Pre test•What were the causes of the

French Revolution?•Who were some important people

in the French Revolution?•Who was Napoleon Bonaparte•What do YOU want to know about

the French Revolution and Napoleon

•Prediction: What do you think this will be about?

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

Estates or Social classes:•First Estate: the church (aka

clergy) owns 65% land, is .5% of pop & is tax exempt

*Second Estate: Nobles who hold govt & military positions. Own

25% of land, but 1.5% of pop.

Tax exempt

*Third Estate: 98% of pop, pay all taxes, own no land

Includes peasants &Bourgeoisie –who were middle class (drs Merchants,

lawyers, writers upset w/ nobles)

• Don’t write!• What do you

see in the image

• Who does each person represent?

• What does this image tell you about the Three estates in France?

First Estate Second Estate Third Estate

*Had little to no land *peasants

*Sought to expand powers *Clergy

* Shopkeepers & skilled *Bourgeoisie

craftspeople *Some aristocrat & some

*Nobility commoners

*Exempt from taille *Held many leading

*Many had feudal Obligations government positions

•Many problems: *Social-social classes,*Economic: Bad harvests, rising food prices, taxes on 3rd estate, Louis XVI spending money on wars, luxuries.

*Political- no rights, voting, absolute monarch

•Louis XVI meets w/ Estates General (a gathering of representatives from all three estates) to raise taxes.

•Each estate gets ONE vote so 3rd asks for a vote from each person.

•3rd wants to get rid of tax exempt.

•King says no & locks palaces so 3rd

Estate

can’t

meet.

•3rd Estate meets 6/17/1789 & calls itself National Assembly

• Swear TENNIS COURT OATH to write new Fr constitution

•July 14th, 1789 mob storms Bastille, (prison in Paris) after Louis XVI uses troops against National Assembly.

National Assembly met on Aug. 4th, 1789 & abolish rights of landlords, tax exemptions, Church tithes

(after rebellions broke out)

•Aug 26, 1789, adopt Declaration of the Rights of Man which gave basic liberties for MEN such as: equal rights,

freedom of press, speech & no tax exempt. (enlightenment ideas)

Philosophe Key Works Key Ideas

Montesquieu

Spirit of Laws

Principle of separation of powers helps a govt operate without oppressive powerNo one person is too strong

Voltaire Treatise on Toleration

“All men are brothers”Religious tolerationFreedom of thought and speech

Rousseau The Social Contract

Society should be governed by the general will of its citizens

•Louis XVI says no.

•Armed women march & force family to Paris to accept Declaration of Man & National Assembly

•New constitution written 1791

•Creates Legislative Assembly & limited king

•Men who paid certain amt in taxes could vote (2/3 of pop).

•Lower classes say no b/c they can’t vote

•King flees, is caught & arrested.

•Aus & Prussia want Louis back in power,

so Leg Assembly declares war (big losses).

•Communes were radical political groups

•Paris Commune wants Leg Assembly to call for National Convention w/ universal suffrage

(they arrest the king & run Paris!)

•Commune members nickname themselves SANS-COULOTTES

(had no fine clothes, wore pants & were mostly poor working class)

•At National Convention,, Georges Danton (leader of PC) chosen as Minister of Justice. Went after royal supporters, murdering 1000s.

•DO NOT WRITE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!•Sept 1792: National

Convention is the ruling body. •Mostly lawyers & property

owners who distrust king. •Spilt into 2 groups over what

to do w/ king. •Both part of JACOBINS- a

network of political groups. GIRONDINS- keep king alive. MOUNTAIN- Kill king

•King guillotined 1793

•Other nations go to war against France (Aus, Pru, SP, Br, Port, Rus)

• DON’T WRITE!• Also killed Louis’

wife, Marie Antoinette.

• Famous for her excess & for saying “let them eat cake”

•Nat Convention gives the COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY (Danton) broad powers to do anything to protect France from enemies of the Revolution

•Prosecuted enemies of rev & 40,000 die, 16,000 by guillotine alone)

•MAXIMILLAIN ROBESPIERRE

took over CPS after Danton was arrested & guillotined

Pity is treason

•1793-1794 was called the Reign of Terror when people feared being arrested or killed for little reason

Why did the guillotine come to symbolize the French Revolution? Don’t write!

• Joseph-Ignace Guillion helped push through a law to require executions be by the machine because it was quick & painless

• This report was written by a Dr. Beaurieux, who experimented with the head of a condemned prisoner by the name of Henri Languille, on 28 June 1905:

• Here, then, is what I was able to note immediately after the decapitation: the eyelids and lips of the guillotined man worked in irregularly rhythmic contractions for about five or six seconds. This phenomenon has been remarked by all those finding themselves in the same conditions as myself for observing what happens after the severing of the neck ...I waited for several seconds. The spasmodic movements ceased. It was then that I called in a strong, sharp voice: "Languille!" I saw the eyelids slowly lift up, without any spasmodic contractions – I insist advisedly on this peculiarity – but with an even movement, quite distinct and normal, such as happens in everyday life, with people awakened or torn from their thoughts. Next his eyes very definitely fixed themselves on mine and the pupils focused themselves. I was not, then, dealing with the sort of vague dull look without any expression, that can be observed any day in dying people to whom one speaks: I was dealing with undeniably living eyes which were looking at me. After several seconds, the eyelids closed again . It was at that point that I called out again and, once more, without any spasm, slowly, the eyelids lifted and undeniably living eyes fixed themselves on mine with perhaps even more penetration than the first time. Then there was a further closing of the eyelids, but now less complete. I attempted the effect of a third call; there was no further movement & the eyes took on the glazed look which they have in the dead.

•France built a huge army & pushed back its enemies.

•National Convention guillotined Robespierre in 1794.

•Middle class took over & reduce power of CPS. They set up

new Constitution of 1795 w/ a new leg assembly of 2 houses.

New govt had 5 directors act as executive committee & was called DIRECTORY. Very Corrupt

governments

Legislative Assembly

Estates General

National Assembly

National Convention

Ruling body of France est by French Republic in

1792

Governmental body est by Constitution of 1791 to

make laws

Body est by the 3rd Estate to draft

Constitution of 1791

Formal deputies from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd

estates

NAPOLEON Dynamite

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

Napoleon led COUP DE TAT (or sudden overthrow) in 1799 of Directory

•Set up new govt called CONSULATE so Nap controls army, foreign affairs & legislature He crowns self Emperor in 1804, but

called France a republic

•Made agreement w/ Catholic church where he recognized it as church of France & in return pope did not ask for stolen lands back.

•The Napoleonic Code created 7 codes of law.

•CIVIL CODE most important. – equality of citizens, religious toleration,

abolish serfdom, choose profession. (ideas of liberty)

Despotism: 1. hurt women’s rights &

divorce. 2. Censored newspapers, govt

opened mail3. New nobles mostly military &

middle class. 4. Secret police

•DO NOT WRITE!!!!•When Nap became Consul, he signed peace

•War begins again in 1803 •Btw 1805-1807, Nap beats Aus, Prus, & Rus armies.

•Built GRAND EMPIRE btw 1807-1812 which included Fr & Italy, Holland, Swiss Republic, SP, Rhine Confederation & Warsaw

DON”T WRITE!!!!•Nap tries to invade GB,

butloses • Tries to block Brit trade &

weaken them through CONTINENTAL SYSTEM

(can’t buy Br goods)•Others ignore it

Napoleons Accomplish-ments

•Invades Russia in 1812•Grand Army of 600,000 march in.

• Rus army retreats 100s of miles, burning own villages as, so French can’t

get supplies.

•Find Moscow in flames in Winter. Nap retreats & only 40,000 men live.

NAPOLEON RETREATS

Stop throwing snowballs

at my men!

•DO NOT WRITE!!!•Nations rise against a

weakened France.• Paris taken in Mar 1814 • Napoleon exiled to Elba & monarchy restored• Louis XVIII weak.•Nap escapes & troops join his

side despite being sent to capture him

• Don’t write!!! • “Soldiers of the 5th regiment, I am

your Emperor ….If there is a man among you who would kill his emperor, here I am”,

• With troops on his side claims self emperor again & goes to Paris Mar 20, 1815.

• Nations (Br, Pru, )rise again to get rid of Nap

At Battle of Waterloo in Belgium, combined Br & Pru forces under Duke Wellington deafeat him on June 18th, 1815 & exiled to St Helena (dies there)

• The Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon and the Coronation of The Empress Josephine (Jacque-Louis David 1806) 20 by 32 feet

• Hired by Napoleon. David made “changes” to what happened. Shows him crowning his wife, made her younger & prettier & added Napoleon’s mother who did not come

• Maniac ravings or Little Boney in a Striog fit. James Gillray• Gilray, Brit cartoonist. Scattered on florr are documents from his

desk (List of Future Conquests & Plan for invading Britain)• Brits saw him as power hungry, maybe insane, a tyrant.• What does name tell you?

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otnADq4Y0-A

• napoleon

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gC00avITj0

Groups of 2-3 (do all on back on Dec paper)1. Decide how rights of an individual (man)

differ from rights of a citizen (write it down)2. Draw a chart Come up with 3 rights each! (using your descriptions)3. Compare with the real Dec of Rights of Man.

What is similar? Different?4. What are the TOP 3 most important in your

opinion? Why?5. Last, follow directions at top of Dec of

Rights handout! Note where you see the beliefs of the philosophes as well! Name drop!

Rights of Man Rights of Citizen

life right to vote

Get in groups of 41. One person represents the 1st Estate,

1 the 2nd Estate& 2 the Third Estate (1 peasant, 1 Bourgeoisie)

2. Together, fill out notes on the meeting what each estate would want at this meeting to create a new constitution (for ex: voting right: who would get to vote)

3. Now, create a an outline for a new constitution. (fill out the outline sheet)

Let’s see how close you got to the ideas of the philosophes!

Write a Poe-like story about the Reign of Terror! Use your knowledge (& notes) of this terrible time period & write as story as someone or something that lived/died during this time!

Keep in mind some Poe-like elements a narrator death revenge Mood tone Vague setting Trying to convince the reader you are not crazy!