the french revolution
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The French Revolution. Political Causes. Absolutism - French Kings ruled with absolute power. The Enlightenment - The Philosophers of the Enlightenment promoted democracy and wrote about the abuses of French Kings. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The French Revolution
Political Causes
• Absolutism - French Kings ruled with absolute power.
• The Enlightenment - The Philosophers of the Enlightenment promoted democracy and wrote about the abuses of French Kings.
• The success of the Puritan and American Revolutions inspired the French to challenge the king.
Social Causes
• The First and Second Estates had rights and privileges denied to the Third Estate.
• A rigid class system created inequality.• The rise of the Bourgeoisie:1. The wealthy and educated middle class
resented their status.2. The Bourgeoisie became the leaders of the
revolution.
Economic Causes
• Taxation - The First and Second Estate did not pay taxes.
• Bad Harvests - led to severe food shortages.• France was bankrupt.
Louis XVI
• Reigned from 1774 to 1793.
• A financial crisis forced Louis to call a meeting of the Estates General.
Marie Antoinette
• Marie Antoinette was the daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria.
• Her marriage to Louis served to seal an alliance between France and the Hapsburgs.
The Hamlet
• The Hamlet was built by Marie Antoinette at Versailles.
• At the Hamlet Marie Antoinette could play-act the role of a peasant.
The Third Estate
• At the meeting of the Estates General the Third Estate demands a more democratic National Assembly.
• Louis rejects their demands and locls them out.
The Tennis Court Oath
• The Third Estate reconvenes on a tennis court.
• The Third Estate vows to stay together until a constitution is created.
The Bastille
• On July 14, 1789 a mob storms and captures the Bastille.
• The old regime ends and the French Revolution has begun.
The National Assembly
• The National Assembly is created.
• Temporary Gov’t.• Suspends the
privileges of the 1st and 2nd estates.
• A constitution is written with a limited monarchy.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
• The National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
• Guaranteed all men: Were born free and
with equal rights, liberty, property, and security.
Political Groups
• Girondins were the moderates.
• Supported a Limited monarchy.
• Jacobins were the radicals.
• Favored a republic.
The Flight to Varennes
• On June 20, 1791 Louis and his family attempt to flee France.
• Louis was caught and returned to Paris on June 25, 1791.
The Execution of Louis XVI
• Neighboring countries invade France.
• Believing Louis conspired with the invasion and fearing a return to absolutism Louis is executed on January 21, 1793.
Life, Liberty, and Fraternity
• Life• Liberty• Fraternity became the rallying cry
of the French Revolution.
Maximilien Robespierre
• Robespierre became a powerful force within the Jacobins.
• Robespierre’s and the Jacobins controlled France during The Terror.
• The Jacobins formed The Committee of Public Safety
The Terror
• The Committee of Public Safety virtually governed France for a year.
• During this time anyone suspected of being disloyal to the revolution were hunted down, tried, and executed.
Marie Antoinette
• Marie Antoinette was accused of conspiring with Austria to overthrow the revolution.
• She was found guilty of treason and guillotined in October 1793.
The Terror
• In fear for their own lives members of the Committee eventually turn against Robespierre and he is guillotined in July 1794.
The Directory1795-1799
• After the death the Jacobins are overthrown.
• Moderates again control France.
• France recieves a new government called The Directory.
Results of the French Revolution
• Democratic ideals of: Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
• Nationalism• Influenced other people to seek democratic
governments.