Junkyung YouJi Won ParkTaehoon Oh

W. E. B. DuBois (1868 ~ 1963) - Concept of Pan-Negroism (first enunciated : 1897)

Henry Sylvester-Williams(1869 ~ 1911) Founder of the Pan-African Association (1897)

The London Pan-African Conference of 1900(first use of the word Pan-African)

- The African Association (1897)

- Henry Sylvester-Willams- Later became the Pan-African Association in 1900- London Pan-African Conference in 1900

- Practical expiration of the Pan-African Association in 1901 (premature attempt) - Pan-African movements were held throughout the whole world although the Pan-African Association became obsolete

- Influenced future Pan-African organizations

Pan-Africanism: a tendency to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single “race” and sharing cultural unity (Book)

“George Washington was not god Almighty. He was a man like any Negro in this building … I prefer to die at this moment rather than not to work for the freedom of Africa.”

-Marcus Garvey (1887 ~ 1940)

- William Padmore (1903 ~ 1959)

- Europeans drew borders according to their need of profit after colonizing Africa

- Sense of Unification among numerous African tribes

- Direct contrast with Social Darwinism

Nationalism = commitment to building up the nation as a central part of the identity of the citizen and as a powerful force

“Identity” Negritude, Sense of ownership“Powerful force” African Independence

Notion of Africa as a Whole

Political boundaries imposed by Europeansregardless of African tribal boundaries

The philosophies of Pan-Africanism brought about…

Aborigines' Rights Protection Society in the Gold Coast (Founded 1897)

African National Congress in South Africa (Founded 1912)

National Congress of West Africa (Founded 1920)

Decolonialism

PAN-AFRICANISM

Pan African Association-didn’t continue for a long time and indirect contribute to independence

Religion, largely Islam

African superiority, direct rebuttal to social darwinism

INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Indian National Congress- continue for a long time and contribute to independence

Religious disputes

Preservation of traditional culture

Philosophy made way for nationalism (led to decolonization)

Different cultures and distinct traditions, attempt for unity

If Europeans had divided borders according to tribal boundaries, would Pan-Africanism have been delayed?

Investigate the symbolism within the Pan-African flag. Relate it to factors of Pan-Africanism

How much of an impact did Pan-Africanism have on political independence of Africa? Account for heated rivalry between European states eventually leading to African independence.

Analyze the contradictory aspect of Pan-African philosophy. Was it just for W.E.B. Du Bois to argue for racial superiority of Africans? <Refer to picture, analysis of his life and philosophical stance>