the gamification of accessibility
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The Gamification of Accessibility. Greg Kraus University IT Accessibility Coordinator NC State University. Gamification. Gamification [n]: the use of game design elements in non-game contexts. Accessibility is Not a Game. It’s a human right It’s should just be part of their job - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Gamification of Accessibility
Greg KrausUniversity IT Accessibility Coordinator
NC State University
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Gamification
• Gamification [n]: the use of game design elements in non-game contexts
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Accessibility is Not a Game
• It’s a human right• It’s should just be part of their job• People might get addicted to the game
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
We’re Not Talking About Wheelchairs with Lasers
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
I Never Set Out To Make A Game
• Guiding Principles– It takes practice to become an accessible Web
developer– I am competing in a marketplace for people's
attention
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Aristotle
• “If you want to become a major league baseball player, you cannot simply wake up one day and declare your self a baseball player, capable of hitting a curve ball. You must become habituated in the ways of being a baseball player through a lifetime of practice.”
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
How to Learn To Be a Major League Baseball Player
1. Start easy2. Gradually build skill over time3. Learn to see patterns and know how to react4. Reactions become intuitive and natural5. Practice
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Competing in a Marketplace of Demands
• Prioritizations– “Keeping the lights on”• Production services to run and maintain
– Security and Compliance• This impacts everyone, not just “those people”
• As important as you think you are, you’re not seen that way by campus
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Gaming Principles
• A good game…– Lets everyone play, regardless of skill level– Lets you improve skills over time– Gives you instant feedback
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Make a Game Everyone Can Play
10
11
32
1
4
6
9
57
8
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Accessibility is Not Fun
• But…– Solving a problem is fun– Seeing how you have improved and grown is fun– Admit it … winning is fun
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
This is What WCAG 2 Looks Like
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This is What They Want
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Make a Game Everyone Can Play
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Mario Didn’t Save the Princess in World 1-1
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Prioritization
• 4 = fatal error, user cannot interact at all with the element
• 3 = significant error, user can only partially recover or it causes a significant hardship
• 2 = significant error, but user can usually mostly, if not fully recover
• 1 = minor annoyance• 0 = usually can ignore
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Level 4
• Missing alternative text• Unlabeled form element• No keyboard event for an equivalent mouse
event
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Level 3
• A form control has more than one label• Page auto refreshes• No skip to main content link
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Level 2
• Spacer image does not have an alt attribute• Pages have unique titles and don’t say
“Untitled Document”
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Level 1
• Invalid code• Heading levels are skipped• No titles for frames
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Level 0
• Using absolute font sizes• No alternative content for iframes
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Demonstrate System
• http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan/
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
When Do People Use The System?
• Available 24/7 year round• Contests– NC State 2013 World Usability Day Website
Challenge (October-November)– NC State Global Accessibility Awareness Day
Website Challenge (April-May)
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
The Sales Pitch
“You have 28,000 accessibility errors across 8000 pages. Your site ranks 371 out of 385. You are in the bottom 10% of all categories. Can you fix these in the next 2 weeks? Oh, and you’ve had these problems for the past 2 years.”
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
The Results
• Corrected 27,500 errors• 40 out of 385• Top 5% in all categories
“I’m co-opting your employees for my own agenda”
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Weighted Errors Corrected
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
642
190,311
88,029
19,641 3,111 0
431,227
138,294179,441
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Weighted Errors Corrected With Contests
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
642
190,311
88,029
19,641 3,111 0
431,227
138,294179,441
16,82950,488
97,879
179,441
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
What We’ve Done So Far
• 413 Sites• 110,000 Pages• 1,050,000 Weighted Accessibility Errors
Corrected
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Number of Sites
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov300
320
340
360
380
400
420
316
329
382
394 398 400 401408 412 413
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Being a Good Gamemaster
• You can always make your game better– More frequent scanning– Historical rankings– Graphical and contextual view (WAVE)
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Tools and Resources Developed
• Web Accessibility Handbook– go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-handbook
• Readability Bookmarklet– go.ncsu.edu/readability
• Color Contrast Analyzer for Chrome– go.ncsu.edu/color-contrast-chrome
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Behind the Scenes
SortSite• Runs on old Win 7 box• Scripted through
desktop scripting app• Checks for new
requests every 20 seconds
WAVE• Runs on extra
Macmini with MAMP
Server• cPanel (Apache and
MySQL)• Data storage• Assign site ownership
Google Drive• Spreadsheet lists
all sites to be scanned
User Interface• PHP/MySQL
1
1/23 4
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Key Elements That Make This Work
• Anonymity, to a degree• Doing part of the work for them– Setting up the scanner?– Doing the scan for them?
• Giving guidance on what is important• Giving immediate feedback on how to fix it
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
The Limits of Gaming
• Automated scans only get you so far– Cannot test for everything
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Automated Tests are Only So Good
alt="N.C. Sen. Daniel Blue Jr. (left) and N.C. Speaker of the House Thom Tillis were among those paying tribute to former N.C. Speaker of the House Harold Brubaker (center)."
The ALT text of this image mentions a color, which isn't useful for blind users.
@gdkraus go.ncsu.edu/accessibility-scan
Future Developments
• Receive bonus points for performing manual checks
• Get points for both– Testing if the onscreen focus is always visible– Fixing the onscreen focus problem if it exists
• Artificial intelligence techniques– Determine if you have an appropriate number of
headings