrrlude or Preface from which Tyndale took nearly fi ve paragraphs-beginning from diU al/te t estafflent ist 17n Dllcll! daryn1Wl Cottisresetz, etc. down to • . •• mellr stero..n-being more than half the VIWTlude; and has intro­duced it into the ~~«e beginning- on p. 3 with Tlu olde testament is a DoIu / etc. down to $1uJ/l never more dye, at the top of p. 4. With this exception, the jIrofIJrre seems to have been entirely written by

. Tyndale, who a lso fumb .. hed the foUf glosses found attached to his quotation from Luther. 2. The inner MARG I NAL RIU'ERI!NCES are selected, with a few additions, from Luther's version. 3. Some of the CLOSSES are entirely Luther's, some (and these chiefty explanations of words) wholly

Tyndale's, and some are identical in meaning but differently expressed from Luther's, as if each were a dis­tinct tnnslation of some earlier original. Of the 93 glosses in the Fragment, the following 41 appear to

. have been £NTI RELV supplied by Tyndale..

p. 18; That ys to saye by the l esus is asmoche to !.aye Christe bryngeth god. where

p. lQ. l ury is the londe ; . 20. Rachel! was buried not ferre ;. n. Put youfe truste in goddes p. <13. All these dedes hefe rehearsed p. 24. l otto Is as moche too saie

"Brcaketh This do they which

p.26. Rewarde./ Ye shaJl not P.21. Syngle. The eye is single p. ::z8. Fornace. Men heete there p. )0. Wilt. Faithe knoweth not p. 31. Centurion. Is a captayne ;. 34. The hervest are the people P .3S. Beyande the see commenly

Fynsshe That ys/ ye shall nott. That is to sty openly .

J 2

68 DID TYNDALE TRANSLATE FROM LUTHER '

P .37. In the name of a prophet water. Compare dede too dede

J . 38. !.esse. That is Christe Violence when the consciencC$ To vpbrayde is to cast

p . .fO. Desolate, That y5 wasted p. <fl • .,. viper ys after the

H ere may ye se p . • :t, H e that hath. where p. 43. The .seed ys sowen

Tares and cockle are P.47 . Profylt. Mark the leven p . • 8. Tradi tions of men must rayle

p. so. Peter in the gnke [This long notc is an expansion of a short one by

Luther.] p. 51. Itt 50undeth yn greke

Dedes; For the dedes P. 52, Strange (eyth requyreth p. 54. H ere all bynde and loost P.57. Seven a d ocke with VI

p. s8. Dy this similitude may ye p. 59. Redeme I is to deliver

Sonne of david. As many p. 6t. Ihon laught the very waye

The remaining glosses are either literal or paraphrastic tl'3.nsl:uions of Luther, or of some earlier original. U then the Quarto were annotated in this manner, about one half of the glosses were contributed by Tyndale. Thus far a t least there is nothing to detract from lhe genuineness or his work, as a whole.

Anyone who will compare our Authorized Version with this first attempt, cannot fail to be surprised to find what a large proportion of this T ext has survived intact the ceaseless tests of innumerable translators; which is another corroboration that Tyndale both went direct to the Greek and that he did his work excellently.

We must now draw to a close. 'What was intended as a short Preface has become a small Book: and yet the subject is hardly more than begun. Every point upon which we have touched i~ capable of a more exact defini­tion, a more ample illustration. It is indeed wond~rful that we know so much as we do, considering the circumstances; but it is certain that there is much more that by a patient search may be recovered. "\Ve have endeavoured here to aWluce nothing for which there is not adequate, and, as far as possible, contemporary authority, and we leave off the inquiry feeling that we have only just commenced it. Yet enough has been adduced to show what a great Story surrounds the first beginnings of our printed Testament. ' Vill some one become the Historian of the English Bible? Wherever he may lead us in that history we shall find that the Introducers of the Bible into our nation, as well as the ceaseless Correctors of it since, have for the most part been interpenetrated with an unfaltering love of Truth and Holiness.

Hitherto that History has suffered much at the hands of its Narrators. Fox1s Ecclesiastical Encyclopredia is very scanty in its information respect­ing the early English Reformation down to '530. The first Edition of the Actes, &>c., 1563, contains some valuable original Memoranda, etc., contributed to it by Eye-"Witnesses : but in the second and later editions Fox, writing impersonally and violently, deprived all these contributions

CONCLUSION.

of much of their freshness, beauty and graphic portraiture; and therefore of their power to reproduce to us the life and action of those times. He is therefore to be read with great caution.

or later writers, Mr. Anderson, who commenced in his Annals our popular literature on this subject, is often as faulty as Fox. Indeed there has been an · unfortunate fatality among some of . these later writers. Lewis voted Cochheus' statement-which is a cardinal poist in the His­tory-to be entirely a fabrication; and An<;lerson errs as often as he is right. One excuse for this is the difficulty of the search. The priestly hunt after the Testaments 10 which we have referred was altogether unnoticed in the general movement of the time. The question of the day was the King's Divorce: and the fate of the captured Testament readers, secretly tried, though openly punished, did not-in that age of violent deaths­attract universal attention. So the full history of that of which we have here given a sketch is to be found in the Bishops' Registers and other such recondite sources.

Of the fruits of the English Scriptures who may sufficiently speak? One gx:eat tangible result has been the ennobling and perpetual eleva~ ting of the English character. Had the bishops stamped out the Bible, England would have been as Italy and Spain were, and much of the world's history would have been differently written. Hence the story of the English Bible is for ever intenvoven with the history of England and of the United States. The free Word of God has brought to us freedom of mind, of soul, and of estate; and we in this, as in so many other things, now inherit, without even a passing thought, principles and privileges which our forefathers oftentimes purchased with- their lives. May we in like manner be found faithful to all that is true and right in our day and generation, and hand down intact to our children the munificent gifts which we have received, for nothing, from our ancestors.

What shall we say of the illustrious Translator? Strange alchemy I by transmuting the thought of one language into the expression of another to free a people from ignorance, priestcraft, mental and spiritual serfdom. Yet by the grace of God so it was. Tyndale saw his life's work accomplished.

" Ere he was taken away, the English plo'llghboy came to knojV"the Scriptures. He was preeminently a large minded and lofty spirited man. He had great mental capacity, but a greater moral purpose. Ceaselessly for twelve years, at the least, he laboured at his great work; yet, so to speak, in secret: which is one reason for his not having been adequately appreciated by posterity. For: example, he was a far greater man every way than Latimer,

70 CONCLUSION.

Thomas Cromwell, or even More, though not possessing so bright a wit as he had: yet perhaps he has not been so much honoured as they. Another reason of this is, that in translations the less of the translator the better; so that he was lost in his works, his controversial writings being quite byplay to his effort in translating. Yet even in controversy he wrote with remark­able strength and clearness. All his work was done in exile ; Henry's agents met him as it were by stealth, and tried to cajole him to come into England. The bishops-like Giant Pope, in Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress -bit their nails because they could not get hold of him. So at length he was, by the treachery of that arch·Judas Philips, betrayed; and then, after twelve months of imprisonment at Vilvorde, his last prayer, previous to strangulation, was lLord! Open the King of England's eyes.'

Much more will some day be known of him. . Among the archives of Belgium may yet be found the papers seized in his house at Antwerp by the Emperor's Attorney when he was captured. Among the records of the German Diet may yet be obtained the Emperor's decree ordering his execution. And among some English dust covered collection may still be found such of his manuscripts as passing into the hands of his Timothy­John Rogers- came over into England. Enough is already ascertained to stimulate in us an unceasing search for every trace of him and an increas­ing study of his works; and what we already know of his nature and character, of his w~)fk and purpose, fully justifies our for ever revering him as the great Apostle of our early Reformation.

A word or two as to the present lithographed Text. In the original, as might naturally be anticipated, some of the lines and

letters are faded and broken. With the view of facilitating their perusal, all the~e rotten letters have been made perfect, and the Text printed black and sharp. After which the Fragment was again read with the original, so as to ensure absolute accuracy.

It may help those unfamiliar with black letter to state that a dash over a letter indicates that m or 1t are to be added: as tepte means tempte, wet went. Also that the flourish at the end of some words is the plural IS, as whaallu (whales), spiritLs (spirits), etc.

There are numerous misprints in the text, characteristic of the great difficulties under which it was produced, being secretly composed by the Cologne compositors under great and constant fear of detection.

FINIS CORONAT OPUS.

LAUS OED.

[THE TITLE PAGE IS WANTING IN THE GRENVILLE COpy.]

ibaUt bttt ttaWJ4tth cblCrbcm anb fu/ier6mQ)fi~eru.nb renberly !>crouc!) in([b,ifr ) Ibc IIC" wc ~etiam(nl f.n ),ourc fpirilua/f C~ l)"fFingclconfol4don/an~ fola6: l!~b~lIYl1gc iriflanrly anb bcfc~yngc rboicrbal 4rt berrcr (cne in Ibtt~n!31 tben 'f I 4n':l Ibal bal>' ~rtr g"ll., of {fraCllO interprel t~, fmce ofd" ftr~

. iprure I ant' m(an"",,c of Ibe fp),l;'" te/lben "fr¢cont;blC 4nb pon~le my

""---' laboure I anb Ibal wilb I~e (prlite of mefen(6. 2Inb "f rbe,. pCfceyt'cin en)' places tb41y "at" not 4lfayneb tbe t'uy fmet of Ibe tonGe I 01 mean"",,c ~f rbc fniprure /01 bilue nor get'en rberiebtenel"fT\le \T)o~e l tb4ube)' pur rorbrrt banbfro ammbeitlrememb:),nGe rbal fO Is IbmblJeliffO ~oo. jont'e balle norrect),,,ebrbc sY(lfof Gob fOI OlJrljfCil16only/0l F.nro br~e Ibrm: bur fOlIo be(lo"" t~em IlnlO tbl bononring, of GO~ an~ d7lifl/anl) el)y frinGe oflbe ron~ I1rcgadoll /Uld}id}ie Ibe I>0l)), of¢lill.

fr~br c4ufc6 Ibat mOllel) me torr4n(14re / 9 tbouG!!t belur t!)alolber(bulbr "ma{fion/tben tbat)· rbulb~ rr~cilm rbem. mOl( coer)' fuppofeb ,,1 fuper~noll6 1 fOII1'~o )'6 (0 bflonbt to are u>"" Iye!)r (bulbc be fb''rocb 10 I\>cm I~al w4!f, {n l)erc'~ nrl'l l wbm rb~ ClllmOI bUI flomblcl anbwbcrf to flombl't y" r~e ~4unger Of mrnatfbammllcion I orb" fo'bcfpYGbtfuff t~ar be Ulolbun"y, (n),m4n (v fpeAfe nm ~ie blorblr) (0 "m/far,!' .t r~inGt / or fo beblc", mabbe to Ilff)'lme t~4t gCOb i~ r~e "4turlilf CAuf, of ),utff I an~ ~lrtnt6 to proccl)e OUtf of ryebt I anb r~at I,inel (btllbe b, grounbtb in trOllgt~ Ani)

I'",ric / 4nb norl utb" crtne contrary 119M Irg"t ':It ~r~ <

'tt~brrcfntl'llanb "tririe rtprol>rt" alfmann" C,inGt. 21 ij

'l~~ ([21(lu ~il ~4bpIc4f)'l) gobro put inml' m,nbe /anbclfo 10 \1£1 u£ me grace rOIrAnnaru!1i" for<re~<arc<b nfU)< t<llam(nlin} to ollr< <ngl,ff!>< tong</9= efoe",r tl)c !)Aue bone it .:3 fuppo~ feb yc Nr, n<celfary ro put you in "1II<mb,aUII« cf cerrayne poyntf /tl)~id) are:r~ar't tl)df,,"b<r/l'o"tletl)~ar r~efetl)o'tlf me4/1(.~beolb<!ttl4ment.([lrl)t neU>l rellamer. ([ II: ~(la\T( ([~9tgofpdF.([~lofc".([{"'ili.([tlArurC.([C9taC(. ([roo. ' /'jnge anbbde"VOlJe. ([ SOetlreanb fa)'t9</1t<tl tl)utlrybe / to tl}e onu"arUl/Jld)bdong<d,)tor9r 019<r / Anb IIIAr£ at (~'itl morce / oflbegofpdfr9t ll.Arot I tltfpifcgraceAnbrobbe

Z~ I fA,rge:anb fatffrorn md'dhllvogrmto,bltbrfpicioiie/ blAu~ Itnn:<~~e ftr Unll'< anb feoltl,nge Aboln< rooltlf.CIi!:9( db<rcilalll" ie A bM

• t</tT9rrc in ieTO.,ttrnr!lc l<tweantleomAuntlmirj'cf gotl/Anb rr,.brbte of tl,cm mbid> tulfilftl)em/Anboft!Jrm alfo U19fd) ful fitfr~cmnott. ([itl,c nnl't tcllama i& a boteU19rrt in Are eotrrncb r9< p10~

~t ",we Ie m)'f(eofll~/anb r~eb<tlr&ofr9rrn Il'~id) brl<urr"rm <» belt} "amcnt lIu9cm nm. Zilt o(pd ifllall'diOCrj)at Ill( cAftbegofprf)ie A grefe \llOlbe/1r.ll'n,fyt~ 01 ",a~Stlion Il'oob/m<ry/slabanb io,f\ltfl)'tlingr /t9armafrt~ a mAnnre9£'l

rt Il'Llb / anO mAFtr~ bym f,nll'e lbaunet AnO ('(cpc fo. ioye. 21£; ro"cn 5OA",b9atlf1tnb(fjoIYArb 19t ll'eAor / CAm gl4tlt,binll'i' mro II,c icro£e/r~AIt9(ir furfutl'anb cructfenemy WAe tl4vne I Antl19t,bd,\)(fetl outtof "IFbAllngmf011l'1~tlnce werc of/19<' fongc/bAllnfctl/ AntlW(f i~fulf.3nl,fe mAnnerie 19t C"AnIl'C} Ii~n ~f 1l'0b (Il'~i~ \\'( cAlfeofp(tf/Anbt~( nt\\'< lotiawil) io),} jitffl)'tllngj'/anb A&f~me fAvc:a goob ~earin{f pUb/iffl,cb b, I~£ ApOIiI,e ~tOUe~ OllIe Atfr~(_11t1c/of(b'itll~ riIl'~1 SOA",b ~oro( I~ar ~e 911t~e fOllll'!>twir~ f,,"lIt /1I!itb btrj)t/antll~ ~t" t>itf/antlovcr cumc I~(m. tv~mby otfnlil\lAlwcfC 1II130tlAIl''' 10 frnnc/WOIltlcb MI9 tlcr~(/outrcii of I~( tlt"itf IAn ll'ir~ oute I~trc awnt mtrittl' ofbtfrroingr llofeb I illf},fvttl/ r(llorrbro~ I,ft/ An~ favctl/b,ougbttofibertie / AnO rcconcilcbmlo I~t fM "our of gob /anbfrttAI ont1l)il~~"m AgOvnC : ro9id) tytlinll'i' ae man, Ae bdl""lt'anb( p1Ayfe Antll~A"de Il'ob/Are l1rAD/fvn~

wl)l rIIt nan gc Antl bAunn f<» ioyt. anion yo calv ([i!:~ie C114II(Ieflon or gofrelf ( r~al i5 to fA,r/fud)< io,.fptf ty~ leO atrium" binlff)ie CCllfcbl9C nCll'tl<fiolncnr . 13ccAllfc I~Qf Ae" mAn

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pz%ggc. wbm ~£ fvAtfb)'t Apoyntcrll ~ie gcoNtj'to be ~ r4lle An~ bi/iri ~ l>uce~,*(1" brebnve IImonge t~fTII wbid;l br nAmfl~ cob. bie V,),:ee. 'If"enfo (~rifl biforr ~ie bctj,r commAunt)cbAnb (lp~yntell ~4f fUd;lr eIljlllg< lion/gofpdr/ort)'b,,"{!'ff~ulbC be t)(d'4fcb d):Oug~ ollce CIlfc~( U'o:lbe/Anb t~(rt Ultt~ co gelle "n to Alfc!>Ac b&"c CIlfbl6 g~llf/I~ac ie co (4)'r/bielrfc/wbm n>il~ befUlafbUleb anb~"ollre~"Pbrtbe: bi&rigbccU'efnce/ U'bere mull!).: Mn}'fbeb f}'nnc:~ie flll"4cion/wbcrcu'itb ~e O? ",rCjIIIl cttrm./fMm andon.~ oW( c.::n rbe Ul:ffCVet) mjlll(r~' 1 i61l1:appcb in tYnnr/jlllt) ie in baungtr to bnvr anb vdf) ~eAre nomoareio,U6 a t!>rngl/Ibcnplcbcglab4nb comfouAbfe t)'/ blngj' /0((lJ1ifl.60r~al ~e cannot blllb, glAt> 4nb l(IIIg~ tront cpdoU'lbortomof !>I6VrrC / if~r brlr'" mac t!>ct)'byngf art IreWI. m:ofirmgrv Pld) fe1t!>tlllil~ afI/ gob p1om,,(ebtJ>j6 Vie e,,~? gd'lo" i"cbco/bncfiammrb, d)e p:oebtttf (4& pauffA)'!b in t!>e fy1fi d;laplermco IVI roman6) . ~oW( t!>4t \II UlAe d;Iofcn oure to p:eA<i)e g~llf e"Angtlion/Ulcbicb ~t 6efo:c b4bl':om,? (eb b)'~e p:opbcrl1in ~(!Io/, fcriptttr1 tbat treAttofbi& fonnv lI!d)icb U'~ bo:"e of Ibe feel:) O(bA"1b .. 3n Ibl t~:rb d;lal'ter of gmncfte/gob fllirb to Ibe (repent:)' Ul)'lfput barreb birU'me Ibe jill'll cbe!Wman/ bitU'ene Ibl' feebe Anb berfeeN / cbatfalfe (eebe (bllfftrcab tP1 b(ebmber (otc.l!>lilhe tbi6UlomAnefw be / pc it ie tbat barb trQl:)m mbcr fotU~( belll'll'1bCtb / c~At ietofll)'efvnnc/bet!>l/ pdf? anbatfbiep¢U'cr. 50: U'itb ouce c!Jjefcetlcclln 110 man a"o,bcfynnc/bubc/bttf anb lucr\4/1,n? geban4Cion. tr21gatne gcn.1#i.gob p:omneb 2fb:cbam (4)'ige:m rb, (rebe I'I1C1lf al/ tbe gmcratio& of t!>c nlv' bebfijfeb.lvliji ie tvat (fe? be of21b:a~am fa,c" faynrtpA Dfin tpc IPr1b 10 cbe !1a1a~14n" ~I ~4d) blcjfeb 4f'~,U'0:fue t!>rcIIg~ rvc Gofpt!'. 5crU'~crt (blili ie nct/c~e rtmAint~ cbecurffc c~4rfe!'on @4A6fcooe ae pc ~4b lynmb!60 t~AU"C)' 4T( in bon!)4gc Ilnbu t"cbom; n4Cion off,Mc/bct!>e/jIIIl) belf. 2fgal'nflcrbie CUrffl blcffcrv nOUle IPC ltofpclf IIlftbclWrll)c/in 4fmod;lt A& it O')'(t~ opmly / Q)~O fO eIlcr btlt1'(C~ on cbe fccl:)C of2fbrll!la (balbc blcjfeb/t!>M ie/jIc ~cbdrcrrtt) tTo f)'lmc/bttbe anb vcll74~4lf!>rnct fort"cOnr)'IIUI";""cW(e/l~n1'lc/4nb fA"Ctl for cucrl (l6l~rifl .... " :u iif

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l"b, ~,m r,llfe flllt!lCin 1\1' p.of3Pon)~' t"~t bdmt90n mt ("~ff n",ermoreb",. tl~bel4U)C(r4itbtbc lI~fpeff'of3~on inl~t firtt cb4pur) war. gC'Dfn b(mofc6:bm grace 4nb ~crilk bc3efus l[~ti/t. ~bc 14" a:>e( U)~oftmil1iffer)'Smo"s) u)lIsd""n tobf)'neU'eI)ntotbc 'nowleee of oure fcl"e& / t"AtU) e mrdbttbc rc b,. fele Anb pc rf "4."e 111" III a:>eitre of nAture. ~b"41l't conllemncrb 1>5 4nt> 4tr OUrt lltbe&/4nll i&C4l1cb ofp~ul (in t~trbwb c"lIf.oft"e reconb ~ I>MtO t9ccorrimbi.1n5) Ibe m,n,,/tr<tcionot1>er"c. jor il

Cri) OUrt COnrClfflCe6 4nb bri"erb 1>5 10 bejper4cion/in 45 mOf ,be (1& ilrcqu,rctb ofl>5tbllt 111""cl) is ~npofliblc fot 1>& 10~. 3tnqu,rct" of"6 t"ebcb'f of An a>bole/m4n. )Irequ,retb perf fcctd'o"e from Ibdo\\ld,orromc <IIlb JjTOllnbe 0 fIb' bertl as 'II1ttfin A1frbil1jffwb"" Il'e (utfrc/ol.Sintbo t~in(ff U'b"c~ \\Ie boo.13UI f""3"on (in tbef4mc p/Acc)lIracc <IIlb "eriric is gef "in "5111 "'ri/l. 60 IbAt Il'ben l"d4U'e ,,(llb P4lftb "I'pon 1>&1 (lnb'~tmneb "910'Oelb( Ulb"cbis ~i&n4ture lobO) )t~(n ~(I~e \\!tin €brifillr(ICe/IbAtislofa,., f4"oure I prom"fes of/,ft/of mer",/of p(\'bon lTd" b9 tbe mcritts ofe!: "ri/l/4nll in (~ri/l b41 "e U)C "critic <IIl'O frombl/in !bAI lIob fiTlfillit" "tf"is promyrls 10 '''''''AI bdcl>t.~bcrforc 1& fbe 1I0fPeU Ibl mini/lrllCion of 11ft . p"ul c4l1rtHit/in tbeformbtArceb plllCe of Ibe fecob cb"".lo t"tcor.tbem9ni(fr4don of l!)efp,ritt/lln'O of ril'lbua>cfn'6,)n Ibe go1J!ell)l>bfll we bel,,,e t~eprom,,(t&/we rcCtllrttbc fpyrile ofl,fe/4nhrfiuffifieb in rbtbloUb of <r~ri/t ITom IIIf rbinl'lf cpbn-e oft~t 1'1»' conbemneb 1>&. 4)( (~rjfl ili& WI ittcn inr~e forere!1tartc'O fir(l",,,,,,tr of~o:tbie i6 ~e of ",.p0fe Ilboun= "'4l1nce I or fUIl"IIfS / 4Ifll't b4UtrCC((I,,(b I grlJct tw!lr""( lor f""oure fotf411oure. ~bMi5ro flJ" I for rbe (,,,ourcr/)41"0t> 1)4tb 10 "is fonne (britt I be gn>er~ "nlo 1>& ~i& f4~ollr / ,,"'0 ~b will/"" 4 flSl~cr 10 bI6fonn(&. 21& 4tfirmCl~ 1'4111 flJ,inllc: U)~"c~ 101>cb ~inhi&bdo1>eb bcfort rbccrelSlion oftlle UlOlr~ be. 501 t!>tlo,,"",,1 gob blS'~lo<rbrifi/bdo,,(f""e/anbnot for ourtlS~C faiti'. €bri/llem"belor'Oe 0,," d74n'O iec.slftb in r'riplurr IIOb1>1 mer", /tole w~ ofoe1>cr ~r"b 10 (brill/ '''" nr~ fber be4re nor rtcn~' of gollm, or"erlbin".fll'" merc,. «1:3" l/)to/l:lctt/l4mrnt 4rt mllnr prom)'frll/I»b),cb 4re nOlbin~ gUl&bUf I~t t1>llnSdion or gofpdl/ lof4'" I~OI' r~(If bd'1>cb

"

Plolo~I1{. I~em / Irom Ibe "'"\Jaun't of roe lawe. ~nb in IbentUlf tt~ m,"li" Of1£ mabe mmClonofrbe lawelloconbcmrb,mftt>bvep bdtot nott rbc prom,~s. tTl orteuer tbe I4w, Anb gofpdf mA~C nnllrbefCf'trluc:fortbt eofptif' AnbpromrieJ> fir", bur fOrlroubkb confeitncf u>o}'c~ ar breue~1 10 befptrAcion anb fdell,c pil1ne6 of~tlfilnbbtlbt IInbrrlbdilWtlanb are in Cilp'::: ti»ilie Anb bonbagt "nber Ibe IAW(. 3n a1fmylleb1v mu=' (k bil\lc Ibe lilUlC before me 10 conbem m,ne llnpcrfecmte. sor "lflbill "boo (be, mllcr fo perfeett) ill yUbamnilblt 6>n:: ne/IIl!)m bit ill compartb 10 ,"t I4lllt / wb,cb requ)'rttblbc grounbunb bottoom of m)'llt \1m. 3 muilelbrnforc hall''';:: IIlIl)'fSlbdilllle in m" faebl /rbAI)'ma,.e be mePcmthe rp,ri" re /4IIb ,,, ... , eob atflbe IA®e anbpra,fe I afcrybingtlo b,m q,lf rieblewefneJ>/anb 10 my r,lfe alf Ilnnebttmqnu 4;nb f,nne. :3 mufle Alfo halle Ibe promrfce before "'1n, tyrel tbar,brf Wtrre nottl inwhycbpromvfe0 vfe tbe merC}' / f,,\lour, I allb {Ialb "'rlfof SOb Dopon 10' in Ib' blonb ofl,ilI fonnt lbnft/ ",b,eb b4rb mabe fatiefAction for mrlll vnperffClntl!/~lIb fill:: filkb formeltharwbre!), coulbe nortboo. 4I~m ma,e J'e percea\le Ibar Itro mannn of "eoplean fort bt(eA\leb.Sirfiftbrr III b,e b iufiifietbem (tlfe Wilb onrelllarbt bebf lin 1~41lbc,. ab(iA~n( Qllul'arbl, from Ibatwbreb 'be la" \lit forbibbrtbl ~nb ~QO oUtlX'arblylbar ll'byeb tb,laUl"o"", mau"bt/~. ctbe,compnf tbcm fd"c;;'o 01''" 1Y""tr& anb in rtfl'tcte oftbcmiufli(iubem (duts conbtm"~ne( lb. opmfvn" ncrs.tbc}' fe nott bOIX'Hbdame requ,.rttl) 10lll frem Ibe bor" tom oflbebm.3f Ihcyb,b I"e)' 1X'0ibe nOl,conbme Ib'rcnrs~" bour,,:IlO\le ~,bCl~ I~C multitub, offrnnr0 I f~ilb fa,nc,prr,r in ~i6 firli pililr. Jor "'bom rio", from rj)e bepe bonom anb grounbe ofm,ne bm/~ym conb,m y nott/nelj)frncPi ~if' li'n.::: nf,. Ibul (ujfr, bie wrafncJ> anb in(irm,rir I al! a mOl\ler .be It'mrs ofbrrfonn, / \lmifrbe grOUle "I'pein 10 4 perf"" mi. crtbofe41fo arebecw',b Ul",c~ l1'il~ OUIC alfft4rt ofgob \Jtll' t~tmfd\lee,,",o alf'mantflrietJ>l1'il9 jUlfc/lftmlanbfulf"dr(~ lario/114"insrno reWectt 10 fbt Ic.ltlr of eob( rnbcrl1'bofe "'et'" aunce I~', arrlcdtb \lpin I'lIf'ti"iti<)bUlfayr:eob ie mrreifillF anb_C~_riflb,eb for"l!/ruppo~nSt rbAffud;!tbrtn,tyner c.l1b vma 11Inaaoaet~4tfa,,~wbye~~fOerr4d, comitleb I ~ol, feril'lUr •.

'hrurt.

~be tl~ye tb~tie nottf"yt,,/but rat~cr ~ f~lif1g e opynion w!ynI11n ~ I1t oft~mawn'n~turc/ an~ ie nott !1tUtn t"elO of IPC (pyrite of go~.~ nwc fl\,tp ie Cae (",t9 t"e apojf!c pau!) tp. gyfle of go~ I1n~ i& gCl>Cn to (ynero 11ft'" IbdltIDcl)arp pallt~ "pon l!Jent Anl) !J~lb blougptlbmconftimrf ImlOI"C bl)'m of bcfpcroci~ on/I1J1b fOlotl>C& of peff. t[t:~<v I~"t ,,11"C Ipiel'igbt f".I'tp / confcntto tpc llttl)e 1~41 il 1& rig~tcroc6 anb goob/(ulbluftift<g~b ""bic" maber".llttl>c/anb ~"I" bdcctacion in rbdall)c CnolfwitbftollNngnbatrb,y can nottfulffi/r u / fortb,rewcal'nC&)anMpcv abborrctl>p4t(o,~ ",rrbc lawe fOlbVbl)~tb / tb~ugb Ibcv C4nnott <I"o,l), il. :;Inl) tbel'C Ore4tc foro'Q)cie/bccaufctb', cannot fUlfill' tb. wdl'of gob in Ibe !,twe/aubtbcfp)'lirc tbatio inlb,m crv.tb to gob nvl1bt4llb bart for /lrmgrb I1nb "dppc witb tcarc& Ca6 fa,tb paul) tbafC4III1ot bce,tp«lTc" tl>irb 10nOe. crtb. firflc /tbat iet~ fa)'. a iu(ticiar;c / Illbicb IOftif,ctb brm fl!fe IDirb bt& outID4ttlCl)''''f/cojlntctb nott t~tbdaw. in l"o'Ir ~ b,/nclbcrbarb ,,«uta cion tpmin/,,/ bttl>o!bcratper t!>atno fucbe rlttl>t tl>erc.5o I\Iftitlctb pc norrgob/but baltt" "ym 0'I1l a l,riit/nclbercMCtp 9,for tbe promrfre/ buttl>itfWilb bie al""C /lrigrb b, fa~.our ofb,m (Il/fc:no w)'r. glolifyctb be gob/ tbo~ 110" be fcmc OIlt\l)4!l). 10 l)co.

t[~bt feconl)e/ rb4t i& 10 fa)" tbe fcnfcwcffprt'fonc/ae a "o!up' tCOU6 fttyl1c/"rt~tr fttlmh .I1ob in l,Jifi fawt /lIct~cr i6 rbanrfutr ro !>~nt for ~ie promvfre Ail" nltrc)'/\ll9ic~ i&fm fOl'~ 1M (~lIfi to 11lf't"tlt1t~at bdcw~. ([~crig~rc":itim mam cOllfcntc'~ tot!>dl1wct!>4t bitJeng~t' wee / Anb iuflifl"", gob inrbdl\wc / fcr~' A/fprntctb rbat G~b ierig!>twre 40b lufte / wbicb i61\Ut~1 oft~dl1ll'c / !>c bc!e"c'~ t~< pl~myfe6 of Oob /anbfo ielii 'ttb gob /inbo",gc !>,m mire Anb bdcuinocr~111 betl>iff)'ul re prom,fc6. \l)j,!> ,!>dl1l1)( "cc~nbincr!> bym fy!fe Anb a iebfb1/anb o"'''9atf'bt PI4?~ fc to gob. !>c btlrucrbtbt plomyfc& / I1nb Afcribctb aff'rrout!>to goMbue c"cI')' tI>!>ercillflifirt!> be gob/Anb prayfttb 110l). ([:Or nArnrc '~rong~ tbefanle of A~arnlarcwe tbcc!>,lt>rm of roro'ltb/!>crrc6oftbc wg'.tunet of gOb b, byub/ye Anll fi'om Oll~ "concepcion/we bllllC ollre fdfowf!>ippe wil!> t!>c lIAmncb bt~ ",a, "nbcrt~t pow" of bcrmr& "nb I'll!, of (atan /wbyle we

,

· prologgc. 11'e""( yatinourc morbmuwmbc6/tlJOllg" ll'cfb(\l'( nctt fou~e t~efl'cllfc60ff",n(/~errart me fidf of tlJe IIMllf4lf POV~ fon m~rre of 4Iff",rutfoebf fplynge/anb c<inorr bllt I1nnc o~ 11'~rbf( be1l7e IUl>Cr fo )'ongc) I'fo"4(1011 be gtllfn/f01 oure na n4tIIre i6tobcof)'lllle/iI;6 i6tb(lf(IWreo( afcrperuto ICynge 2!nl) a& 4 frrpcnt )'tt~e/01 )'ettlll1btougbl (oube i& (ulf' ~f popfonl anb canno" a/imNrl)( ( \l'/)fn lilt fl'IIIt I~ comC4nbocc4jion glll," )bult In",gc fOtlbe tbe ji-flltt6lbere of. 21nl> a~ An ebber / a ro:>bC/Ola(naie i& bard' of man 1 (norrfOt tl)c rod! r~ar ir ~ar!J bOlle / bur fOt rbe po,fon r~atie in it anb burtmbieb it cAnnolt b UI b"" )60 Are 1I7e "lIteb of gob f01 ~tnaturdfpopfon 1I7~id) ill concea",b 4nl>bomc wit!> lltI/btfOlf mt ba> en), outm4rbe,,~ ",tf.21nb a6rbe "wIJ/lXI~idJ A wnumou& mOtmeb¢d!1/maFttb ir norr a (apent : but be c4uft ir i6 4 ","umous 1I7Otmt.l~aef~ rebott" it ,,-oclfanbpo~fontrb.21nb 46r~e fi"uu mllfet!> nol t!>e Irtf "wlt': bur becaufe It i6 an Cl),tf !riC 1 tbcrf01c bt,ngetb It foltb ~fi"ul(/mbtn I~e (ea(on offi"urc i6. Ifl'cn fo bm norr curHll,!'ffbcb'j' maFe 1ltI~: bur becanfc ~ar ofn4turc_ arcc\l(!f' /rber/Ole wc bol~ctb"nfe ant> b"" fl)yft'l anb Art I'M 'lIcr_gclIunce/ml)ertbc lame/conl)ictt totttmatl'balllll4ci6n bl' rb([4mt/anb arHontr4r)' 10 Ibe lXIitf of gob in aU ourc U»'f!I Clnb in aiflb",ltj' confcnt to Ibe myffofrbe fcnbc • .rl3" £IrClCc(rb41 i& ro fa)'c b~ f41)0Urt )mtilrt plucPeb outt of 3bamtl)egrounbc of 4ft' el»itf/4nb er"ffeb in lbtill rbtrOfe of 4Ifgo.>bnc&. 3n lblill gob /ol)(b 0& bi6 decle allb q,ofen/ bqOlt 1i)c1l70llbc btg<ilanb re~b IltI onto Ibe Fnomlegcofbi& fon~ ne anb of bl'e bol}' gofpdf7 anb 1I7ben rbe go(peU i6 puad)tb to "e be openerb oure bcrrtl'/anb If"'"b ~ grACe to belel)( "nb pullttb rbe (piritt of €b1ifi in 1)61 4n~ we Fnome bi ~ me 46 ourt f<'rber mmll mtTCl'fulf / anb (onfcnr to tbc 1M IlIt /jlnbl~l)cirl"",(\rbl" inourt /)frt I Allb bcfl'l'tco/itlfyffit/ AIIbfOto'lllebecaufe 1I7e cannoc/m/,lid}milf (f)'llllc 1I7C offr,,},I:: ticnetlUfo m«f)c)i& fafficicnt rift'm01e f!rmgrb be g(l)tl'&/r/)f bloub of €~llfl b"'~ m~ f4tiff4Ction foH~mflet!>t bloa~ of €~lill bill" obtc},ncb 4Urbi!J1 (0% 06 of gob.lbli/1i6 our< farif" facnon/rebfmcr/bf/}'tlUt1'/f4wour ji-om ",nge4WIce.nb\tn~ (\f~·Q)~ftrUc ~ merre in tbe pililnJ OfP4UII/ An~ J'a!:r I w

» 7

~be .f~rtlzl lo"e/ in!\1.goW,1f ~n~pi(fk .. 0(3\1on w!1atlbli/t is "litO "5. "'~IRe" .rl!>"f4J'l~ 4re we f4"e~ onl" in bel.",n!!< tbt PlcmrfeG I. 2ln~

I~oltgb f4it~ 1>< n,,,,r tt'ir~ OIlU 10'" anllgt('b tt'trfC6/,rti.;ou;, rtf~"inl!timl'uteb nfl~tr to 10llr n01 "nt~ goob wrrFfl but "nto fl"l~ elll". jOlleue anl> wtrff an "n~er rb, la..." l1>/)i<\> reqll"~ rcr~ plt(tction 1 anb rbe grcunbr (lnb fom<t,necftbt ~m 1 anb lIanetb allimperftttnt6 . t1ol1>tiG faifb "nller tllt Plcln,fepl \l)j",banrnot:butgn>e alfgraC(/mm), <till> (4"our 1 (lnl>l1>bat ",'''(fiG conrrrnellintbt I'lomrft<l.

R 'a/zrewef I 4[~i"!1rn'\)e[n, .. iGl>i"frG 1~I"nt>t rejl,fonymagenttb mall'~ n<~ or"" wi malttr ofrigbrt wlfnrff< ... ZilH9tlU(l. mim(tranon of all manf ft i"ftifrinS'r nrrona we5/anb t/)e oblir"ing. of tb.m I an!> mOlalt' "muel> 01 iufliCf wfrfiltpbilo[opbere pur 111m frlidti. anl> Meffebn,e /l1>bid)

all art norbi"t In 19( [tgbtof gol>.~~m ie inl"fe maner r/)e illf flif"ill( of cmmone"l [eme"magiolbtmtbtrt on, fel",el(~ me conurfaicte otlltrl[IlJ',n{tf intbm I>J"nlltrea[on: fud)e bol,. per(one b)'b Ibu .. anb tbu6lanl> Ibe»ll'ert I)ol»miltberfolt "fr lim fo Irfe 11>11' , ("alf pl~"feg~!>;butt~e,.I) .. "e non, ~n[n>tr of JY~l>/t~M I~ar I'lcaferb.t'blitW'5 f,'(rigbl.l1>ne6i tbfle ((r'~ 1110Itl ... n>bidJ go!> gil,,' "nlO tb.m/not (o:toin(tiflt:blll to be'" r tribe ,n!> 1'4 "nl ([ b,iftcn 10 Ii)cm lof wbid) ie,",,£; t(f/ifltt" P 4U I (q.)'ingt b~we r~41t"cv I)aoe 4fftcti~ togob,bul not after tflCl\'f legclfoubcy!'Jo aboute 10 ti41>Iiffbel~fl"to", iu/iicclanbal" nor oba.iitfO t~e {u/iic, o:rigbt'l1>e(nc£; t"4tcom'lbofgol>.~b. (4l1fc i6"erdl'/lbale~((I't( 11 maltcajl. «11>4" ~i6(tn>n(,magi "acton ,n'!! rcafonlbcc«nnot pcrefa "tgol>1 an!> "nbeeftoll'!!e tbe "mile «nb power 0 (t/)c blollb off! bliti. ~btrt i6 Ibe rig~fu\)(f~ nee ofwo,rr( ae"fail>t before )w~.tI,ebmi6 a tray./t!)", fele nothll!( tl)daweie (piriluallant> cannol be fulfilleb/but /Tem tbe botrom ofrbe bm.it",rie a filifriel)lewcfnce/ll!benme 1M mei", (IrlliU,lI Ii'om 19' groiib. of Ibe bert .tbi& b4b notber pe" rernor palllirbiel,fe perfectl)': bUI r,.gbeb afrer,.t.it!1~)'ll'el'e (0 farf~lfb blejf.bin If)liffltl)41 rI)t)' biigr~lI (tnl> tbll1/itb 4f<' ler it.p4ul ba'!> ebie fbulf/e I bc(~ftntt'!l 10 tbdal1>e of gob Ilbat il ollGblfe "",be/bill be fo"nll( <ln0/gerlutie in biememb1<6 co trary to thelnfl' 41t'lll>ejire cf !1iemynb( / 4n~l!1trfOIt ctreb out'f"y'ngt: ~~ l1>1et~eb man Ibat " am:wb0j) ... lfoel,,,:e

B

ProlO!l!lf me from t~ia bo~~r of~trb</Ib"nl'j'b< IOBO~ t\1~owe ')e(ue eb<i(r.i!:\1c rigbktOt(nee I~III befO'Zc gob i6 of "c.lu</i9ro bdc~ ,,0 Ib< p,om,r<aofgob/II(tcr Ibe Ic.we 91111) confo"n~eb Ibe con~ (cicnce.2!ewgenli)c rempo,(tff lc.tt'C ofre tymee COl1bCmn(I~. tbavefe 0. mo,~crer IIn'1> btpnsct" "vm roqecution/(o I"M "e fril~ notbinscbcfo,e 9ym bUI prc(cnl~<lhe / ""'ll I~(n cOMlet!) go:>l> rpbill'f /a c""rter from Ibe ep"gc an'1> l>d,ouctb bim· fLy re ll?p~ll?!Jcn 9~f Ic.mc barb broug9tl!Je frn"er into fnoll'ic" geofbim ("Ife /c.nl> bM9 c6fOllnl>l:l> ~ie l confcicncc/<1n~ openel> "nro /Jim l~clt>rMb anb "engec.uncc of go'll/19U1 comelb geo'1> tr~ingf ItbC \ft'agelion (9(1l)Cli) onro !lim 11>' prompfce of go'1> in I!bri/l/c.nb "olllu"c.r ("rift bc.r~ purcbefcl> perllon for bim ":IHalifftell rbe i.lIt'C for bim / anb pea(eb tbe wm" of gob/ ~ll tbe po"re (,nnfr hehon" /IIlnber" ,,-nil r\lanfctp gOll /t9ro" Ulcl!\lriftlant' b"afu\l ollleinro er,,'lligcintt'<1rb io)' <tnb SIC.b nca/forr!>c.r be "lUb tfr~pcll to grw< I1'rali)/fo be", "'g.4un" e</(o fcarfufrc.o'll fo '''tr/aftinge <111ttbc I c.nll!>. hene. forth ia c.n batTIeb 4nb Mburfi4fiermomil1b/n1'cfnfs/rb4r be migbt ~dflft'rbcl¢wc/4nbmOmtI9 eont)'nuall)'eommlllinge bi6l1'f" 4fnte "nto goll inrije bloull ofourc r41liollytbrif"!3cfuf!

fI:~cre (baff"efe compcnbiou(t)' 4nll plc.)'tIl)'(ht Olltl tbt orber 4n~ pr4Cflfc ofe"er)' r"yn"e afore rtburfc~ .

([{bcfauft of allc.m b~lb malle "e ~t)'tte ofr~. ",ge4uee "nil ""'r«l~ of{loll/c.nll "c)'rtf! cf tf(mtl.U~anacicn.3nll ~41h brou" . l1br-oe into ritptit>itte.nll bonb4gunberlbtllCl>)'U.3nllr~ell'" ~~m b:yr; c ","i~ onrclorbe/4nll oure ruler/ollre b«ll/oUr'lfollCmour/~\I g~. "" ro 0

rc prlllCe/yunll oure 110~.3 nil oure ~ie locfell <1n~ foct t« ~ I1cr "nro I~C 11'itPo f rbcbe",fflrbcn COllllt 4n bunbreb Ibol1'~ fanll d)cyneei>tnbc4m4n "nro a poft. Unlo I~e bc"illf Illdlco" (<nllllc/wirl! "fronre btm6/lllir\) <ltPourcmynlle&/wirb 41 0"" re m"gbr/powtr //ir~b Il1'ill anb luff,. IDitb 11' bc.t popftlleb/ ~eall/"/D.nb "munOU6 b~le/b<1r(r~ a man bia ,nem""Wi/b bo,," we~t<1rtm4Iiet ofm"nllcinw<1rll/,.~o:> U'ene), 4nb ",urtbc~ tDirb tt'b<1t "iolen ,,"b r4{1cl)'e 4n~ wirb hol1'c fcrt-tnt/llft< co mm lilt g.lluourrie/fomic4cion/4I1b(ud) Ifre "ncle"n.e" 't'ilb w"at ple<1rure a"~ ~dCCfalicn inI1'4f'l)/~ Ifrll«b 4 £llonon bia brff;®irb Ul~4tbiligere lli«C4"C we:' ~owe bUf)'li (ef. wet bc

l3 ij

9

i£~e t~,ng(6 ~frbij) UlO1I1:d))par fOf lO~r nof 1:>o:>/l~~nrc/0 1 }'It1It1Agi on/i,; abomin4b(( in r~e f,g~tofgol>. 'Ztnl>w( Art Atl it w<r< ,,~ lepc in fo bcp< b'-~"l>ne&/t~al we call ntt!>er « /no, fcf, III W~QI mlf<rYlt~lall>01t1/4nb wICtdyrbne0 nor arr inl tylf'mof,&comf 4nl> tl'Afr 1O&/~b publ.ffI;>< 19t1atre.ro!>m we b •• ru!>e la we tru/" puady,l) I ~owrr~at wrong!)rto 1010' anI> 9onourt gol> Wlt9 4ft' our. firm",9. anl> m,g~1 I fi"orn lb. fowe bottom of toe pm:anl>ourr negpblll"fC"e ouru",mY&)4& oure fdut& in ~ w,arb(" from tpc groiil>,ofl~. bcrl/4nblO bcx)lX>Qat (oclO(r"ob b.bb,tb/4nl> aba.pnr ITom W!,41 foclO(r"ol> fOlbiN)(l~ Iwit!l aif/olOt Anl>mcfnt&/ w9it a f<rome anl> a bnmyn".lullc/ITom l~crnffroft9. bcrl I 1gen br"ynntrf> r!lr con(citnC( 10 ra". agina tbtlAlX>tl<llll> ,,-genii gol>/t::'iO(fC( b. ~it n",erfc greal. a I<mp'fl) i&fo mquict. 3li&not pojfyblcf.:na nalUralfman to ,on~ntto t~tl4lX>( I t~At IJit(bnll> be !Jcol>/o~ 19at!Jol> fpull> be rig~ttw<&/1r9icl/ mafct~ tbe la we. mAl1nC;I lX>ittc/re afonl anl> lIliif/arcfo fali "'url>/rr naylel> anl> cl/eyncl> mlotf>elX>iII oflbe ... <""tr.nrr~cr can tny crcanrrelowfr t~c 1>0l>(tI/(41>( I~e blonl> O((",./i.

£i1liQ(<tIrtQ airbit> i6lbc c"ptiWC4I1l> bon:-agc W9t(t (91i(rl>clYI01el> ,,& I . 5 ~tt !ibmc rcbemrblanl>low(cl> "6. 4?i& bIOUl>/9i& N~/9i& pacicncc/ in

fnffi"yngc r(bufell ,,"l> w10nef 19i& P't'''fr6 anl> f4flrngf I ~i& mcfcn,o AnI> fulfjff"nlf' of rf>c "rmoli I'o"nlt of I~e IAwr / p<~" /(" r~< w1ar~ of ~ob /b1()'I6~u~e (4"'" of Ifob ro \>& Clearncl ob" uvncl>rllar gol> r~IJ[1> 10'" ,,&6>ll1elanl>b. our<far~tr/4l1b 19ar a m<rcpflJfff4r~er/rbannlr(onfvbuourdntlrmit41t& anI> Q)C"

amrtl/anl>lt'i8' If'''. \>6bi& r~ir. agqne( w~icl/ wa&t4frnM Ula,tin tj)rfafi'of{fl>am)to ruff go"ern anl>ftnngl~ "sl Anl> t(> bUAfr Ibe bonbrs of 64ran/Q)~m in _ Wtrr fo (lrqle bo" .mt><.O)~cn(~1iliitlr~uG wvfc ~rl>lanN~e !'Wm 'feG re~ ~eilml>1 'Il>~idJ .tre contc)'lltl> inlbe p~op~tltflin t~e pfalmc&/ Anb in bi"erf pl4C.& 0 f I~( fy\>( boffof mofes:lpen r~e ~trrrf of

_ • t~<m lX>9icl/Arrcltcte Clnl"i)oje/be"in to lX>c1<fofttlanbro mcl" Z~ t'\ •• ~, t.Atttbe boiiteou& Rltrcr of "ol>/anbl'ynbnc&~CU!tbof(91i/i. f.~e~J/'2.t~e SOl "'bi Ibe ","lfclion i6p1CCldJ.M~t fp)'1itcofgob cntrer~ i 10 b,ynstCQ to,,' r9rmw~id)!Job ~ar~ O11>tintl> Clnb apoynrthnro (lernaif I,fe/ love \w:Ktcl2 411" ol'tnct~ 1~(I'einwArb <,C6 / 400 wOtfcr~ fuc!l bdcfcin I"C.

p:olo£t£tt. ro~Ctbc ~ofidlcofciecc£;fd(-:14/ic bo~erwttf 41~igflge byt~ Itrbcrhc of (bli/ii6/1 \Jo~c m(r()'fnU~ Ic~in{!e gob III I!) longiJ (bri/iell pun!)efrnge Anb men'trY lit~tr bijl)'n to lol'( 4g4ynel 4nb 10 (onfen" tot\1d«we of gob / bolt', tbat ~ili!! £!Q)~ I 4n~ oug~1 fo 10 1"/4nbtbatgobie ri{!~ln"tS"'~"~ mdll lt/2lntl btfrrc 10 ful~tft~c1all'tlt"tn as a licfe ma brl1rtr~ 10 be 1»bo~ Ir!anb alt anb~ngrttl I anb a I~irfi Aller morc rig~ttwtfnc61 an~ ./ier mOle /tregt~c Ito fllifitrl~e lawe more pcrfmly.21nb in afrrbar I~frbco/ol omitt anb Iralle "nbone/ rbc)'ftfe jlCbbt5 ~onollrtlanb bill Il'itfwit~ mrtntll/cvtrtOnbemnpnjlubc on~ pcrfccnteof l~trf bettee by tbdawe. . .rnOW( (~ri/i /lonblt!) \1tI inbo!>le attlel4nbferrff~ 116",,0 £~lIi\f:Y!W mantr~ift. 5irll bt isourtrtbtmer/btlrl1mr/rtContllfrJ mtl ~~~~lr~~~~ blaror I intrrrefTor/abl'otallatrllrnty/folidttr/cure bo:>pc/ri)/n" GCl'ttIz an <nli f ortr/l9dbe If'1:oleccicnlbefmbrr l/irtn~b Ibtlr!) I falisfarrionl (ample ~cwc anbfall'acion.Si .. blollb/!lillb,arblaa'tbarbe tl'ttbrtl/ i601l1 10 bt Itow. it rt6.2lnb(~ritt bim !ilfft/wiIV4a'lbal bfi6 orc<lbcol i6 OUtCIl. Go~lr· ~ie bloub ft)rbyn!fe 40ll .ur t~at b< brbl borlj) mt ag jlQ;)})ftr~ Dice/4el~oul1~" m,.rdlfe ~4}) bontil. 3nb gob C46grc41t as be ie)iGm,11C wit~alfr~at ~t barMj)lo""(~rirt an» bi5 purl d)a('"l1t • .r6rcon»<trpl,. il/in' 1!14t lX'e be overcome 1l'i1~ 101 t'e aoll trn':me!!/anb no we ferao bQ;)t~' witJ' of i10t> C I\>~)'d) is aC9ri/fm,"aneenanJrc)~brn bal" w"bri/lc an enramplero tounlcrfetla", r'ir~ cbrill ~im mlfe in 3~on: 3 b4'" gCPfn ,on Anenfamp/c.21 n1) in ancr~rt'I'AngrlJfie/~f fajl~:St r~al1l'il" be grc4tt <tmcngc rOil fb~lb, youre j'trl'aunr Anb mim/ftr I 46 Ihe fOnt ofm5(iito mini/lmlnb nor to be miniffercb ,nlC. 21 nto Pltul faitp: (ollnlrrf<t(!1ri/l. 21nb pmr rail~ : ([brirtNtt>fcl j'afr'~m'<1 ,.oulan~ Irfl"ou.mb mjllmpluo fO/Oll't !liD trtppe!!. U)!141 a,er/) of60~/ r~Cl'cr tl1crfolc f4il9 bMb rmal'e» of go» IblOll' (bri~f blcub anc Cove be~ anl' bclirr)'ngf/lpal fame mufflo"e jOcb oute fDer"lt'~itr/antl trowcr~ t/?r befcoll'c biton onre n,g~bcurf I'nlo t9m protr'tl", ant> r~al ~t~~b~~r':Y6 t!1ollg~lb", br Ollte cncmY6.23e(ltirl1 U'eTtct4Deof eo'b/4nb be 10\lfwel!lcb olll(4ga"nl. 21nb I~ar muff 11'nlQ;) (rei" <lIlrr r~' mfampff of ([~ri/i ll!irb ourt tnr orblr rcfpcctl I fat'e oure negbbcur1lt'tlr9rnl,/"nbntr!1erlofe for re"'<lr1)cinmi) I nrt )'Cit in ~"'m for ourt bebee: but of plIrt IOl'rmu/i 1»e bcfcowf

~ liJ 'n

[be oure(dt)e~latft~at rof bll"e/411~ ~tfr~atU)e ar able to ~/'-"'."

~ trc""e ron: on Ollr( mcm~& to ~r~gf them to rJo~1 confJbfr'l1f1< not!1~g( 11'"";;" tel. butt~tr(tl'elt~/Il&(btifTl>9boure&. ([~lifi ~y~ nolr bi& bebre u<tb 6 t/ 6 ~ 10 obre,ne be,,(n t9rrf>i ( tbat ~~b bene a mabnG) I1C11rn was ~1;.r bv ~bri~ bi6 alrebbylbewll& !>ej?Ter~creof/biltDIl5 bi& been9frilauncc: rtes'purcbefin butb"b tbem frdy fOlollrc (~fes/cofJb<ringenotbinlJ( butoure gm"brb.rfo tx>tlt!>/anbto b:ynge Illc fll"our ~fgol> to I>sagayn< lanl> 1>6 10 r< I~~erb/anb gOb.'216 no natllutl'Conn< thaI i& ~i6 fal~elfbe)'1e/l>Oit~ bi ... fM b°:k~~b/~ b I~trftllill be callCe be 1I>01::'cbf b,yre/19albtis4lrebby be binb : O~;/.~b c~ ~is f.r~er "4,,,e bim rhatyer be tx>a6 bomf/anb i610r"r~ertbar .., .. w< nll!)i" bC C"ulb goowir!> onldl I II1<n be billl(~f' ~4t!> tIlilllo be : but 9f6 ro gOb. of pucr lo",e boerHc t~ar beboft". '2In::' a~e bim w"" "eboftb

my r"ynrJc rbal be bOerb/bc 4n(tt>ertrb:myfalbrrbabe/iti6 my farbrrftt>iII / il pkaf<rb m~ farber. l30nb Itr"auntf tIlorfe for byre/([bilbren for/ol)(. jor I"m falgerroitb aU be bal!> / i6 rbe" rf alrebby.eo boer!> ac~rifirn man (rd" aU Ibat be l>Oelb/Con~ rrbmrb nOl9yngebut I!>eunllofgotl/anb bi&negbbollrf roe/I!) only. :'9f1 li"eebl1ful3boo ~itnorr tt obternt btl',n I"er!>)'; jor t~rn f~lIl~t)' boo It>rongc to tbt bl~Ubof{brifi:{bliflte bloul> ~M9 obt~el> me [\Jar / (hli/i<6 mmnf ba"'t ml1l>tml ~tyr( I~tre of.~e ilS botbbore anb ll'a~erl>CI~er roarb1. lOItr9crr"ot ),loPe for II.n byrr roumein"t",t/lj1rM r\)ty ("all !>a",ctl.'byeb Ii~ "ein lX'tblocft/otbrr r~en a. boom oftpe/iill'C6 c)'f fbe rtptnt) (crlbo.tl"erttl)e I'I'v1>, onuci(er: 15ntfrdr 10 waytc on Il>e e? ",angdion/ anb to ftn., my btothtrll'il9 411/t"c" 46 one I)anbe 9c1pcrbanot~cr/or ont membr~4not"er/btcaufe ontfd<tl)a.n~ olbtrf srcfr/o.nblbe payneofriJconri&rbt plll'ne ofl"c otber. roPM foc"" ilS l>oneto rbe lce/1ofoo ( ro9trber irbqjoob Or bill» it i&bOntlo([bri/1. .2I'nb \",~arfofl>cr i6b~nrro my bro~ r!me ify be 0. c9ri/1rn man )1901(alllt i6bone 10 me. netber bo? lib mybroti),r1 pl1yn, IIrc",mt l(fTc eben "'yne awne. ne? IburciOY(c y Iclf< a t pi .. u>tlr~ tbm at mync, rone. Sf bittl'<? ,·c n~tfo : bott'e (aieb paultlel bim t"ot rdoy(el!> / rcioy(t in r~c l!.oll>.tbat i& 10 (4ye cbri(t/robYd) i6lo~be ooer aU crearure&. YfJII)' II1crmfoblcyneb me 9''''i/or an "j'erroumc Ibm /t"m ~~l> r ","ere in y mrS!>1 «io,l>« b,("be61' LOibl. ([ 0m Ii;' t~(narureofr~( lall'e/anb t"cnatureoft!>r t"agc~

lion.~ot1)tl!>r !L1In>t brnllttb IInll ll;;netb dl mi/lInbt~t I!!,,"~ lion 10wl<lb Ibem agevm.~~d~we g~'t~ before /lInb t~e e"ii~ l!:'o by"ll Iln~ geha folowerb. \l)b," II prcad)cr pread)crbrbeJ!.alX>c / be brn~ lower. lI"b all (onfcicnae/anb ro~ en be prcad)crb tbe <vofpell/bd(>\'C« fceb r~e", IIg",yne.~~ef( rroo fah"eC,mcane Ibel!.,,-wCAnll t~r G3ofpdl)","ctb (JjOll an~"ie preacber 10 beak anll cure frnner" wilb CIlI.i!bc Illwe br,""b oure tbe lIif(4fe/anll maFcrb bit 4pe" re /anll ,&11 fbllrppc(alt>e/anb 4 fTe4tVngccot(rv/anll FrUctl) rbe "eeb ~'lTge/lInll low( ttl> IInll br", wetbtb' [Cree out b, the Nue/ anll All corruption. Jt puUed) fTom 4man rpe tnl/lanll conft· \)ier tbAI be bllrb in bim (lIfe / anb in bie cnewotT1 I meriltfl \)efm,ingfAllberrrmone5. 31 Fillrt~ bim I fentocrb bim 1l0TCnr to bell/Anll br,"gct~ !lim to t'ttrrbe(perAcion/ anb J'l'rpo:.rr~r9 lb. ware oftbe 10tll/ae bitia lX'ryttm of3bon Ibe l:>4pt</l. for bitie nett pofllble I~al iCbti/lf!lulb come 10 a man/ 46rO~ sue ~e rrutlet" in bim(lltfr / orin en, IX>Otlblrt!),nge. 'tben eommet" tl)c \f"4ngdion / a moregmtic pilltlcr I wbvd) fow" pl,tiJ/Anb frollgc:b tI)C'roonllreoft~r confcicnctlAnb bryngelb Qrllb. 31 brrngotbtbr fpyrite of gob I n>~rd, lotlliCI~ I~e bon ~ be& ~ffllt<tn l "nb coplet" "" to gOb an\) bid tIlili IQtOtll Ilrong, fAitb Qnb fcrt'cnt l~"c/\t'ilb bonbre to (iTongt for tbe N"1U/tbt lXIotlb/ orcnr creMurttolowrub(m.:ztnbtbep~t"tQn'll ",rer~ ~ c~nftc ma d)cb rvnncr felet" fo grtAre III((,./Io"r / IInb rynbnre in GobI f<lcrlz rlzr rbM be i& (I,er in ~im f"f, ~otllr tl)M it'~ notl pofllble t!>dt gOll ~o'~r~!l;oo~. fbulb fotfQ~e ~im/or ll>itbbrAlX'e bi6 lIlerc.l' An'll 10t't frolll ~im. in '~i~ (oulc. :ztn~ bolbl, cevrtb 0llttt'it9 paul fJfingc: \))~o fb",ll fcprrAle .tnn in all IrW wfTo t~do"ctoalgoblo"u9 "i5t1)irbllll~b"'tielo fAYC. tt'~QI bulanotlS . fbAU IIlAFcmr beltt>e rbatlloblo"crb mtllNtteb",U nibulaci< a.nn ~~ie,r.1 on'·21nBllvlf~~perfrcution:'6bQllbiillcr.~Afrbnc6:'6bCllla IJ<~ f'~~~ /, fll)(ATbt~ nlly/3l1m fetller r94tna9crbml) / ncrl>,ftlntt~cr ?~l f~tf1.ra~~ lIngcll!ntrberrule/nrrpotller/nct~crprrfrnt 19vngf/ncr lor"" R I~""ng' . !!i'tocomr!nclOcr byr nrriolt'c/ntt9ctfn.l' creAtllre ie 4blc to ft perlite ,,& fro tbel.", of gob w!lid, ie inebti(i 3cfu ollre lo<llr. ~ All fud)nrlbuIAcioneArtb:i/fcn mAn ptrct4uUb 1~41 gob ie ~,e fAtber I Anb lo"ct~ b)'m I e",n 46 be lo"cb ~ !>tift wb'" be ~cb 916 blo"b on !be crolfd'rnllU.I'/4S bcforcta>bi'.I' wile bob 10t~e llc"pllanb bie t'Oill!v w,og!>t aU mancr ,,,,,11 ",,,bUlierc\),, nc&/nolt for btllte rA'n'C~i41 ierl>mU>Arllc.offi'iie/outbc ca u(c

"

([be ~ It'il& !><tr.of ,,<II by by:t!) """ b~nllilgc r~ r!)cl>cl)rll/l.lyl.l y.1 "yll.jor 3coIIIl> none or~(r "'.f< lloo. to\l<o frn ",a& mi n~rurc. \.t:l)tn(o no",' fmce, ilm coplell to go!) b. ll)riltce bl~ul! 11)«> y weli/llNT for 1)<l)iM fa~t:bl/l be caur< " am I)c"" of~cl)<n by grace anll ([ I)rili-l' purcb.f"ngc I anlll)al)e tl)e fpyrir of 9011/3 j)«>g","frtlrl for fo ie m"nacurc.3eag",l! tr'e bryng,r!> (ord;> ""'l> fru«lan" an ,,'rff trt< 'I)ylftnm. .8yr"r frurre f!>"ff". fnome m!)At rl), rree i6. a milnn,e!>,!>ee broarr U>9at I)e i6 1%>it9 in bllt m"Fe 9ilO net!)er gooll ncr bAb 7c.\l)e muti be (irll cl»'11 ),"TOt ll'" <I)ylfla" a t<rpcnrie /'ir/1 po)'f<n<l> yr 1)< po"fcn, tve mufl be ai1'o gooll rcr ",e ~!l'«>ll la6f9< f'yte nlJl(i be firrr bOft V'I' bit ",arm. cny ,!>"ng<. ira" 4n en(ample. 36 t90f< blynt>c ",!lyd) arc curcI> in rl)e cI)4ngdion I COllllt nott fe tyff I£l)ri/1I)"l> £1(1)'" t!lent ~£I"tl 3nl> b'ff coube nott l)e4r. I tV!!' I!:!>rifl "All !l"I)," tl)em !>e4ryngc/2l'nb tbofe ~c~tCoul>enott l>«> (1).b.1I.6 of an u>l)olc mw/lI'fflfl)rifl "al> £I<I)'"t/)<m l).alt9: 60 can nom"nb«>!l'ool> in bisfoulc /,yfflbrifl !)ltl)clowf'" !>im onre ofrl)c bon!>ceoffariil anb 1)4"< g."i !>im wbcrewit9 fO l>«> 9ool>l ,e anl> /'i:Il< b(llle powrcl> inte /Jim tl)(lt (((fe gool) rl)J'IIoe m!>yd) 1)< (bellet!) re.tl) ajtCl'1P4r"C on orl)«. toP4t fo« \1tr i5 ourc 4u>ne ie frnnc. to bar foc"" i& abol)CTb4t I ie \[ bri ; flf£lrf'te/pllrd)e&/l>ornge/anll wo:l'ynge. 8e bOllg"tit of bie f4tl)trt>rrdpUlitb !>i& blou!>/"e witb!>ie mcoli bitterbc"tb ant> oal)( I)i& I"Fe for !>ir. \l)!>4tfoe"cr gcol> r!)Vllgci" in ,,& / r!)ar i"

g(l)en"" frcl~ wil!> ollteour. tlef"I»'ng ormcrcrrffor lC~riflf blou<>1' f:fe.ir~"t ",e tlef,,'. to folow t!>ewiff of go"/iti .. Ipe gyft< of~bllf11' bloll<>. i[~4t "'. nott'e

i):rc tbe l>."vli1' ",illembert \1nro me "'cre Co f4/llocM,/anl> c~utlt norr ~urlo.,e bit) i"

alfo Ibe gy/le of (!).die" blolll>/"nto wbom bdonget!) tbe pu,fe 4nl)

bonome of ollre gootll>(l>c~ I 4nl> nort "nto w.

,4

[br bolus (outtVtttb in tbt nnut i:dlrunrnt.

1 [b("ofpcllof(~pnctmM~tm ~ . ["el1o(pdlof6.mar'e 19.. itbq,ofpcU of6.11uh uq lbc,,~(pd ~(6. 31>0n v lbuctfS oftb. apc~lt,ll)liltm "~6 .JLu~c vi lbc<pillle 01'6. Qaul ro rite Soman6 vii lbe (r~ pilile orS.paul rerbc \forrinlbilln, viij lbe (,conb pilileofS.pllUllo rbe I/:Qrtinlbians ir l[bcpilil<ofe.panlt~ Ibe <l)alar"ian&. r lbe pim" ofS.paul 10 tbe lI:!,be~an,. l·i <rbcpifl!< ofo.panl to rbep!>ilip.pian6 rii itbe pilile of6.p4ull0 Ib< lollo(~4n& riii lb. (,rlipimeo(S.paul \>nro Ib' lef(alo"lan6 riiij lb. ((Conbe pi/ile ofe.paul \>nlo rbe le~illoni4n5 rv i!:~c f,rli pilileofo.Qaulro llmol"t. !vi l",(econbcpime ofS.paulloi[imotb,. xvij [be pime ° F S.paul 10 \!:im.; tvi;; ire pifl/e ofo.paul 'Onro Pbilemon fir lbe ""rli pilile o (5.1)([(r rr {be (ceonbe pift/c of6.pmr rri {be f,rlipWrle of6.3&0" rrij lbefcconbc pi me of6. 3"on rriij cr bUbr,b pi~1< of6.3bon

tbe pilile\>nro Ibe lfblue6 tbe pimeof6.3ame& 1r"c pi (II, of3ube it"t r'\>Clane" of'3bon .

J5

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18

6 .ffiatbnv.

[hr ~ttonbt .c~apttr.

' 9

So.iiij.

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~~«!j~fpdl ~f ,Gt anflX>mb dnt> fdVt>( :ft V6lX>'tuen /m:n ~dll n~ttli"c btu.tviij. only bib,ellbc/l3ut bv ("crywo'l>ct~OttPNf(dbct!> our~f I~< lI1out~ of gob. tI i"btnlb<b<"v[( lcoft!1im "P in t~ I{,< 9~1,(m / anb 1ft !>rm on A prnAdc oflb<femple/An~ f.t)'l> vnl~ ~imwf Ibou bc pial. rc. tbe fount of g~t>/(1l11 r~v f,lt, b~nn<. jO!&ir,,6lX>!)'ttCIII9C ~AII gev< bre> .tngdlj d)~rg( oucrtbt/Anb \l)it~ Iberc &"be6 I!><V '''.tlll1e, t&< vp/t9.tf I~~U t>AfTh< noll tbY fot( IlgAynl1 Ill10nc. 3eflle> fcybe r~ &),m I!lil )'6 wwrrcn .tlfo: t&ou f!>AIt ~tu.\)i. not temptet!>y lo!b<gob. ([l~(l>e"rUtofc &ym vp Ilgayne dnt> lebbc bim in to (In c,~ (cbrngcb"cllloiitArne I Anb fbtlX><b &ym All I~< fyngbomc" of Ibe IX>~:lb</Anl)t!>( beduly of Ib<m/AnbfAyb ""to billl:.tll I!>cfe IX>yll )' gtv< Ibe I yf I!>OU niill tall b~lIn< Anbwolfbip~ p(mc·~9mfAyb 3efue ""to 9ym 1.tlX'yb fAIAn. 50! (,itye ~ . tt>rytr<n/19~u f!>.tIIlX>O,f!>ippc I~)' lotbe gob I anb !>ym onl)'1 CU."9' f/)all I&OU fcrv,. tIi[!>cn I!>' lIevyll I<ft 9im I Anb 10 I!lc Angc[("j' (Am Anb mi~ nlflreb vnto bym. tIW9cn3efu6 91lt> 9ccl>< tbal 3b~n wa6 rolfen I 9<b<pAr" teb in 10 g.tlil</ IlMlI /cft M.t3Amb/Anb trent .tnt> bwcllc in (~ pernAii/robyd) )'Mcctc "ppon lb. fccl int9tcotl1 of 3Abulon (tIlb n'ptalim 110 ful(v1l 19Ar ll'brd) ll'a6 fpofm bc 3fav 19< prop9<t/li1ying<:'9c I~nbc of3"bulon anb ncpr.tlim/ Ibc trM j" of Ib< fcc bt,onb io:b4n/g4lilc of Ibrgmlyl6 I 1ge peopl, "'9y4' faIt in b<rcfne6!fAwe gr,al lyGt!>/:l!nb tot9<111 W9id) f.tllin I~,rcgi~n anl> f~~botll( ofbctt~ lygl9 ie fp,ong •. tI Sr~m Iboll rymc 3<rU6 b<g~n co pUIld)</anb to f~rt : R,,, p"'l/f~rt~e ~VII!l'el>om of~e"m 96 ~t 90nb •• tI~" ").fI,,, w41~<., bv I&t ftt ~f 9AIiI<! beflltl'e 111'0 burb!tn. 'l..c"ar.i 6pnon wbyd) W~6 c~lI<b peter/allb '2inb1<w ~r6 brotl1trl c"fivng'll nerr in 10 c9,ret e/fo, tb..9' t\'(r< fyfT~<r6) Ilob 11< fol)'l> "ncoI9<111 / fJI~w< m, {Ilnb J tIlyll m~~c you (pfT"<1£; of m<ll. :1!lIb tb'y flri)'gl1r WAV' lift< tl1m nmf I~nbfol~u>,b 9ym.

([Zlnb ~t tIlmt fOU9C from t~rnc. I:nb falX>c orber troo br<~ t~r," /J~m ... t~< fOil"' of Jtbtb</ "lib 3~on~i6 blot~cr in

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'4

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[9cgofpdl ([:\,c 94U' ~<rbC90ll" iri6 f4ibc:tl,ou fbalt loue tl)YlIe mgb< bour/~/ll>9Mtr9rnc (/I(lIIy. l3Uty faye "ntorou/loue rOllr. ,nellli<<,.l3Icjf< tlJellll~atcurff< YOII • 900 g<'Ob to rgelll rbAI bale YOII/p,av<forrl)clII wbi.:b b<'O )'on 'll'tongc/anb pnf(clJ ft ,ou/I~al Y< lIIare be Ibe d)ylb:cn of youre bel)(nly fAl9t1': fo: be lIIafCI~!)i6 fUMe to aryfe Ion Ib<.ule/illlb onl!)e g~1 4nb ftllbub ~i& reyne on I\>dufle 'Illb on Ibe onillfle. 50: if,t f9411 (0'" IbCIII/t'Dl)id) lou. you:robalr<roArbtfball ,e bu

... ~ubli(RnO (JaM ,,ctBcol101 Ib'" pllblica6.vcnfoa/nbifl'e befrlbl, to ,0114 l>rel> rcnrttl/ roll! r~ bl(r91< only:rob4Ifingul<rrbrng. bcorc-:9<'Ol1onr9' pll< nollu'".n tr,bute . • Yt n. II ~ ~ b .... I - . lort!ztromonon bl1C4116 (V,e t'Dv.let". , ... 4 'yer,or< e p<"CCf( (II. a6YOlire \'I'm comily /;><1" l)evcnl, farbert6 perfecte. l1(n men tQn vn',.

~:~;:;:.rc~ofr?t ~btO~ <Cbilpttt

IIJtkt btbt ro vottrt almt9. tb: ~ .• t\, . . . UI" . a'V'(leu"r nOllln!). fvOptof men/ror bc II1ftn,

-- tbat,.t'Do(l><b,rencoft9<1II. IDrdl19< gctt/lo rcro<trbcof youre f<tlber in geucn.tv!)t11 fo(u<nb.rfor. Ibou Of",fllbyn. allllee/lboll fbah nol lII<tfea fTOlllpctlo b.bl¢<' U'(II beforttbe I ae IPC )'po,rylrf boin lb. fpnag0g11 anb in rb' f1rctf /for ro bcprayf<b of lIIi. "<ryly '3f<ty Ul1to rou/lbc" ba"'t!;t,rcrm>atbe.l3l1tw9ilbollbocfi rbyncallll(6/lclrnol IIJy l,,(re bOb mowe/t'Dbar tby rigbt bonb bot9/r9aft!)yne 4~ m<u IIIAve be I<crCl(/A"l>t"rfat~(r'lX'~icj) f(itll ifrmtt/l9All rcw~rbe t~( openl". ([:z( nbw~," 190U prAl'.fi/t~OIl(~Alt nott bl A6 tb< .l'pocrrt" tf ar(.5~rr~ry lou<tofion~illlb prA,,(int~efrnAgoggf/anb in rOI'/l<r.0 ofr~cfirttf IbccAllfr t~e"t'Dolbt be (tne ofmi. "c" r<lf 3 (ot", "nto "out~<" ~au<t!>er< rtwarb •• l3utwl)i t~O\I prart/l/mrr.intotbi d)anrbcr/anbf!>lItt I~ibore 10 t~c I i\nb pr"fi to tbi fat!>er m!>ici),,6in (emte: anbt~i fat!>rr w!>ici)

~ 'lRnvnrOt. rcit~ in ferrcte/f/Jall .. rell'arl>clbcoprnl". tc fl!nllllott~ykq ([13ut ",~cn,,( pr<lye/babblc normoci)el a& t~t gwtVle bo: nc/~.t OUrt Otl>q for tbCY t~inft t!lat t!>t)' fl1"lbe !>trbt/foz t!>crt mo4le bi\b1

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6. (.1lat~tlt'. S~.l'q,

hi r.."" I. ~ r. ~ S ~"t9 lIeftrru"i m¥ ),ngf IArt. ""I tWOI »rcty(m fyere I O~f. 01 "Olll'~ I Mylr V"g of goll as Ala Fnowel~ w!Jerof»e ~al'( nCAlIt / bc fort 'ure of~im .21fl,r bOlll'ar ~e(cnlt!!l (9»6mAnerl9creforeprAy<»e. QY9I)yrt.1'OIQII

.lnc. p. tr4) ourcfal~el'/ro~id) Arrin 9tl)(n bAI=ebbel9Y l1ame. goot> r~rnge9rO'l i!.ttt\lY fyngbom comc. [by wyll be fulfllleb / afwdl ill crtb/ me of elle boun,tel,!

~ . , " "" " , ... 1 b ...." u(ne6 1 hbtrohrel a& yll y& In ytl'cn.",tl'( l'& lyl&vA»C Ollr( bay y lCave ... nb mtrCYI{>,omr(c91 fOl~cl'e 1'00llrC treMpafc0 / cllen A& roe fOlgcl'c 19cm wbyd) nrewe~ ofgot>b( trcarpa& 1'0 • .lcbc l'& notC ill 10 wnpe<1Cion . bill bc/YllrC"De IQe t>.f,rni"sc of !TomYl'dl!2tmen.jot Anb yf yc (9all fOl!lcIlC olbmncn Ib(~ £~~iftfblout> 011'

~QeQ. rctreAfpAfe&/youre farbcriIl9(t1~(9allalfofotgclle ),QII.liur but Iq~6 a IItO"tr J.iii. . Anb YCll'iR norrfo~Ct1( mcn Ibere trcAfpAfc6/nO more f~a"/ (:;~(~;sl~~~ru;,~ mar.,:t. ),ollrcfArbcrfNgel't ),onrc trtAfpAfe& goi"g was wcll

C[morco"rt w~cn yc fAttc/be nOI fAb aM!,!c )'pocr)'ttf art. rnl>9rt>tt» "n/o 501' I~)'bifiigurc 1gere fact&/1~4! 9illlJ)'gblappm "nlo me Qi e~ne Q~Q bill IbAI t9cyfAtlC. tJml)' y fAY "moyon/e!)c»bAlle l\lmrtroar" fcre ~onlr /~'n p~;~ bc.liurr\lou robe t~OIl fatletl/annoymuby"e ~ccb/anbroa~ ~~~n~6 0 0

\Ie eb" face / I\lat It appere nOI mlO men !>oroe I!,!M tbou f~11ell, bllt'()ntol\l1fMbtr robi¢)'f> in frerere: Anti l.J>r fAt~(r lX>!,!id) fc}·tl> in ftcrft(/f9~11 re roArbe t~e open I) •.

, " cr:(J)~bbrc nOI Irc~fure to (1ct~cr on crll> / 11'9m ruttc anb 1Lu. ,til. m~I~I~C& COITUPtf / antll1'pmlbe"cf> brcafcrbrougl> anb

flea/c.liuIgab~re ycrrcaftlre 10gyNlrt in!,!el'tn / w~trrne" .. Srng1t. I\>errutle/ncr 1tt mOI!1tge&cOrruptt:anb ro~trClbe"e6 nc~ .1!:'Qe eye (s({lIgl, t\>er breafe "ppe/ntr1el/leAIt. 501' l1'~mfoe,()'I')'ourc tre~ ~Q<n Q mO"kl.~ Afure ,,&/tbcArc Arc ),ourc hrrrt1 .lifo .,IS t>Ct>C6 Ie ,Cf.,

JL ' 61';0. I' l. f b b'" . b Wool. f 'f ~ burr on rile Wit 0' UC.~I''IL_ye IgyrO t )' ovYIOI ynetye ...... ,,(fc oru tl'Y"uy' got>ltlektCQ"ecr be .. 6,"gle/4111\>" boby to full of Ilg~1 .:8UI anb yfthyne crc for IQulltlQonollr bc Q)>cfeb/tbcn iJlAIl19Y bo~by fnllofbcrcfnc6. tDbreforc elfn(ot9trrewcr yf 19t Iig~t 194t 16 in 19c be bercFnc&,\>oroegrc4Ic 1ol!>at t>e{~ e~18,webIlD.t bercfnt&" not.,tt Q,cry c,,,

• (n I)."cn o •• ~rer 1Lu.):\'(; tr~o m4nC4n Itr,,(fttlO m41,ere. Sorol!,!cr ~cf9all!>Attt~( reume iQ.~r,,"eo

onc/ .lnblollc ,bcolber: or<l& benJAllltnttoe\>c onc / .lnb Qi6 t>etlcs, but btfpir(l~410tber.J?tc4nnoltfcfl>c gobanb mamon. [bm ccr<pe~rIIl QC"<1I forc), fAytllnloyou/brnorC4rt!ilfl for)'ourtlyfcw~ar ,efball .6 b~QLg Plrc~.1,! care/ orro!>atycf\lallbryncfc/ noryetforyourcbobb,/wbAt (~~ ~!;"Ib ~ o~

- t1. l. l. ..... / 11". ~ ~OI 1' 'lu, Pi, r"J'mcIYt".411 rot4re. :Y&nocrbtlyfe morClX>orty Iyen me ... kerl;> frely fOlio? alr-anblbe bobby moar, of "Alue I~cn raymfntt :8cbo\be Te9 (Qke onl,.

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your< pitr/t,; btfort-l{t'OJ'T1c/leti t~cy IrcAbc l~tIf1!)lIbert~c" art rI1c 'II>"Ollle of ir (,tc I ant> Ibc ol~er lume agarne 4nb4ff 10 rml 'Iou. got>!CQ.trancnll~

1L ' . . a fi ceQ all eQ.ns,S. u. ",.: 1I:.1'1·~ Alit> ~'I fba/be Oe"'l1 YOII: v<f, anD vc f~4f1 vn'bel 0o!lSf/.rctl)t 11

laco; .•. fnoef, 4nl> il f~alb,optnc'b "nto vou. Sorwbofoc!)er 4.rtt~ ("ulers of Ille 1'U .llq. r«<a!)el~ 1 allb~ct~atf,fcrH)'nl>(!~ l allblo~im 1~«lrnoc< 'O'olOe. I.,

f"~ I it 1941b, Optn'b ;9G Ib,r, tnV man « monge)'OlI tIl~id) ... .swrne/.r~t'1 wolbe proffer ~io fonn, a tione if~e aFt1> ~vm br,eb~ or if~e ~:~~~~~(i,l;f: aFebfv~c/tllolbc~e profferbim 4 frrpenl; ;9f )'el~," t'O~id) ftc 1 b,(piCC iQe artfl>lc/can (le!)c to )'Ollr< d)yll>rm gall> g)'tl,o:~owe mod)e WOllle

~ . morrf!)all )'ourrfMbel'/ tIl~)'.d) io in 9tl>'1 grl)( gooll t~inlff I 1Lu. ~ •. 10 t~tm t9al aFe of~)'m;

tr([~rrfort tl'941 fOfI)« yc \I)o/bc t~al m," ~ult>t bOlo )'011 1 "'tII fo 'bo Y' to t~cm. [~)'(l ie t!>e 14U'Jc an'b Ille pro~ pbmf. .

l!..U·Fiij. trllnlr, ill alt Ibc /lrairc yMt: for tIl)'be i,; I~C yate / an'b broabc )'0 tbr ma)'c I~at leaDclb 10 bc/lrllccion: anb man), I~trtbe / wbyd) goinl~m at. Sor ti"4irc i6t~e vate I an!! l1ar1l)<i6Ibct'Oaie/ tll~id) leabcr~!)"tolifc: an\) fCAwe rj,c~ rc b'/l~alfvnbrill.

mar.l1iij tr!3c t'OAre of falec proP9tftf/ w9id) comtto ),011/ in fb'" i"' "9, p'G clol~ynge I bill illll?Arl>ly I~ry arc ra",nYI1Oc wolllee. u. v.. :9t~«lt motllr tpcm b)'l~crcfrurc>}. 90 10m gabbre grM

ptO of Ibornt&~orfegg1 ofbrym6:'\f "'"fo ell"), goo1> trccl br)'ngtlb forrb ga>'b frllte.!3111 a corruptt trcc/brin(lcrb for" r~cc!)}'(( frult . :z! ga>'b tret cAnnotbringe forr~ bat>befrlltc: mr)'tf Aba1>be I<c((an bringc fO"~f(la>'bfrute . lEuer,r"tl I~At blingflb notforrj)ga>'b frurc/f}albe ~CIl?mbou"'tJ4nb rAil in 10 I~e fvr(.\1)~erfort 'by tbere (rule» 1t OAf( tl1()'Q)t Ibcrn. ~otl Alllber I~at fa)l(I)"to lIIe/mallcr/IIIAtier /19411 (nIt( in 10 Ij)t fJ'T1gbOIll of btl>en: .l3l1t be IbAI (ulfil(elb tn)' fAt~1'6 w)'!1 w~vd) i& in be!)en. ~nany w,,1 fA)'e .10 me in IbM bAyt 11II4ti,,/mAllcr I ~al>t we nOI in t~)' mu"( propbffytb1allb ,n tbvnAmc bAlle wtnorrcatiout ~e!)"U1: Allb in Iby nallle bAlle t'Ot norr bOllt many tnyraelee ~ .:?lnb tben t'Oyll 3 fnow/eggt llnlO I~frn! Ibat:) ntllerfn,,,, Wt I~em .~fpArt( from mt!ye WOlfert! of iniquile.

zuas (OUlt b~ 2'1>.,. i . l!..ur. 'I) .

mn,fr,o""""11I0Ilnr~,,", I mod}( pcopfc(o, cii 41(pt'( /4nl> roor,

f~,n9(:fnd/tcr/ift~ou \\"It/r~cu b;( purt forr~(bti; boob

imelli<ltl, by5 "nlohi .... fo'\, Ibou r,lIno

e. ~1h~. So.i;. (omt/ anb bf comctl):antl to m,(m'4I1ntltlot~it>/4nb ~e bo~ Ib bit.ro~tn3c(ile ~CTtlcrbef«(arJJltl':.G( marw),l,b I anll (aib tot~cm t~arfolo",ell ~im:l)mlv 3 fc)' tll1ro "oul3~a"e nott foiitle fogrcarfa},rl):no/not i vfradL 3 fot)' r~fr(fot"( mto you I t~at JlJ4I1V (1)411 come from r~fff/i anb trft/i I 4nb (bAli rcfiwnb 2/bra~(\,"/~faacl Anll3acob I in rl>< t1'1llt~m of ~eucn:anll Ibe d)illl:< ofr~c fmgtlNn f!lalbe c4/i out Ulto tl>< ~tm\X)1i b,rfnce I tlJuefl)albtwepigc Anll gnaffj)ingof tft~c. l"~tn 3ffi"~ fa)'ll "nto t~e I:J( <nnlrionl go t~l WAve 14nll4G r~ou bAli btle"e'b fobe it"ntot~e.2/n~ ~ie fcr"aiitWAG ~tM Oot:mtun'on. ItN~Atfame ~our'. :J9A~Q"rarncofa"

:ti!lar.i ([2/nt'> 3efue ",entintopftcreboll(fclanbf4mcbie "')'wo ~.;,mt~~ bc.iiij mot~erlrin!lcjicreofa fel>1f I Antl~e roud),b berbanbel Mb oJVbZfoulzcmco~

t~e f<l"t Iffli ~cr:Anb f\lC 4rofel Anb mini/ireb "litO t~cm. parte lin "lIIlcrcap9 ([ro~tntbCC"m"'4e come tbe» b:ougbt mto !lim man, ta,Df t~atrom po(fcffeb ",it\)bct>),II'j'/Anbbcc4/i out tl>< fpiritee "'it~a ",orbe/anb bealct'> all t~At wmflcre/to fulfill r~atwlY-

.r~r:liii id}",ae fprofmb), \Efa)' rb<propbctfaing<: ~ttofc on \lim lu(.(r Ollre infirm»rce/4nll b4re oure ficfne(fce.

(l ro~cn 3efile f4we mod}c peoplc abOll1 biml ~e comm4l1n:: bib to !1o oX>trrl><tt'atCT.2/nb tbcrc(Am 4 (criOcMb (4»b m~ tol)int: malin I 3woUfo/omct~( mbytb<r(lImme,," t~OIJ gotli. 2/nt'> 3ejile f411> mtobim:tl>c fo}:ce ~aw \loltol Mll ~e br,bbi' oft~e Aicr ~"e ne/ieol blltt~e fonncoftb< mM ~at'" not "'bere en to levcb»6 ~c<lll 2/nol~rct~Mw4e Qn, of\1re bif<ipl(~ feyb "nto ""m: nJ~/ier fUffre JIll fyrfi:t to go 4nb .. bury< m,f~llr. ·13ut3<fuofalb "nlO ~im ~ folotr< mel 4nll let tbe bccbbur,. t~flrll«b. ... buric

~C)ar. ~~fnb~( entreb i 10 a/lwpp</41t:1 ~ie 'bifCjplee foloml'b \lim/ 90mcp.ctcnl> seer luc. ~iij :!Inb 10t~ttC arofe 4 greAtc l1ont1e m rbc fce/in fomod)e Itbat l>~ ",crkd,.cQU(c

tbe ~»~pew40 j»>bttlitb wa"cel Anb~lmClOan(p(. 2/n'b ~~;I~~ ~ot~~~ ~I~ blf"plce cam ~nto biml anb4mO(f(~iml (a,ingt: nJA" lI(: but lQI,iQC(ig1 I1cr/fCl'" 1>61_ ptnf~c. :3'nll befAib "oto Ibem: U>!»' 4rc»e nif(ttll/ tl]at rur~ f<~rfuli/o ,e cnbcweb wilj)l"td f4ir~c ~ ~cn \le 4Nfe I Anll ",emf arc beet> anb rebufcb I!>c tl'j>nb'j' anblbe fee 14nll rberc rolomell 4 greatt looQ. C4Inl<.41nb men m4rl>cyllcb Anb f4ill:m~4t m4n ie l~i61lbAt bot~c U>lnbf Anb fcccbc, ~i",~

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2!l)in o't. WIlIl "ptrn~u,".

l'~e cUofpcU of fI 21nl> W~' ~c ""~6 (omtto t~t ot~trf,be/intot~e(oiitrt of .. ar.~i: t!>e grcg,(cne1/d)crc mer ~im m>0 polfcffcb o~curllf /W~rd7l.· .9"1. c~m out of t~e gr~oc6/Anb u>ere out of meAfurt f'rtcel fo tPAt no mAn mYIl~tllo by tb~t wA)'e. 2!nblor~t)' ery,bollrtilyruo Il<; q) .qiJ t~tfonne of Ilob/W~~r ~"l>CU>t to bo witb tge~art t~ou come b)'t9trtorormit ~befortt9t t)'mebccom'~{9(~ f( WAG A IlcobU>Aye offTom t~em A greaft 9ccrb oflWynt f« binlft. ~~tnt~tbt""lfbtfoll!fbt9Jm fA)'ngt: ift~ou eAthe cur I fuffrc 05 to go CDrt U>A)'e into d)t 9ccrb cf fttl)'ne. 2!nb be f~ib ""to t9cm:go )'OUrt WAYC!!. ~~tn u>tnuge,. cut I ~nb btpArttbinto~ttrbOffwynt. 2!nb 10 / allt9c\)mbofjrorne lX'Ae (Al')'tb 1l'it~ oiolret ~tblinlfe ito tbt f«/'lpmlf~cb in ryt IX'Attr.~"i tbc9cerbmi/flccb ~ U>CttbcrtU>A),6 ito t~e cite/': tolb«_)'t9ingc/AnbwbAt~Abfo:t\lncb= t~' t~MlX'e" repolfelfcb oft~ebt""It'j'. 2!nb 10/Alltbt circelt out IAnb met 3tfu6.2!nbw~t~tYfA"'t 9imt~e)' bcfoulf9t9im/to bcp4r~ te olltoft~ccceoflt1.

irhri~.rupttr .

fib ht tutrtb into tht fhippt: ~ . .. Anb pAt'f<b owr Anb CAm in to bie All'II' eire.2!nt> 1."". ~ 10 / t!lcy inoug9tPlltO "im A",An lIefe of tbe pal_ (cl'f/yingtin!>i6beb. 21nb "'9tn3. fu6fAroc t"c~

rc f ... tll/befAib tod)ejCefc Oftge p4lf.,.: fonnc be ofgco!> e9tf re/tbYlinnt6 Arc fOI)'cocn d)e. 2!nb/oceruynt oftbc ferib(6 f.:.bin rbem fdot61 bt bl"fprmtt~.2!nb U>9e3efue f"ro t t~." rc r901l!l~rc6/b( fA)'b:ll'l)crforet~inft ,((o),U in ),Ollr< butf t'j':1.'D9trl),rY6tf)'ccto fAye/tbif)'nne6Ar fO:)'tl'Cn 19t/or to fA)'c:A ryfcAnbw4Ifa9At )'tmA)'t mOll't Itb4!t9c fcn", of mAn 9Atl)< poa><rIO fo:y.l>C f),fi.e intrd)/t~ifAib bemtNi)t (i .. Ft~f fll' pAlt<y: ar)'ft l t4ft ,,!,pt tbi beb / Anb gobo,", to t~ynt boulTc .21nb ~t 4rot< ant> btpartcb to ~iel)outfc. ~~e pcopr' tbat fAroc ~it I ",Aroeyfltb "nb grQrif\cb gob / ro~idJ I)~t> !ltVtll (udJt pown to IOtn.

3,

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90.,c. ne !PI'rilt61 10 caflt~cm OUII an~ to~e"lt 4n Hl4nntr offid::: ntffe& I 4n~ 411 mannerof~ireafte.

Xu.1'i. cr£~e n4mc&oftbc rij.4pof/le6 are t~ef(. ~ firfl 6imon n>~icl, ie calleb p(Ier:anll2tnbrtn>t ~ie brol~r. 3ame&~ fonne of~(bebelan~ 3b3 "i&brot~cr.p!>il!ipjlc 4nb &1IC$ mrn>t.£bOm4& 4nb \'l1At~eUlt!>c publicAn.34mee"'" foiic of alp"e anbJ!.ebbtu&/ot~el'1l'ifc ,al/,b ~~abbcu&.6imon of ,"ane/anb 3uba& ifc4riot!>/n>!>icl, 41fo berraycb !>im.

'!!.II iT cr£efe,rij.fcnt3'fu&/Anb commAunbeb t~cm fA}'n!!c. <500 . . nottin to t!>e waye& I"At [cabao tbc!!cntyl& / Anbin totll«

citt6 oft~e famcritAn6 tntre ),enott: 13ur!!o rMllwcnro til« lcof/fl/cpc ofllle ~ollffe ofifra!>d. 03c0 anb prcAd}c fa,,"!!c: 1I0f w( t!>e I'ynobom ofbe\?C11 y& Attpon1)c.,Be41c t~(~,f(/clt"" fc t", 1)'ptr&/ rt)'(C t",b,(1)/(4f} out Ibc bc""ll1. 5rdY~!>M I'CfeccA\?cb/ frdy O'I'e AjJeynt. pofft& nOlI golbe Inor fy[" bt!'onoer12detco \?tr/ner",r brafft in youre jJer~lc61 nor ytt feryppc ton>Ar~1 menly rflty 11111>< a( ),oure iornt),. rietb" tulo (oMf I ntt!>erflJllt& I nor yer A Wtllb'.(fn moneft robbe:50r tbe n>or,fman j'&n>ort!>v to !>ave!>,1>& Imace. 3n lIS of so\\)( 1 (tlv". 10 w"at tilmmcl?ercitc lor toune )',f9allcom, I inqu)'rt n>"o i6 wort", in it I anbl"m abybuvll ye go (rom t"tnCt.

7Luc.,r. cr2tnb n>l)e Vt comc in to a!>ouffc jJrtte t~fame. 2tnb )'ft~t "ouff ben>ort"ylyoIiN peaccfllAU comc \?PPO r"c famc.13l1t (fIt b, nottn>orr~"/)'our<p'Mcf"allretllnlc tOVOU 4gA)'IIC. 2Cnb n>~fo(\?cr f~An norr r(c(A"c)'ou/norn>yll~tAr( ),our( prt~ing,/ n>"m )" bepArrc out of t"at "ouffe/or t"At citc/ f!>Afc of t"e .. bolie of "ollre fm. £rul)')' fay, ..,nto )'011 / "it 1tt.~:~: t12u « f\>albe eaf)'tr fort"c lonbe of 5Qboma/Anb gommorra lin t!>, t.ke n'o: '12£n6' ~f b4ye oflUb!ltmcnt/t~cm for t~4r erre. t~;/in (0 mO'flrtl19 fIl!.oly j(nbt )'ou fon~/a6f!lcpc a monge n>Oh)(fo.13t)'( t~er" IIr f' fl10k, of t~e fore wyfe 4& (erpmttfl Anb innoctnt a& 1)01>e6. 13c wart of \'trr Dulle From fof milforr~'»fbAUbd"..,reyolI"'pp( ror~e counf4illf / anb f"411 ur~ (~i~k'::~!r~~ fcl,oul1lc VOu in tbm fyn4g0l19f. 2nb ,C f,,~lbc b20u9~t to ~e ~'(O{l12t noqot,; tbt bttb ru'ere Aub f,nll1 for myf~ff/in n>itn,6(O t~tm anb lue awne p,olfit: to tl)e gcnryl~. burr~m Ilclt~ ([ 13ut n>~en tbey PUt )'OU "P IAft no r~ouO~I / ~n>( 101'

tl>~Ar ,e r!laU(p'4fc If 02 it (!)alb, gell)'ll)'Ou ,..,tn int~At fAme ~urt/Ul~41)'t f9AUfa)' •• 5~r it i6 nortye t9AtfpcAft I~ilrt~e

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lbt (!)ofpt!l.of (piritl ofVOllt't fM~tr wo)'d) fpraftl!Ji"vcn. ir!Jtbrotbtr r!J.1l btlri\y<l~( bl0t~tr 10 bt,t~'lanb 19' fMl),r lI)c fonnt. ~nblb. ci)yll>r." (~all aryfc agtyn/ilbtrt fal"t~ I anI> mo, 19,re/Jnb (ball 1'011 t\ltm 10 betl"lanb ye r!J.lbt bMcllojf .11 n""/ formYllamr.l3ulw~ofCt"r .. rl)"ll conl)'tlU( ~nto tbr <nb'/fbalbe fa",I>. cr\l)"tIIt~cypcrftclltc )'OU in roonc citc I lI),r into anotb... ~

1< fynllQt. 310U ,Oil lOt· a triUl" I)'e (l)al! nClt. f)'tl,fi9r all tl)t cite60fJJ, ii.rv :lO;>.1 ye / f' 0)1t\1 ifrabcl/lyll 19c lorme of man baomt.i(1), birdpl, y6 nott a. nott i;!nllfCovcrrrb bo~t bi&m./icr; ~or,,{tlb, ftrl)~uIlI abo!)e bi"lo,I> •• 3t i6 01 ptCllei?el>. vnouob fort", bi(cipltto b, a6 ~y6 ma/icrytl l anb t9al Ibc

fe...,"nnl b, a6 9i"lor!>, ),G. :rfl!Jcy ~.l'((.lIc" Il)dorbe olf Ibc boufTe btd;t bub; bowe mod)e morc r!Ja1i tl)c)' call19,m ofbie bou(!1¢1t1t fo~ fcaret!>.m nolt t9m forr. t[ll)mi6no tbingcfodofc/lbal (ballnatt beopellllcb l anb florbin{!c fo bibl Ibal fball nott be mom",. t[\l)~(lI3 tdl you ibmfn,,,/t"al fp,arc),t i Iygbt.antl "'bat 'c !>c ... ill t!lt car< Ibal pltad)e y. on tbe boniTe loppce.

~Atys tor<y Opl, t[</Ilb (tart )'t nOlI Ibem robid) f)'11 Ibtbotl), I anbbe nNt ~.y~~;~i;:r:.l)err .blt 10 frlll!>e foule.13l1t ,at~tr ft~r< bim / \'Obi<l} i" ablt to

;)e(lrope botbe fouleanl) bolly in bell . .2(re nottroo fparowe~ f~ltle for a f.rrbirtgct :lint> "one cf d) CIt 1 bOI~t Iygbr on tbe {!rOllnlle/roitb CUt your<fM~CI·. :!fnb nowt arc <lUt!)t b""1 of yotlre bccllnllmbrt". 5 •• rc )'< "or r~erforc.v( .re of lIle_ re "alllc/tben many fp.rrorot6. ..' t[tt)~o fotl)" r~'rfore rnoU'l<gclb ntc b<for< mfll/~im wyff~~;~~:~ : :3 fnowle{!{!e btfore myf.lbcrin b<I)'.l3m ro~ofotl)er fball bm\'e me bcfore menll)im lX'ill 3 alfo ben)'e before III)' fall)" tl'1)i<l})'6 in ~<I)trt. t[l9ynf nott/r~at)' am comct~ fmbt p(4Ctin 10 1getrtb. l!uc.rij :3 cam 110ttro fenb pr.ee I bUlafwearbt. 50r)' antcomtro (crta man Mtl)<lr),4nncc ag<),n(l bi6f4tbtr l anbl9< bOllgl1~ rrr agtynfrb<r mor"'r l anb tbe llou{!!JtmI4wf ageirt/i ~(r motbrrd.roc:21n'll a manne6fa><6 f941be Ilbe)' ofbi6 orone 1)ou(l,olbt. . 1!. .... I[ Be Ib4r lo"ilbbiofatbtr lor mClb'rmortl~(nm( 1),6 nclt u.rnq worll/rof 1I1<.21/1b 9Cfb4r looerbbio fOiie/or'llonc!Jbtcr mo~

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~~e <Vofpdl of t:3 tdT.. binl!~I)( tl)lItV&rJlefft in t~t fyn(lbom offl)('()wlv6 !fretter lu.J,i.

l[.QatiB .i.ClzUlk. tl)enbe.Srom tbtt)'me of3bobaptif}l)jtl)trto It~( fvnSbo' me ofl)(,,(/I ftlffrtt~-I< "J'o!ence/~lIb rbtV tl)Cot m~fe I>VOlmct

. pullul) it to t~tm. Sor ~II tr,eplopr,ct1/ anb t~< (<lUlt pro~ -I< 1;holt'!cr< .• . M pr,tfvcb I>ntO 11)' Iyme of3"on. 21lfo vf yt w)'l/rrct<lI>C it/~·ijt~.

w~'n t~"o (\cc~.. .. IlL .",,,, I'" a. .. .. .. .. . "'t«nail' so(pt! 1"),6),6,,e.y<l" ro'J'"~ I"U vC co.m. "(.>u"Cot,,<lt,,e tart61~ar. riley tl/mlte in nO'l l)t4re wl)lII) 411/l<ttl),"1 b'4rc. l.t. tIIrns<canlet~tII1 ([13utw\lcarc "nto (1).t1l3 Iyfen tl)i6 j$mcr4cinot it J'llly~~iJla .

:Jro \fpblar~ i~ to raft a lIIan ,n t~. t·tlz •.

fc 0010 d)ylbrifml)ici)fyt i I!><tnarf<tt/-rc<lll "ntotl)erc fdO" 111. .. wellI1f<lYc:wc b<ll>tp)'pcb "nlo VOu/1J'tI)CI'" nott b<lfif<b/lllf Uf.'~ I)CI"C momcb ,,"10 you! .tnb Vt 1)4"'; nonfotOw,b. 50r31)0n ca/ ",1~treClI),"ge nor b1vnfynge / ul)cy (4)'t/l)el>cul) Ibe bf. "Vll.~1)c foiie of mii ca t~rJ'ng( anb bljn"'n(l'/~nbll)ty f~v'/ b,l)oIbe <l gluIIon/,\IIb a brvnfer of rovne/ anb 4 frenbt 1>1110 publicotnll/4nb fynmre.21nb It'),j"bomc )'6 iUllifieb of~

:&~~~~a I)etol'pbr4yblbt ciUll/i 11)( w9id)e llleo/lc Ofl)V6 luf.J.

m,r<lclee wtrbonc/becauf< tbe)' lI)'b nOltrepir. roo be to~ cl)ora{i.tl)obt to tl>t bel~)'ba/fol yft!), mYlotcle6wbid)UlC< re fI)(\l)eb ivou/ I)ab bcnebonei lyre anb in fybO:tbcy roolbt i)CI"er'p"eb loge "gone i (<<cfeclotl)/Clnb i a®cG.l>!cl>Crl~" kjf'9fave"nro you/it(1)alb.eotf"cr for t)'rt 1 ("bO/ attbebay! of illb(lema/I"en fOl VOII.:z[nb t"ou c,1p<maii/m"id) art, Iyfr "pp' ,,"ro I}'''tIl/f!>alr be t~rll(i b¢untto ~d!.Sor )'ft~. '"Vi r"e/ee w~id) "a", bem boneintl)cl9ab bene 19=<b itl~lIO/ t"" j)4brcmaVn,b totl»,6 baye; 1>!(t,crt~c1<jf, 3f~y llIItO you/t"aritjI)4Ib, ca("crfor ~obomilll~,baVe ofiub(l,,"a/ tl)tIl fon~,. ~~en 3,full ';lIfmmb allb (ay"" 3 p:aYfet~co f~I~,rlorb, ofi)t"en Allb m9 / be caufe (1)011 ~,,(i b)'bt"C4~ tl)illlJ"ffl"om I~C wvf' anb prllbclltlanl> ball openeb I"ml URi to bab'll / ,"'n(o farb,r/forro it plcafeb t!>c. 2111 tl)ynlfj' Art (Ie"," "nlo nt, of my f at!>.r /21nb no lIIan fnoll>ct" tl)e fon"el blllt!>, fCltl)cr n~t"'r I'nOWtt!) env ma t"efCltI),r/ f"", I", to. ne/"nb l>etoltll>cm rb' fonne UI)'lIopm !>int. 4Ij£oll1c "nto lIIeall y. I~CotI"bcur Jau" al"c1ab<lanb 3 W)'U (4f' yon.~ale my)'ear, on ),ou/"nblerne cf me Ifor), alii m,l .,1,"1" lowly illl)erl.; Anbye fl)all fyllbctafe ""to)' cure (oui

'6

o ;tllMbcw. Irs .f0r~myy(X)ftyBe4ry/"nb my bun~.n ys Iygbt.

~~<90rpcllof b<ale'b19( 411.4n!) d)arl1eb I"i rb.u/I",t(bulbcnOtll1aft bim 'nowtn/lo (ulfvl! t"4IWbic!) '004" fpof. by lff4t 1ge p,op~ev lEf.i,. w~iC!)fa)'ct~:l3<~o!'be nIy toone/ro90 3 ~~"e c!)of<n/my, b.er. rlq. Iinge/in wl)om mytonle ~at~ !>ab NIne.] WVIl put my IplrI< Ie on ~illl/ M'b ~e f!loll (beroc iubg<luml to I~e 9m1l'16. (Jr fi,all not 11rYl'./~e f~4Il not el'ye/n<t~er fl>all tny man ~c art ~y" "oyecin I,,«freer)' /<1 bNfell «'be 119411 bmot bTeaef. / z ~q<l"4t be~nnrt" 10 burne ~e (lJali notquic!)e/lyll ~e (en. ~c forr" iul>gcm<nl "mo "klory / aub ill 9Y" nanle (\lall t~. genryl" trutk «I:l",w<1" b,ougbl 10 "ym/\"OonpofftfTcb mIll <1be"yU tl)9~ I'd) W<10 bot" blynl>c <1nb l>oi;; / anl> ~e "ealcl> "illl/in fomod,) Ibat I)c w"ic!) ro<16 blynl> anb bon, / bOlb fpaf. ~ faUlr. :2tnb 411 <!Ie people Ultl'e <1mafr'b/anl> faYl>c:;96 not t~i6 Ibr folie of b4"il):ro"en t~c p!larife6 "rrl><l1)41/ I!>ey fa vbe:'" l>rYl1rtf) lI)e l>e".I'16"0 nOI!>,r wifC Ollle/bul bv I". ~dpp( off bdfcbub 2~",. Ij)«!>efcof I"e be",,1!1. iii. «I:13ul3efu0 m"t>u!>eretl)oulY"rr /anl> fa,'O(lol"i. lfl'trY]!n.Ii.

.Be(oIatc. fynlJ'llollcuybrb Ulirb in it fvlfe ,!>albe" l>cfolaleX'Irlbtr (baU ~Q.t fO _ft<bl enyeile o,"ou(lJo~c l)e"yl>el> ayif!irfylfc/eorynlld3o yffa~ ~Cltroft'O~ b,oug~ ran cali oU1farall/r!1t11 y& ~ellc""llel> aycnfC bim fylfe. ~o~

t to IIOU t. l\'Iefball I". "ye- tyn9bo eubllre~:2tlfoif yby Il)r"rlppe ofbrl' 5cbllbcaliolllb.l'yl,,: bp ro~of( ~clppcN YOllre d}II~rfcafl

0 6001i'. t~em oUI:'tbrrfor, 1~(Vfl)<1lb< )'our< illbgce:13ur if3eaf/ 0111 'sr"' OSty"li'e t~t t~e be"Vle bV I~e fpiritr of lYob: t!l,m i6<~( fyngbom ofgo~ ',olr !JoofiIY"l>.rp~ (0,"' on you~ '(fng' oft~tg,'(ptll (["' ..... ,1' bo,'VecCi a rna enlre in 10 a mV9btp mannC6 ~ollfTe I gnb I)ya ",o",yn~. 'I' wl]mrl}otbyb,tt,>1 an'b "!,o/<n,,,yrllf, <1 l\'Ill)'t bie tloobb1 )'I'ctppt< ~e fvrfC b)'ll< ;0 no rimel>\' .f(yn. be rbe f/rollgtltla/ Illlb rbm (poyl, b,e boujfr.,8cr"AII6 nol 'Ol it fyg~ttt~ "IWI roilb me!i~ aytnll, '"" 2!tll) be l~allYal)l)mb nor roil" "It/ nft foytl) /w!?t"l fa (,attrtr~ ob,oal><. ro"rrfor< 3 rety' ,mto you/all mii,1' of (r"'le.r ~7t/~(;~~~lbQ o~ allb bl<1fpb'IIIY(Qalbe foryet,tn l>nlolllCt1/bullb, blafp~elllV iii· .. '1\"A'ftl filytll ~~II, ayiltr Ip' "olyO (loofl/f~all not be fory<;,,_" ""10_ m'I1.:lI11l>7Lu.r~ tntre yn/ino all ~~ wbo(o'''<r(p,a!'t~ a worb, ety,"lic Ib'Ioneofma /IIfl>albe n,sl>tpartt. . fory'''tn pim:bm l\'I~ofo<"erfpcdfetb aytnli, Ibe l)olr gto~1 • wit .... :eRrI,ew itfllall tlOI be foryell'" ~im:"o/n'I~(ri" 1~"6 Ulorlb, /ntt~cr I4fttl) I}ert n'tl],r ~in Ill' \l)orl~e 10 COIII<.

"

6. t1i~IPtro. So.,iiij. . 'nr~< wo.t~<toco~

f["'t~(rtllAfe I!>C rret goob / Anb bie frutt I1cobe Alfo I or tltr mt/~Qrlte fByllr m~tc I!>e rm (".!'1I1 7 I>"e frurc evyll olfo. 50rrl>c 1m ie til"" ~e is in txlungcr off n>r bV 9"e frurt.(1) gcntr~dii of"ipcrj'/!>oroe ",n Ve fa"c roc. eternoll odn"cion.

1!lIe. W. lc/wbm Ve youre fcll>tear el>)'U~forof II>' Aboiiballn" of rbc .. .avipcr I'" .rrtt !>mc r~c mom!) fpeafcr!).2111cob man our ofr!>c B",brrt~fu, r~e macr of on a011 re ofb)?e I.<rle/br"n"<tb fortI. "cobell.)?n"f.~nb ~n C~lrna: 1><r.90 ys • wo.mc

l' T " y., "" moftndlofpoyfon. outof!>i& c",,11 Irt~fure brYl1gerl> fortb e"yl t9"I111te. ur 3 faVt "nlo ,0u/t!)illofClltry yb,1I roorbe/I~at mtn f\l~U b~"c fpofi/I!>., tbAII gCl>< acoprf "t rbe boyc ofiubBcmft. SOt bv :bm Inay ye ( rl;! rbv roorbe& I!>eU Ib~ltbc illf/),/ycl>;Anb b)' tby wolbee t"ou at WO.oes 11>COe9 ",.ut bcconb.mpnrb. !ledore ollrworblr

:rio. Ii t I. b wQl1t am. ya wir12 f[""y<an rocrybccrt<1),ng. o,t~c fcrvb11oft~el!1 ariftefa)'~ rrv.io arewirnt(f~ ~Ar. il1gr;tTI .. f/ft /roc U'Olbcf.1Y'IC fc a fvene oft"c • ./Oe anfwmb ca wirl? liym o. 09'

viij. t!>ifavnge. I!>e .""U ilnb abllourrolle gcncraeio f.fel!) ~ f"g: crnft ~rml bue ne~ 2!.ue.1i. I1r/bun9m rl><11/ no fygne be gev< "nto r!>cm/bur r!>e fYBne tQtrmokt IIi", !lO~

of I!)' prop!><t 3onae. 50rae30noe rooo iijboyce/7iij ny' 00 no. bool Bsrlie g!>tee/i t!>ol'!>4<1111 bdlv:fo f"<111 e!>e fone of mii btiij bo)?ta r;;~:e::::~~~bu~

. anb iij nyg~rce i t~e !>meofrb«rtb ,i[~c mi of nini".l'lef!lall mokerQere n'r~er :Jon •.•. rrfe arrbeba)'cofillbgm<l1l/wit~ t~venMion / anllc3llipm SCOI> IIQr baD.

1~'m:5 ~ltb<, rcpcnteb <11t I~e plC<1~ing(of30notl'3nb b<~ bolt>e <lllreo!terd)en30n<1e ytlbert. ~equen( ofrbefout~ j1)al/ r,fe or r!>,boycofiubgll1rr wir!> r!>ie gcncraciMl/ anb

iij.rcg., f!>AlI eonblpneti)em;5or fbe cam from d)< "m,ofle p~rtJ(e> of r~e roorlbe/to ~earc t~e wyfDom or 601oll1Of1.21nb bc~ol ! bt ~et( ye OIgu4tm9<n 6010moo. f[\X)bcn I~e mdene fprite ie lIone oUlof 4 mi\n / be roalfub tbroug!>eutt bre!, plaCt6 / fef"Mge r<efl/anb f,,"bu~ n~ne. ~~cn !>,fart!): 3wyll retume 4!je)'nc into my !>ouffc /frol1l robcncc3 ciiout.21nb w!>," !>eUs come/!>efynbetbrr!>e po~ ufJi emptc/ onbfroept / anbgorn~b~ '{ben pegoetp ~ie> tl'aY'/.1l1blaftcp. "q.fpirirj'roorjfa!)< b,m f"lfe /anb fo (I1ftr Ibcr in ant> bro<lItb<r<.~nbtb<cnbeoft"M mii i5 roorffr tbe tbe'beBynnyn!Je.lf\>tn f. fboll it be to t~,& frowerb narion. f[\X)i)yll"e ,cttaIM. "nt~ I~,p,ople: bebolbc / pyemotper

~ ,,, ~nl:> !>.r,;brtli)r<f1~b( tt'ilp out tpe borc&/bcfyrmlJttofpeofr iu a;;ijq witl> bim. [brn \'Oon f~rbe "nro l>il1l : bc!>olbe tby motper

. . ~nl.>1 ~y bm!>rc flob. roil!> out/bcfyryn{lc to fp~afe ,wir~ r~t J ' q

41

~~t"o(pdl S' onf"'tr,b anb rEibdo ~jttI1 t~4ttolb, b1m, \D~o J'S my mot!ltr/or\ll~o 4r' '"Y brttl),rtnt:l1nb ~,'lrtld}.b fort~ ~IO "o~ o",r bi6l>ifc;plt6/onb ro ,;,,, l3e"01bf Iny m.'~tr (lnl> m, brtlbrtll.Sor "'b~fo ,,, .. ful~lItI~ m, f4t~cr6 \ll111/\ll"i~ cIJ ,,, in ~<"clJ/~c y,;my brot~rr / m, furtcr/ anb mv motllcr.

42

6. mal~nJ). S~.1'" wt)'fb ","oll£:Z/n'tlthtrfart6lX'n bull of bf~r,,,gfl an!>tbfr qte~a"H9"c1oR!> l/r/tI~"f~lI/bt f( W'I~ rbm 11.sl an!> ~rar< wilb 19.r. (4rf6Iall!> fpu/b. ,'nbtr/ton!>. wllb Ib<r( bernf/anb fpll/b< rourll<ltbat p '"rebl bfa/.lb'"'· «I13111 b/eIT,b.r ,ollrre,t~/fortb'r f<1 <lnb VOllr. tam11 for "",b,art. Vm/,,3farnmto Nil Ilbal man, p,opbtttf anbptrfaicttntm bA'" blf,r,b tOf( Ibol~in"1 w~id} ,< f<11 ba", nOIf(nttbfm; anb 10 ~Iart tbO Ibinl'lf t"bid} J" ~,ar,1 anl>ba"tnolberN Ibm.B<<lr, J" Ibm fort tlJt fimililub. of ""fown. \l)bm ama ~tar<lb Ib' "'O'!>I of Ib' fynl'l!>omf/ an<>on!>tr/tonbflb ilnolt: Ib.rf ccm<rb Ib' ,,,,II ilia/an!> (Ik< Id./tlbllwa,uboll Wbid} WAS fowmin b,e ~m<. 21nl> tI),& ~I?t (f.b)'6 ~~~~ ie~t w~id} WAS fOwn. by tbf WA" f, be .13ul b, 19a1 WA&fo~ :;'o~:.",;: (owen tmtin Ibr/ton, orounbf/,e bt/U?bid} btAnt~lbt wor!>. ~f wI~ dzt woO, of lIol)/Anb anon tl'ilb iOrrrutA".t9 itl ,tl bAlb bl no r«>ttj'tn !lot>. I)imf<ljft/An!>lbmfo1<bfburflb but a (f4fon:(or 4e foonl a6 trtbulAcion 0' p.rffCllcioll Ar,fub bt (IIIIf. of Ib,U?ot!>t I b,,,, an", ht fa"il".~t tbAI wae fowm 4 monl'l' l~oml&/,e ~/ l!I4t btArilb I~f morbt of Mill bultb' C4rl of I~i" worlb./ an<> lbi biffA,tfidn,,, of rrd}.e dJoft lb' morbt / Anl> (0,,13 91 mal>t "nfrurtilli. ~. Wbid} i6 fown. inl"t I'I<x>b I'Ironn!>l/ ,ebt/tbAlb,aritb tbi wor!>, 4nl> t>nbtrftonbttl) illU?~icba'" fob,riIHrUI< / AIIl> br,,"I'I' for'~/fum An ~unb1lb folbf/fum f,(I,(.Ib</4Ilb ft'nttb,rt)' folb.. . f['lInol~trfimililu!>, PUt ~< forl~ I"nto t~<1II fA,inl'l', [~e F,nll<bonl ofb'''tn ),6lyFt "nto II mAn wbid}fowrb l'loobfct" !lfin ~i6 felbr . .l3ut ",byll men jJrptt / t~m CAm ~iefoo/ An!> 11' ockk fOlX'<M4rr6Amonl'ltt~'wb.attlal\bwiti& WA)' •• \l)~tnt~( !.':::t\~1 ro:: blab.U?A& fpronl'l'"p/Anb ~Ab broull~t fort~ fruttlt~tn 4~ 4mOIl6tCOln~. pllrybtbtl4Yt6A1fo.lbtf'rtlaunt'j'cAIIt to I~< ~ollff(~olbcrl 4nb roybt onto bim. 6,r fOWtb,/t not l~ollll('O!> rtfb tnlb" cfofj(/frorn wb.ncttbm "at~it IArt6't ~< fa"b. to tbrm / I~e ,nnOU6 lIIan bAtb bon. lI)ieJl:btn I~' ftr"Auntf f4,bt mto !ltm:m,It,bolllbtlt IbAItt>rlloanbl'l.bbtrit '! Anl> ~c (4)'btl 1I4I""tft1X'~"" go ,bollte to ""blout !pctArte/!f plllctt rppI4lrOll'ltbl~it~ttt>b'At(b" tbtro!t1; 1ft bot!1tgrowc to g,lbtrt,,, ~4n>tfi (um/ Anb in Iym< OfbArt'tll1:3 "',u fM

5 iii 43

So. r\?i.

(ttJ'llgc ~(t<r{jcob p(~rlce w~id) wb< bt b~bfounbt one pre'" t7- ~~epterltj& ciOU6 t7- p.<lrlc/ went <lnb (011:>< <llltbAtb< bAb /1 bougbt It/ dlro tilt e'l'igriion. ([21g'J'II</tbcf,nS1:>OIll offb ... 'tn ielyf. vnto II n.ttcAllin ro t~t «,/rbAt gAbbretj) of AU h>nb10f fyf1l;ce;rj)< wbid) wbi it io fllll / mi blllW< to lobe/Anb (it <lnb gAbr< tbc{\cob mro Ib'" r' ",ffd6/<lnbcAfltb< bolb AW<lj?( .eo fb<lllit be IItt9cfllb< of r9'TOol/be. irb<4ngcle (1)4UCO",' "nb(ev(rr9' b<lbfrom r9t

l!cob / Anb fl>(llIc4Ihbtm in to A furnee of fprel r9m I9Albe Wllylmg, Anb{\nAf1VJ'II{\' of Ift9' ff.3tli.efAyb(t'nrorb<m:!>4", y< "n'buflon'b< ~Ut9<f( t9yn~ {\1:1j,., f<lib, yt fvr.lj).n fllybcj,e \>nro r9(m;~!>'rforc tt'fr" (cr)'be wbid) i6eonyng( ""to Ibt fynebolll ofb<"./Ie (,Fe (In ~oul9olb(f IWbid) brJ'IIget\!fortb lour ofb),e In Afurtl rb)'n~ oj( 01DM12t lawe. G1 bol!>e .. nC1l>C (lllb olbe. 11<\1><111], gorpeu/ fr2lllb9),/eAnJlO P<lff< mbl3,fu& bAb fynmlTj)c'b t9<fdl~ oltvsngdioll. mililu'b1I~~r btbtf'4rttb Ibcnct/<lnb c(lm in 10 \lie awn, co" IIntre / 41lb t4ugbl ill rbucf)'nagoe91 l in (0 mod)e rbarr!>."

'l!ll WUf 4fillnyc'b/An'b faibc;w9f11cC ca 4I1rb),6w,(bii 4nb po::: ~i WU "nro bim+'ie norrbyerbcc4rpitcre foii(~ i6 not bye 1Il0~

, I~cr c411ebIll4rr.Anbb1ebrcr9r<n b< cAllcb/3amce 4nb 30" f.e 4nb eymon 4nb 3Ilbll6+,anl:> arc not bye f"fiere ai/ \Icrt wit9 ",,-;'W9(1I(' !>Atb bt <llltb<f' t9yn9~ 3nlllb'r w .. '" burt. by bim.l!:bc3.fu& fAr'b( vnrolbtm:rbm ie no prop!>el Dilb OUI \Ionou((/f4", in bye 4wnfCountrc/anb 4mogt by .. ~l'On( fynnc.3nb ~(b"b not! "'~"" m),r4c1,e Ib(~( for I~(r( mbd<fce f/lk

'l..~a~, \11.

1u(.i~,

~~c <6olpdl of ~c fcareb t~e people/be cauf' t!IeYcountcb~im 46" proP~ft'l ", trW!>cn !>erobf bvrr!> l)ay, m"& come t~c boag~raof~tro: U,I"q , by,,& baunfr!) before t"em/Mb plcafy!) btrobt. robcrf~rc be promyfybmit!>an* I tl)"tbcUlOlbtgttlt ba mb4t fo(~ Dcr OJe "'010, ".re. 2rn!)f!,e bcyngc cnfcrmcb olf!><r mot~er bcfolc/faYN ytl)emc I)cre3b3 bapnft1 bee'(>in a plattcr.2rnb tbe r"ngc IONtNl):ncwrr!><lrfTc for ~ii> ot~t& faf(hfort~crt faPe& W!>id) fa((alfo Aubctablc/!>rcomaun!)rb !>itro be gr". ~er.2rnb fent tIIIb bfl)e'(>'(>eb 3bon in t!le pr(fon; all'(> "i& !lnb I\>a<l broag~t I'n a pl4ttfr. Mb y(1)(" to t!l( '(>amfdl l M!)f~. brou"btb,t to b'rmot~cr. 2rnb !>i<lbifclplc&cam/anb tof. "PP( by& bOby 141 nb buryeb ~it;2rnb n>cnt anb tolbe 3rfu&. trWben 3b<flls !>ab btrb tl1U/~r btpArtfb t~fnce by f~yppc into a btfertplacc Ollt( oft!>c wayr.21nb 11'9en t~t pcopl. ~ ~trbe (!>mof /t!>c»folombc 9im" focc olltoft~rr(Citr<l.21llb 3cf06 mcntforr!> anbfalllc mo41c people; all!) bi& !>crtr b)'!)( mdtcl>ppontbilanb!>( ~<4I(b of t!><mtWe tbatll'Crefiefr, \l)!1m (1)(n lila" cuml!>i"bifcipl(" cam to ~im fayin"e .~9i& »" A bcfert plaC(/anbt~ebA?C i& fpent/ Ifttbcpecplc btpartc n,aube» mayc go in to (!>ncune,,1 anbbr), r\1cm "ytta»llf. , l3ut 3'fu6f",be 1ntot!>rm.~!>ey betl>e no ncabt to go a",a' mor. ':" FC:(!;'1>')1( t!>cm to cl\t(.~bmfaybc tbe» I>ut09im: 11'( ~a", j~C<" 1: bert but.".loDC& I Mb rn>c fyfT!!c". ~cfaybc I br}'ngu~cm ,(on,o ..

lJybt!><r to m(~21nb !>"omaun!)cb I t!>t peol'lcto fyt ~Ut on t~c "raf!e/Anbtofct!>,.".lo'l>(,,/anbn,dj.fytT\)C& I anb I~ tyb "Ppc to b(1)(nlanb blcfTcbl anb braft I M!) gA"'t!)C 10"'6 10 ~y6 bifciplc6/anb tbe bWciple& IIIl'l>(tJ,i totb.pcoplt.21nb t~tr all ate I anb mcr fil/fyJib. :]Inb t!ltN,Clbrcb t'pPC cf t~. l!obbrttft~atrtmayneb.rii b4:,fct1fiIU. ~!>cy r\1ett IItc wer III nobrt abolltc.". m. mcn/b.f,bbc" tI>tIIImAnb l\II!)c~,Jbri. tr2rnbf!r(""~t Il'Il}'C 3cfu6 n"be ~,& bifciplt6tntrt in ro

.J. (I f\>ippe/anb to goO"" bcfort biml "'byU~. fcnttt~c people X11~u:,~~~'in tl2e ama}'c. ~nba,,(oon(a&~' ~ab (tntt~, peoplC4mClYC/~( olD. tfm. was be~ ment "P Itt to Ilmollnta}'n,( alont to prll}'C. ~nb wbm nygbt "iDCb intoiiij qu.~ mD."cum/be mll6t!)m \lIme (yffe alone .anb t~c O,)yppc ma5 , rtCri' f onD ta:> tV,." in tbe m»!)bi' cf tbl (ft / anb wa& to)Ofi wit!) m""e& I for bir31m;,," U I : "aTer W4S sevyn wa64 cotrarren»'nbc.iC3nt"ciiij.w4r~oft"tn,,"~r 3(1 ),,",0' , IQI20llrtS.

46

<Ott JU. iCbapttr. ibm cam to

47

trb. <So(pdl of is mit~out cffcct£/l~roug~ roure trltllicion6. ;Ypocryti'redl . pr<'V~cfiell of)'Ou/ (fit)' fltyin!le:l"!>i& peopl.!>r<lw'l~ II),' "n~ ~r." . 10 1IIC\"ir"tberemour~.&1t ~ollortr" mnl>il~ Ib.r. Iyppcs/ ru. rer <bere perte i6 fcrr. fro 1II(:bllr i "Ayne l~tywor(l)ippe Ihe ttltd)ill!Je boctrJln</w~i(~ i"lIolbynG< butmell& prtctpreu. f[21l1b ~< (ltllell rbe peopl. t·llto bim/anb (ltyb. 10 t~.m:b(<l' rt4nll"nberttonbe. i!:9ltt"'~id} gOCl~in rOI~c mo09t91bc f"lerl) 1I0r 4 m<to : bur r,,<l1 wbid} (';m(t~ olltofll). mouill~/ llcfy1clb Il>C m<ln. . f[~~cnc<lm I)y" bi("plc& / <lnb (<I"b< "nlo bil": pfrCr<l",1t

. t~ou/!>o",< 1&4t tb< p~ary,(e <Ire offell!>eb b'<lringr Ibyr41<' Xralliaolll) ofm,n in!'le:,ecltnl"'crd'/<lIIl> f<l"bt:<l1I pl<lntt6 "'~id} mv ~<"'nlv mllltc f .. ,learr r~. f<lt"cr"ltr~ non pl<lnl,b / fll -Ibc plllefeb "X'b( by t!le rott<; : 11IIt:\!ol>f WOIl> I'f" ~ • j;" "'f lICI~ n .. r. .Il.<ftt.)< Itlone/tye)' bUge bl),lIb<lebb<r& 0 I . e blynbt.,.., t~c

blynbc I«ll. Ibe blynllc/bcotl>' "'<Ill f<lll iIlIOI~(b,.d,e. (lir~c .tn(wmb pmr <lnllf<lyb to billl,btd41'e "nlo ",; Ib)'tl1!.u. "i. p<lra bit. ~cn f~"lle 3<I"U6:<lrt Y')1C1l wil~ ontm ,,"llcrtlon~ bing':perC«l"c ye nOII/l~At "'~4tfoe"<r !lOtI!> in M 19' rno~ IItb/be(cmlltlb lloun.iIHot~tI)(l, / .tnbYGC4f1 out ill 10 rb< llrau!J!>I~J.3urt~ofe I!>ingf "'l>id} ~roc<lle out of I!)e 1I101l[19t (ome from Ibt ~.rre/l1nN~'1' l:Iyifyle It 10411. Sor 0111 of t~e !Jert. com«\1ylltbou!l~lf / lIl11rllcr/ brrltfyng of U)etllocft / ro!)orl>3!t!)«fle/falccwitnes berYllfl< /bla fp~(I"y. ~ brf' are t~ct~ingf w9id} befYl. 4 man.Bllt to calc witll ""'l>elf"rn bonbte/bcfyltlb nott41 mall. «[:.?lnll 3epiG 1l'tnubmcc/ 4nbbcp4rleb inro I/)e cofti' of tirc ~.r. 4I1bfillon.2tnb bc~olbt <I U)oltl<i "'9id) '\1a& 4 canan,Ie (ltrn vq oUlofr", f<lmt cQ:ltif/Mb cry<bl>Otobiml(ltyngc: ~aOf rner~ cy on lOt lorlle I be fo;;t ofbltuill/m,. bOllgbl,r i6 PJ'tIOu/l)' u., J'ebwit!J 4111e""IL2Inllbe (l41tltl)cmn><ra n>orbuo an(wer. (!;!)'" cam 10 bim bye bifopleGI anb bc(oll9br bim (l1yrn{le: fmb£ ber aro<l)'< / for f\)t folotll) l>G cryingr. ~t Itnfwtr<b/ allb fayll,,3 am lIortfml/bllt vnto 1I).lcoti (!).pc ofr!>.boll/Tt ofi(ra".l~bcn f~tcam allb_r~"pp.b !Jim/rayingt: rn4< (irrf"cr,rmc: Se anfwtrcllanb faille: il)'6 nOlgrob / to laf. tb- c\Jilbren6 bwbj-. rocAIl ir 10 w~dpf.ebt anfwereb allb faibe: it jr. trut~r I n<\)trt!>dejft Ib( wl,tlppu; cat, offtbt

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rrometl/wbi<v t~1I fj-cm I~(rt m~ffcr6t~blt.[bm 3cfu6 ~n" lillmb anb (~yllc ,,"10 ~cr.<D room an grcatti&r~r fayt~ / be ~irtO tpc/,,,rn a6 t~ou bcfyreff.2tnll bcr boug~ccr a>46 m4" h<a>~ol«"en 4t cbar tamHymc. t[irben3c(uG rowc ~\l)~"< froml~cnce / ~nbcam nyc "nco c!>< f .. of galrle/anllwcnl"ppdn co ~ ",outayne/anb r~c bo~ uner~crc. 2tnbmccbe pcoplecam"rnobym !>a"ynge roil I, l\lcJ!1/!>alr/blynl)'lboffi/maymcb/ anb ocbermany: anb caft cb,", hOllne al 3e(ue fetc. 21nh be b(aleb Ibtm l in fo mod;1c rbart~cp<ople 1l'ollbreh/cofcr~eboffi fpeafe /c!>cmaym,ll robolc / ann 'be balrro go I 11>' blynl>clo fC/ anb gloryfy(bl~c gobofi(rabtl•

*2..~~r. 4I3bcfua ca((ell bi6 bifcipl(610r,illl anbfaybc: ;3 bAI)( com~ vlq. pafllon on I~e pcopl</be cau(c '9c)' 1>a"c contynll(b roicb IJI(

noroc iij.bare,;/anl:> ba,,( nod)ing< 10 (llwanb 3ro)'lInol I(t Ib'lII :>cpartcfaf(ing< lefl' 19'Y p,rytT". in Ibe ro4y(.2tnl:> bi,; blfciplc,;fail:> "nlobim:rob';ce ("ulbroe get fo lJIod;1( bretb in r~,""ylbcm'6 a6f!Jull)c fulfyfC fo gr<lue II mulrirull,;anb 3<~ fUGfalbt "ncotbe: bow<lnan)'lol)('; !>al>')'c; AIIbrbcy fcYi)e: rCl>' anb a fcaroe fy/T"c,;.2tnl:> bccolJlaunb(blb' pcople cofyc boune on 'bc groUllb(.~nl) tofc 19' fCl>t 10l>C6/Allb tbt fyflbc6 AIIb ga,,( Ibanff / anb brafcrb,m/anbga"c to b,6 llifaplc6/ anl> bye bircipI<6ga"tt~<tot!>epeopl<. 2tnb,,,c»aU atc/anb II>ttc fi,ffyrcb.anb tott lof, "ppe of Ibc blOf< mc~tc ,bacroll6 I'ftc "ij.ba6fctffull. ir'!>c, cbat ate rom iiij. m. m.n/ b,r,be 1l'cmcn anb d;1yll>rcn.2tnllb( fcnt 4>'Oa)'c t"epeople/anb lofe r",ppe anb c am in co c~e pam.6 of m"£!'toal,,;

t:llt ,.n.~!laPtl'r. -, Illibm rlhltlO IJimdJrp!pui(ts ;It VI.Q. \'N~ t~ffl1buCl6 alfo /lIn~ b)'btCptt ~im //)c(,r. uC,'F' ingcrbat beroolb(f!1,ro(t~' fomcf,gn(fj-o ~'"

"<n.~eAllfro(r(b anb falbe ,,"co c!>em: 3, tlX!n )'C fayClU'c f!1(1\t b~'" fayr( lI)(lll>cr .Allbt!>atb((aurtt~e fly( ,&rctb:~i tbe l1Iornig.:y( fl1Yc/co b4,e f!1"lbc foule U'cbbtr/11

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~~e <Dofl'dl.of IUl'o «I)''ot:4I1fe (In'o b, not otr~,b •• ~~i I,fte t~e)' upp' t\W rt(yce/Anbfl\l1"n~ mAn/burJe(ue onl,. ([21n'oot0 t~"e4m b~unr tromr~'mount~)'ne /~e d,Ar~(b t~em (4ying</fet~ar )'C ("croctJ"e "yfion to no mAnI ryU t~t (onneofmAn bcryfm4g,ync (rombw~. 3n'ol)iebifcipl<e a,t,b of~im/(4)'inge:tv~y r~mfarct~t fcribe0! t~ar Bdya6 mufle fyr/f comtf.3cfue anfll)mb/4nb (4)'be'Ollto t!>em,b,. I)'ote j1)otll (yrtfeomc/(lnb reflort otllt9in\ff. 2lnb 3fotye "nto ),ou/t\1at ~dylt6ie e<>me ~Ircb)': 3nb t~ey m<ll'C ~ym nottl bllt ~ot ue bon, unro 1>illl n>1>atfO<"rrrbC)' lutteb. 3n lyI'e royfe f\1411 (lIfo 11>' f"ii,of ma (ulfrc oftbem. il:~~ bie bifciplce pm ((/lueb/tb4t bt (paF, unto t~cm of 3b~n b 'pritt. ([3nb Q)bmr~, rotrcometo),e people/tbm caro !>im 4 m. 141"< "'4n/otnb meleb boune "ntobim f4\'in9r:n14(i<r l>a~, mere), on my fonne/for be ye trotnt)'Felan!>iefore ,,<~eb.2rIlb oftetymeef411ctbin totbef}7relotnbo(rc intorb' wAter/ Allb )'b:ougbt bimro t!>ybifciple0/anb t"C)'eou~cnor 9cale \lint. 3efu0an(ll>f1'cb IUlb f4ytlC. <Dgtlltrotcion fAyr!>I .. , !Al1b cro< fcb;bot\)( Ion~c j1)otll J be mrb YOII:boUlC longe f"AIl y (uf' fer you:b:yngcbim by'ober ro m<.21n'o 3efllerebufeb rbe be­,,)'II/otnb !>"4m out. 21l1b t9' d}ylbe WAS be4lcb "," tbMfa­mel}our •• ([~l}encotm!>yebifciplcef<ercrlYAnb f4ybt:ro~yeoulbe nN Xl)cc4ttbim Olle Jcple fAlbe "nto r!>em/bcc4u« of ),Ollr< un bel_.jo:) fotyc "crely ,,"royou/rf,c ~4b f4,tbe/ae 4!!t'a' yne ofmuflrabc tceb/rc j1)ulbcf4yemrot!>ye mounta1"e/'" mc",benetto ron'otrplacc!Anb!>e f"ulbt r<rn<'OC, nd~'r

seron~~ftrtl1 r~ f!)ulbe tnyt\1in~c be "npo(liblcfor you to bo.25ut tbie r,n»<1 quy,n'l :~:;~ gOtt~ not~urbut by pr4rtr4nbf4/iinge. ~~:"~ ~ftlns to ru; (I;1D~yll r~9' p"fT,b tilt C)'mtln g4b1e/3«u~ f4ibe \>lito rbil btlu. tI1.booyrt!2ar tl)c fonneof m4n j1)albe bClrot,<b in tot~.~onbreof mc/~n~ luftcs "nqur«nort t!l<,fl>"U,,1I ~imlallbt~e r!lyrbe b"ye bc f!)all rrf< a£lev",· ~ mintS nlfnot. Znb l~e)'foroUlcb greAtly.

([ro!lentbC)'UltrccOme roeaptmaum.~~ev t~AtUlm n>o' rc to g~"'r.poU m~ny/eamto pmr Anb falbt~llot~ ),oure m"flcrp4!(rriburr:b< (4)'bc!'y •• 21l1btll~C11 ~eroaeco",e in to t~t ~ulfc/3qu& (paPe fTrrt ro bim/f4yingc:tll~4trb.rl1fl/i

6.maf~ct\'. 80.!)'. 2.~ar f~OllfymOn1ofm~om bOf~c 1yn{lf cff~e m~t laft l1'ybufcj

I, . . or poUmon,,,~cf d)m d)ylllrelor ofjlraungere1 pmrfay~ ~,. r. "nro !)im,of Ilrallngcrf.[l)m fAibe 3efj.e to ~.I'm agarnc. oJ< !frc. Zl!ousD

[be Arr~t(~vlllr<n .. fr<.t~ic"m9c1'lfc(cll wc 11)lIlll< offflle /Cl)nft wcrrfrt y,r II),mlgo 10 I~e fe, anbeafle Inll)'n' Angrlllan"lafctge (rf~ g~.' ~brbUrtf.' (\letl)al fYrjlcomcll) "pp<:anll wl)en Ibou ~ali opencb bie £5~~~ ~ c~ri{·kf~ mou19 '(1)01l f"all f"nb, apfCC of Fij.pmcc t!lAI lafe anb pM fr. i all Ilzrl~~f ~~'~ P' for m, anll II)C, , • Icynyn6 to I}is OW" 11"'''', t!t1ttt .rbc1tttw nf portc/ l'm p"r'"

~J ~"",.,,", fit" u. IQI]'f!ybllt(,rub ~ """IBllibl famt tplUI 1111 biftiplra ~t,~,~\t;:~~~: 1Lu ~,. . camlo'3<fi.6fayinllt· tIlbo ;e l~cgr(at(fHn tbc I)rrs rOk'I ICO fer .. . 1, f)'ngll.mof~."h3efi·.ecallell a d)ylbt "nfO ~imj 1118 blollzrr will/oil

~n"fff"iminI9t myllll1oftl).m anbfaybc,U,~ rei)' 3 fa)'umto YOIl/c,rccpt' )'t loumcl anb bcccm, ae d)if< brclyceanotcntr< in 10 t~c 1yngbo of broi' w~ofotlltr tbm" fon: (ball fubm),"!,;m Iyffias II)Y6 d),Ib<'!1c,e 1ge grca~ celi in t~cr,"gbom ofb",.n. :zJnb robofocl!fl' rcctll"tt~ fi.:

2..~Ar dJ' Ild)ylbc in mr name I ncta,,(11) IIlC • .aut robofot"cr i,: olfenb, WOII' oft~tft f)'tdlone/w\);eJ, bef,,,, in me,itn-crt 1!.u.Fvij bcrrn for 9im Ilbllt a m"lfllon. rom 9"ng<b .. bolltr b)'6

lIufc/llnb l!1at be rotrebroullcb in I~( ~£PI9 oft~e ftC. roo be "nro I~e 1ll0rfbe be e .. uf< ~f ,,,,,11 oecafiono. 31 ie nceef'" rllryr!lal,t>," o((a(lo"e b,g''''''/un'(rlbtlelT' roo be 10 t9at man!b)' tl:)90m ,,,),U oee41ion eomet~.tD9<rfore yftll)' !lo~ nbe/orl~)' fOI< I !ltt><t!1, Iln oecafoon of ,,,,,Ultut bini off/ 4nb cali "im trom Ib<.Sit il} better forr~<to<lltrc ill 10 Iy" f' ,,;It or ma1m,b/rat\l.rt!1<n190u flJlllbcll bat>inlJt , ij.90~ be6 or.ij.ferellltcalic in to ,,,,rlllfljn!!£ fyrt.:2inb vf alro I~,.~ nc,),c offenb t!1e/plucfc \lim our anb eafl9im from t!1c.it i6

!u.n>. bEltr for tp< /10 entre in tol),f< rolt\ltllon,,,e / tpcm "allin!!c ij.cyeelo bccafldnto ~dlf,rt. «[E5n!>"r)" befpifenol roon 0 f Ibef< liryll roon6. Sor:; fo" re "nto ),OU/I\l41 inb.l1l't\ltrt aned6b(1)0lbubefacro( my fot~er / wJ,id) ie i b,,,c.Y, anb tp<fofit ofma ie eom< to fn", t~llt W~ic!1ielofk-6oll'ct"rnft)'< ,Y(II ma "ab Qn~obreb

£~t l1ofi,,11 of /1}tpt/4nb U!3 ofl~.nl !'!>ulll. go Afirye/U!yll be nott I,v. nvn~ IV 4nll nvnein tbc rnoiitol>'"" / "nb flO ""bfefub"'l U!O ",I)id;) i"lIon. "'flr"'rc:rfbil bappitbot I), fVllll. him/ "ercly 3 f""e "nlo ,oo/b.rcioyf<,b more of ,boll jl>tpe/tl)iof tl)e n,nlP "nil n,nt/""~idJ "'tnl nott "Ifr"y •. lE"," 10 bi' i~ nottt!>c U!)'II off your. fottb.r in I)."en I Ibal lX'on olft!)i .. htd. tIlonl' fhulbe prrifl,e. f[ more o"er rftby brol",r trefpa& a,,"fl Ibe. <60 4nb Idl bim bi& f",ut bitlX'CII' billl "nll tbe alonr.l'f9, \>e",r, 1\></tbou 9~fl 1»on. Ibrbrotber:bllttif~' 9,arctbe nott Iben taf, milh Ibe i.or.i;.t9M in tl)e moull) of i;.or.iij.",itntlfc&/ all f"yingy m",e flonbe. Yfb, I""rum Ibem/telll)it"nlotbt (ollrr"a~ cion.,fbe b<are nott tb' (ong«!J4C;on/taf. ~im " .. lIn "etb,n m"n ",nb " .. "public,,". 'Pml' 3 f"" ",,10 yon mb"lfo,,,er

'b ... all bynbe anb ye bynbe on erll)/fI}"lb, bOllnbe in b."en. :zrnb ro~"t (oe",r 101ll re . ydofe on trtl)l Ibalbclof,b in b'''tn.

f[2tIl"", 3f"ye "nlo YOIl 11)"1 if i; of you (b"U "lIr' in errl) in en, m""trt9inl1' ml)al (o,,,,r 19<' (!laUber,rc : bilfr,albe It."m t~em of my f"bcrlllbid;) i& in 9,,,,n. 50r w\ltr( q onq Aft lIabbrtb to lIybberin Illy lI"nfe/tl)«< "1113 in r9c m,bbf offtl)em. cttbtn c"m ptt<r to bimlanb ("J>be:mafltr I boro, ofTt (ball my brot\l.rtrt(p46 "1I<ynfl mt / "nb 3 i9aU for,t'" 9ym: fl}a1l3 forg.". bim "ij.tyme6: 3erl6 (ayb "ntobim: 3 I"y' nOl"nlo rge"ij.tymce:~ut f<",nlr tVll1ee f'''YIl ttmee.crI)m fort i6 I~t fyl1l1bOIl1 on,,,CIl Irl'l1et> ... nto 01 cmolyn, I',nll" 'll>bicl) roolbct"I"1l cOllntj'ofbi6 (...,,,unlf / ",,'/I "'bi ~t !I~b begun< to reaml 1»on m<to broug~t "nto bim/a>~id;) ollg!lt ~ill1ltn t~our"nb, lalrnrrf: butm~cn ~e ~ab nOllg~t topa~ yc/r~.lorbtColl1allnhtb~im 10 be jOlbtl ant> ~ie wrff< / "nl> bi .. cbilbren: anl> aUI~"t be b"b / anl> p"ym,ntto bt m"bt. £~.f<",.:IlIntf<Uboun' <tnb b,foll!J!1t!1im ("ying" (3vr/pe~ t>t mrrrfpptclanb 3 wvll P"" !lite"t.,. mbyt. ~9tn bAlItge 101'11< p,ttt on 19< f(r~aunt/"nb 10"'f<'/I ~im 4nb forget'"~ ~im t~e'/ltrt. l[£I}e f"me f,naunt "'tnt OUI anb founbe 1»ont of 9"' fdo. a>e';/1»9id;) ollg~lbim an ~unbreb pence. 2tnb le,be 90"1>1

on ~1m/«nb 10 ft bi bV I~ttbr(l>IC/favi"l1e: pavttbat t~ouo~ ll"ll.:lIl1~ ~ie ftlomtfeUboun./ anb b<joll119t b"m/fayingc: ~« .. pacimCt"'it~ mt/"nb3 myll pay. t~. alf.anb ~f mol~ ~c not/butll'ent anb call ~imil1 to pr'fon/t)'U be flJulb,pa" t~, ~'t. \l)~tn ~i6 otb£!" (domC6 fame Q)~4t ,.,a6 bone /Ib', ll'<rt"ery fory/anb ca ~ lol!>",nlo t~m lorbe all Ibar ~«b 9aptnd,.lb<Ibr lorbwtllcb ~ym/«nb (<<tb. mlo &"m.~ '" "yllf<r,,«unr/:3forg«l>t tbe all tbat!>rt/b. ,auft t~ou prar~ bt/im,: \l)a6 itnot mitt alro/t~al 1\10U fl'ulbcll ~«"t ~ab~ be rompaflion no thy fdo,.,e/c"tn a6:3 9ab 1',11, on I~d aMb bi6lcrl)c maIO tt'root\! / anbbdrrrcb ",m to t9t30ylcr6 /1"/ he (bulbt pilrc all tbal ll'a6 bur to b,m. 60 Iyf. 11'I'f. f\>1l11 ,our. "u,enl, fatberbo "mo rou/,fy. m,1I nOI forjjtl>t mlb your< ~emflcacge mon to 9i5 brolberl9trt trt(pafr&.

~bt ~~.<!:hapttr.

~"'tIl~~~'!""-!!,}!~ galik/anb ,(\ in to 19' cooICfofit_, b,yab, 3~

, ba/anb mod), pcopl' folott'rb bim/an'll b' b,al,,1l Iblm Ibc«rc. f[l!1tnC4111 "nlo biml'" pbarif'6 to umpt' ""m/an'll f«ibt 10 \1,m:)l6bill«mfnU for a m«nto pun a m«yt bi6myf' for «II miintrof C«Uf(6~ St Ilnfmmb/4l1b fa,bc "nto tb<,S«"t ,e notrebbt/~oQ)(fbal bembid) mab. ma at Ibe btgynn'lI~ £It/mal), Ibcm man «nl) moman~ an~ faib, :for I~Y6 ttJinl1e/

(6t"" ,;' r~alla ma I.". falblran~ mothtr / anb clt"t "nto ",6wyfe/ ant> q. allb ,"ty warn, f\>alb, mon fkfT~'. \l)brrfor( nom, art tbcy

not Iltl4rnt/butmS fI,fTbr.lftnol man Ibtrtfore put alilll", !b,ut.l><r/I~~tltlbi'" gol> b4tbcuppltb to gybbcr.i!:bfll fapbt tb., )",iiij. I~ bYI1l: tt'!>y bpb mofee comllllnbe to g,,,, "nlo ber IS teICi"

m~nic.JI ofbiNrfmet/ (llIb 10 PUI ber c1 ",,,,yet ,Gtfa,b. "ntc Ih"mof,ebrcc.ufto(tl) ... 9"'rbnes ofyoure 9Crttf jilftTeb you 10 PUI ~\l)"'y, roure U)v"re:13urfi'om rbt bel1rn"ynjjt !>it 1tl4& nOI fo. 3 ((lY, t1m~(or' "nto "ou/\"bOrot"erpllltct~

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... 1')arbn'8.1!.a wee pmitt t (uff,r many ~rngf/to uoynea wot.lTeico""enltnct IlIQicQ gol> IlliU iuq t>s< ~ punvnlz.·

'7

By tQi"lhniliruOt _,e1'el1«a"e tQ'l ar no ftl1liliruntferf "'tQ tQrowsi2 outl bUt fli onctliYIlg co ,<ynco i tilcrnnilit'l ll1)e.as'~islo!lc pa rableQ'e,n<t/) butt i?trCl?nrO/ cQ9t WC'l me Qoly 1Q4U oerpi'i r. ",eeke rynnere I "lrQid/ rame..",ek, 11011' flIal! not 'llere 119'" riler rewaroc as tiler. ",l]icQ co' lI1efyrft.llave lie," buttlQlllberci'cte .. pur aWRt'tI b~CQu~ rc tQ<1' cQlllenge Qic ofme,;ttt 7notcQF m.rcy 1 'lurf.

• Z:~e cupp. fi{lnifi cell til. croff<lt r 11< fferyng:but tQdlell lThe "'010< be gloril, fj(1)Y" tllr" cmdf'i ico / WoID(' be t,rnr~ t<t> tlift< "p an l/ye v·rrf)c"IlDoune.

l!:be lfo(pdl of lalle ba"elllr~bt hlltmon ~ollrtlanb mou ball. mAbHbcm rquall "nt~ "6 w~id, ~all< b«>mff~' 6l1rr~tn anlll)'Me of t~.bave. tr,e,e an(wmb towon ofrbem/fapin9~.:trtnbe '3 bo t~, no wrOnlfr.b9b./C '~Oll notagremit~ me for a pm)r.' ~afc '~M mbid,l i6tl)'buri.laub got~ywa, •• 3m,U gt1>f1>nto II)Y6 /alle I afmod,l. a6 ro rl) •• ye it nor/awfUl! for mtro 110 ae m. lyll'l~ lwit~ mync awnet )"Ie 11))'nt rye .IlYU bfCallfe 3 am {loobtE3o rl)dalie (!1a/be&r/i lanb I~e&rtt f9albr lali •• 50r mallvarcca//eblanbfnl'<bc d,ofrn. . c ([2Inb 3efiJ6 af(fnM) 10 ~i<rufa/e/ lll1b rofe rbe Pi, N(ciplce ~~ur: ,. <1parr<inrbe11'aY<lanbfaibrto rbcm:!o 11'< go ~ppe ro bi« 11.~1)IlI · rufalemlanbrl)e (onn.of man f~alb. berray.b "",0 tbc d)e ~ fe prrrtfanb meotl), f'ryb-j'lanllth f9ai! conb<rnpn( b)'nI ro beth lanb (!)all btly"" I)ym to I~' Gellty/eM bt modelll 10 ~t fcourge~ I anb to bt «unfitb: anb I~C iij. bart ~( fllaU rytc agllyn<. ~tn(am tol)yml~<mOt~<rof3tbtbtie d,lylbri! ~it~ ~(r foiic6/ WOrjJ)yppigc bim/~btfirig. a crrta,n.'~ing,cf ~im, I)t rajbt "nro ~<r:wb(\rn>y/ttbou ~a"ct6~efaibt "nro~im: g.-aulllc tb(\trbef< my two fCllnes JI14,<f~rr/1l>On on II)" ri ~ gl)r bonbclanlll". oll)rr onl~Y bfte !1onbtin I~" Fyngbolll, 3e\U6 anfm.reb/: falb,: yc mot noew"at T< a"r .2Ire y< able tollrinf(oft~c.cuppc t~at3f~aUbrir(oft:zlnbto be bapty~ f(~ wirb r~cb.tplim/tbar 3 (!!albt bapryfC~ wirbt~~., a"", f1l'mbto~rm:I~M11'< (\rc.~t (4lbe "",0 rl)cm: yt f\laU ~ri~ nf. ofm, cuppc/4nbfbalbc bapryftb mill) tbe baplilO t~4r 3f"alb<."<1pryf<bwlI~ aU. :SUllO frton mp "'ll~t ~ont-cNr on my lyfte ~onbeIY& nOlmyne to VCll< )'011: bur to tl)em for wbom )'ti6prepayrell of m)' fal~<r. '~.r J: C[21 nb ml)( tl)t ".b<rbttbie/tbc)' bcfbayn<~ arrtbt ij .brtl"~ 7lu.r;~: rcn.13ut '3efueca/ltb Ibem "nto b)'mlanb faibe:~. Fnotllc/ rl)anbc 10r~ of tl). g<Ot)'l& ballfbominacion oPU 1!1'/2Inb rl)evtbatare grearcle"treife power Oll"'''COl. J't f\laUnor, be (0 4100nge )'oo:13utmbofOfll(r 'IIlylb. grcMc amoll' YOu/ Ict bim b. ,ollrc mi(ifr/anb u>bofoevcr 11',lbcd)cfcl/crrbrm be youn tcrvollnt. lE",n a6 the (on"< of man cam/notre be

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lillff t!)ou ~,\fhorbmebpr4"fanb J,e lefie,~cm/4nb IX'cn, out ofr!1e citemro bet!>AII),/MlI I'«jf<b r!1etymc r!)(fe. cr:3nr!)(1""rllynge~!>e rttumd, intot!)c cite ""e)'ne/!>e 2~ar. !)uugrtb/onbfl',eb (I f,{fGe tree in r!>ew«"e/4lIb ca: to it/An'o ;i. founbenotf>VI(!et!>creon/but I(~ onl, /AnbrAn> to it /neuer frutt~o1»(tlnt!>(l)ente for1»~. 3nb4llat!)e /NGetrec m)'bbrcb41»1I.l't. '2Inb w!>il)'ebifCjplce f4- t!>.v/ rf)e)' mill' odlebf4"~: 8o_f<'Onciel!>e&gge tree~b 41»M vc13<fue4nf\:ltereb/4nb (Ilibc_~: ~rd,3f4ye mto you/"f)'e f!'«II!>aN f«ir!1/4l1'o f\>4i1 nOlbOlll/" f94Unoto~ f] 1>0 r!>al1»!>icl)V b(l..,tbontto"'(~etrcc; bur41fo n )'e rl1~l(4)'U!lllOt!>ie mollnt«rm / t4tu", fu~« 1X'«),r/4nb (41i Ib,fclftinro l!>efu/ilf\>albebon •• 3nb 1l'I"ufon>er l~il1~ y~ f\>~U 4':~ in )'oure pr«),el'6,f)'t btl.~e/I'C (,,1lI1 rrce«~ !)it. ([3nb Q)bm be 1l'I415 come int~I"( temple/lbecl)c(e I'Neflf ~ }?a r. d)C (enio..,. of t~C P'Ople ca: "nro bym 4e!>e 1»~ wld),II{fd 1£ur.;r. anbf<'ibe:by wb<'t 4IIrtorifcb«lftf)oneJ,eftr!1igr:anbm"0 (f4"et!)ct!)ie powcr.3cfilunr_rtbl 4lIb jlIibe \1IItot!)i: 3 41f0 w,U ~t of you «ctrl4),n. qnefliofn>!>idJyf,c Il101lt me/ yinlyt< ",,rc1»y1lrcll,ou b)''Q)b~I(lllCtorife 3botf)ef< "'in~ \ff.Wprnct1»1lo r!1e bApti: of3!>ol$m "e"mlor ofmcnt .3nb t"c, t!)ou~tin t~i fdNe/f«yir.{fe:yf1»e f\>4U f4,e/from ",w/". \\')'I/f4)'e mlo "8: ro", b,b,cnott!>em bdt~ ~imt 1m! anb )'fwe f~o1l1r~)'. of m' 1 tb.n fe«r(1l'Ie~epcoplr. 50t

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11.) d. r. ( j3erFfn Anorbtr flmibrube. t~m t1>4e 4 certa,ne I)OUf1 risl2tewcmcs/ anb III· ~olbcr/Ul~pcf}f(r 4\ ",nc,Arbe/ allb bct!gebirrounbe o~ollr/ bra.,c mi""to£:~/,I

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pCal. f[~rIl6fAi'b(t>ntotb£m:t!yb , cnCl>nrcebe inlb' fcriplUrf/ rrDlJ· t~'fAmc tloneUl~icf}lb(b,~cr& refufcM& ftti Ibeprinc,~

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i!:~( gofpdl of 1'~11 pMt~oft~~corncr.t~i6 ro~ t~~ [or~C6 boill{!~/Anb tt )Ie mcrodoue in our~ cyee. ~!><rfort (aye 3 onto YOII/t!J<ryng' born of gob f"a[betaf," trOlll you/anb (!1a[bqJ("~.o t~. g« t>'[6\l)~,,:I) ~allbr>,n{!e fortb .be frue.e of it. :lInb w~ofo(",r

i<j'.tIl.~U "1Il1l: fall flJall .. f~( on t~j6 fionr/r!1a1b< alto brofen. :lInb Ulbofort'lr N frobl< 9t JC~rift/ t!>ie /lonb f!1all fall oppon/!>c ff,all grynbt ~YIII ro pOUlblr. (omr to tl]tre fal" / 2tn1)Ul!>en tbe 41.« prccfi1 an'(lp~ar}fC6~crbc bio) ftiniliru , ~~~;:;!~~~ to r~m br6 r~c>,p(rcta"rb t!>at !>t (paft of rbcm.Z1nb tbtyw,"t ab<

• cut to [aye bonb.,. on ""m/bue tbey (careb tbe pNplt I becau, f< ~r>, countrb bym 46 a propbct.:zr nb 3cfoo anfwmb anb fp(lt~ "nro r!>(1II aga)'lle/ill fimilirub(B/f"yingr.

£br ml. lCbapttr. lwugbom ofbwttt is IV~!;ii;.

fe IlIft04\ crrrayne I)n!ft/Ulbid}marycb !>ie fo/l;' nc/lmbfmnj'orrl) I)Y6 fu"allntf/ to cau tbe tbolt wcrrbyb ro t!>cUlCbbingr/anb tbty UlO~c not CO!'

mr.:zr!~(VI~e br fmtr forr!> ot!>rrfct"auntj' /fayingr:tdl rbcm wbid) arc bybbcn: Jto 3 b4\",prepar~bmy bynner/myn, o~ ):m anb lilY (atlingj' arc rylleb/anb allrbing1 art r<by/come IlIltO t\>' maryagt.~brv IIIabe Iig!>r o( ir/anb w<ttbcrrUla~ l'tB:wcn ro biB f,rme p[ace/ anct!>rr abour bio mncban"'y" (c.tbrrcmnaunt tofe ~i6 ftrllwntf/,mb intrCAttbt\>rm "n. goob[,/anbflc\X!ttbem. m!>mrl)< ryngc berbrrbar / bnt'ae wrotb/anb fent fOltb biB warryrrB anb bi/iro)'cb t!>0lt mu-rtbree! anb brent "ppc tbm cire. . mcn faille be to !>ieftr,,~untf: ~~c w(bNngc tlI~e pre? 2!~ar panb:but rl)cyUlbid} wne b)'bb(llt~mto / lX'crc notwor" rq. t~)'. <fio ye l~trC(orc cur in to t~d»)1e W~V6/4nb aO) ",~n" 46 1Lur.n )'C fynbclbyb rbem ro t~c maria!!<. ~~ e (cr"aunrtj' Wtnt cut in tor~c \X!areB/4nb gabbrd) togcbbu 4B man)' a6 r~(VC01 ulb<frnbc/boorb goob anb b4b/ anbtbe webbing! wae fur" n"lf!)c'" \X!il~lJcfi1.~b< fyngc calli in/ to "iRr ~Vtl geM / "nb fpycb tbm a man Ul~id) ~ab nOI on a webbillge garm.nli anb farb, "ntob)1m:fTro(/~owc c~m,/i t~ou in ~)'b'(lcr Ian!)

6, ·

e"IN MA TTHAEVM ~e glolia .. bonOlc fili; bominis LIBRI XIII.

DE GLORIFICA TI~ one 1trinitatis .. ploccffionc fpirirus ranal LIB R I IX.

--:......:-~ .. .. - . - .-...:.::......~.,,~-.:- .

• ApudfCElicem Coloniam Annofafutis. M. D. XXVI. Aeditioprima.