the future of the us program pier oddone symposium for the 30 th anniversary celebration of the...
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The Future of the US programThe Future of the US program
Pier Oddone
Symposium for the 30th anniversary celebration of the US/Japan
Agreement on High Energy Physics
October 21st, 2010
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Drivers for the programDrivers for the program
Drivers for the US program are simple and universal: the quest to solve the profound mysteries that surround us
The ability to bring together the teams to solve these mysteries:
The next generation of accelerators The next generation of detector technology New simulation, computation and analysis techniques
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010 22
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The triumphs …………………..The triumphs …………………..
The present theory is a remarkable intellectual construction
Every particle experiment ever done fits in the framework
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010
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…………………………. and the mysteries. and the mysteries
Mystery one: why are we here? From what we learned we should be a soup of photons!!!
Matter and antimatter annihilation.
We need to violate symmetry!
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010
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Is it quarks? neutrinos? higgses?Is it quarks? neutrinos? higgses?
The B factories asymmetries in quark sector are too small
Use as substrate to understand the presence of new interactions
Super B – factories in Japan (and Italy?)
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Is it quarks? neutrinos? higgses? Is it quarks? neutrinos? higgses?
Quark sector also studied at Tevatron and LHCb
Are we starting to see “anomalous” CP violation in Bs decays?
To be followed up with Tevatron extension, LHCb, and Super-B factories
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BX
X
0B0B
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Is it neutrinos? Is it neutrinos?
Leptogenesis is an attractive alternative
Requires CP violation in heavy neutrino sector
We are far from understanding neutrinos, their masses, mixings, and CP violation
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010 77
Detector
e+
–
Detector
e–+
+
–
“ e ”
e
Is P( e) P( e)?
Matter
CP
Antimatter
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Project X
Neutrino physicsMuon physicsKaon physics
Nuclear physics
Project X
Neutrino physicsMuon physicsKaon physics
Nuclear physics
RemoveAccelerators from Cockroft-Walton though Booster and Booster neutrino.
All the green onesincluding MuCOOL stay
Is it neutrinos?Is it neutrinos?Ultimate GoalUltimate Goal
multi MW beamlarge detector (a few 100 kton)
long distance (> 1,200 km)
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Japan/US, 2010
Project X provides:neutrinos
muonskaons nuclei
“simultaneously”
2 MW (60-120 GeV)
2 MW (60-120 GeV)1300 km1300 km
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Neutrinossince 2013:
NOvA, MINERvAMicroBooNE
810 km 700 kW
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Japan/US, 2010
Is it neutrinos?Is it neutrinos?Intermediate StepsIntermediate Steps
NOvA (off-axis)MINERvASeaQuest
MicroBooNE (LAr TPC)
NOvA
SeaQuest
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More surprises in neutrinos ?More surprises in neutrinos ?
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Is it neutrinos?Is it neutrinos?
The attack on neutrino parameters is broad:
Fermilab (MINOS, MINERvA, MiniBooNE and MicroBooNE, NOvA, LBNE) and JPARC beams (T2K, HyperK): different baselines, different energies
Reactor experiments: Double Chooz and Daya Bay Neutrino-less double B decay: Majorana and EXO New technologies: scale up of liquid argon TPCs to
many kilotons R&D on neutrino factory
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Or from higgses?Or from higgses?
From decays of Higgs at future lepton colliders discover a new source of CP violation (e.g. angular correlations to specific decays)
Solves the mystery of why matter dominates over antimatter
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…………………………. and the mysteries. and the mysteries
Mystery two: what gives mass to elementary particles?
Mass of composite particles understood E=mc2.
But the theory has zero masses for quarks and leptons. What breaks the symmetry?
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010
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…………………………. and the mysteries. and the mysteries
Mystery three: are there extra dimensions of space as string theories require to make sense of gravity ?
Mystery four: are there new symmetries (such as supersymmetry or SUSY)
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010
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HiggsHiggs
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Continuing attack at the TevatronContinuing attack at the Tevatron
CDF Detector at the TevatronD0 Detector at the Tevatron
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1717CMSPier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010
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ATLAS muon detectorsATLAS muon detectors
1818Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010ATLAS
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Higgs searchesHiggs searches
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010 1919
For very light Higgs, Tevatron is competitive through 2014 in the principal decay mode to the b-bbar – LHC needs about 30 fb-1 to get results for b-bbar mode
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Biggest decision of the decade !Biggest decision of the decade !
By far the easiest!A global program
LHC Results
ILC Enough
ILC not enough
CLIC
Muon collider
or
or
2020Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010
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…………………………. and the mysteries. and the mysteries
Mystery five: why are there three families of quarks and leptons?
The 18 parameters of the Standard Model: you would not be here without them
The whole issue of flavor and the couplings to what lies beyond is one of the deepest puzzles
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010
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Interplay: LHC Intensity Interplay: LHC Intensity
LHC
nothing
Lots
Intensity Frontier
Only handle on the next energy scale
Determine/verifystructure of new physics. Anything beyond?
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Example: early discovery at LHCExample: early discovery at LHC
ATLAS discovers strongly coupled SUSY
A host of new particles: fit roughly some masses, make assumption on couplings
˜ q
˜ g
dark matter candidate 01
01
~
~
Missing ET
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Large effects in kaon decay ratesLarge effects in kaon decay rates
d dW
Z
quarks
dd
WW
s d quarkss
lepts
d
d d
squarks
dd
s d squarkss
slepts
d
SM: L
BSM: L
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For particular classes of SUSYFor particular classes of SUSY
Large effect on rare K decay modes highly suppressed with SM particles
Much higher SM backgrounds in B and C decays
]4[]3[00
]2[151051
]1[
10
)CL %90( 670 04.0280
731 070850 )(
Experiment (SM)Theory
)10( Ratio Branching Decay
.K
...K
L
..-
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A new (g-2) to uncertainty 0.14A new (g-2) to uncertainty 0.14**1010--
1111
Model
UED
LHC
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Mu2eMu2e
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Mu2e can probe 10Mu2e can probe 1033 – 10 – 104 4 TeVTeV
Compositeness
SUSY
Model Parameter
New PhysicsScale (TeV)
MEG Experiment
with Project X
pre-Project X
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…………………………. and the mysteries. and the mysteries
Mystery six: what is dark matter
It is everywhere, it is five times more abundant than matter.
We have strong suspicions of what it is Galaxies are spinning too fast to be
held together by gravity of the stars
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010
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The search for dark matterThe search for dark matter
COUPP (2010)
COUPP
CDMS
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The search for dark matterThe search for dark matter
Next generation prototypes with noble liquids: 1) depleted liquid argon and 2) xenon
However, most of the effort is going to the detection of WIMPS, whereas dark matter could be quite different: axions at one end or super-massive particles at the other
For direct detection eventually scale one or two technologies to the ton scale
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CDMS
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…………………………. and the mysteries. and the mysteries
Mystery seven: what is dark energy? Not a clue!
Accelerates the expansion of the Universe!
Contains three times more energy than dark matter.
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010
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Dark EnergyDark Energy1. SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey)
Ranks as highest impact facility in astronomy for the 4rd year in a row.
Baryon acoustic oscillations
2. DES (Dark Energy Survey) 4 meter telescope in Chile DES Camera under construction Operation: 2011 – 2016
3. LSST Important DOE role DOE/NSF collaboration
SDSS
DES
JDEM
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Collaborative efforts at FermilabCollaborative efforts at Fermilab
International
collaborations
for our programs
27 countries
16 countries 23 countries
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Towards a unified picture….Towards a unified picture….
Is there an underlying simplicity?
Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010Pier Oddone, 30th Anniversay Japan/US, 2010