HistoryThe Great Deaf

Making byAKS ( Deafywood )

The world's first free school for the deaf

Institute National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris (INJS) is the current name of the famous school for the Deaf founded by Charles-Michel de l'Épée in 1760 in Paris, France. (The date of the beginning of the school is often given as 1755, but that is incorrect.) After the death of Pare Venin in 1759, the Abbes de l'Épée was introduced to two deaf girls who were in need of a new instructor. The school began in 1760 and shortly thereafter was opened to the public and became the world's first free school for the deaf. It was originally located in a house at 14 rue des Mullins, butte Saint-Roch, near the Louvre in Paris. On July 29, 1791, the French legislature approved government funding for the school and it was renamed: "Institution National des Sourds-Muts à Paris.

Father of the DeafCharles-Michel de l'Épée (born November 25, 1712, Versailles; died December 23, 1789, Paris) was a philanthropic educator of 18th century France who has become known as the "Father of the Deaf".

First DEAFErastus "Deaf" Smith (April 19, 1787– November 30, 1837) was an American frontiersman noted for his part in the Texas Revolution and the army of the Republic of Texas. He fought at the Grass Fight and the Battle of San Jacinto. After the war, Deaf Smith led a company of Texas Rangers. Smith was born in Dutchess County, New York. He was the son of Chilab and Mary Smith. In 1798, his family moved to near Natchez, Mississippi, where the Grand Gulf Nuclear Generating Station is currently located. He came to Texas in 1821 for health reasons but returned to Natchez in 1822. His health apparently recovered except for a partial loss of hearing, hence the nickname "Deaf" Smith, pronounced "Deef Smith." Smith, also known as "El Sordo," appeared in many areas of Mexican Texas and was in most significant actions related to development of the region both under Mexico and during evolution of independence. At San Jose Mission, he introduced a fine stock of Muley cattle from Louisiana to the San Antonio area, where the Longhorn breed was previously popular. He used San Antonio de Bexar as a base. Smith's family lived at the southwest corner of Presa and Nueva Streets in San Antonio de Bexar.

Juan Pablo Bonet (1573-1633) was a Spanish priest and pioneer of education for the deaf. He published the first book on deaf education in 1620 in Madrid.

The recorded history of sign language began in 17th Century in Spain, in part with Bonet. In 1620, Juan Pablo Bonet  Summary of the letters and the art of teaching speech to the mute") in Madrid. Considered the first modern treaty of phonetics of signed language and the use of signed language to teach speech to the deaf, this book depicted Bonet's form of a manual alphabet. His intent was to further the oral and manual education of deaf people in Spain.

First Sign Language

Ludwig van Beethoven 17 December 1770 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and  eras in Western art music,he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers.

Loss of hearingAround 1796, by the age of 26, Beethoven began to lose his hearing. He suffered from a severe form of tinnitus, a "ringing" in his ears that made it hard for him to hear music; he also avoided conversation. The cause of Beethoven's deafness is unknown, but it has variously been attributed to typhus, auto-immune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus), and even his habit of immersing his head in cold water to stay awake. The explanation from Beethoven's autopsy was that he had a "distended inner ear," which developed lesions over time

Pianist

First LightThomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" (now Edison, New Jersey) by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large teamwork to the process of invention, and therefore is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.

He was test bulb 25000 time failed after won

First Practical Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone.Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first US patentfor the telephone in 1876.In retrospect,Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study

First Deaf and BlindHelen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was an American author, political activist, and lecturer. She was the first deaf blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree. The story of how Keller's teacher, Anne Sullivan, broke through the isolation imposed by a near complete lack of language, allowing the girl to blossom as she learned to communicate, has become widely known through the dramatic depictions of the play.

First Bookbinder and UpholstererBorn in 1747 in the Touraine region of France, Pierre Desloges moved to Paris as a young man, where he became a bookbinder and upholsterer. He was deafened at age seven from smallpox, but did not learn to sign until he was twenty-seven, when he was taught by a deaf Italian

World Famous SculptorDouglas Tilden (May 1, 1860 to August 5, 1935) was a world-famous sculptor. Tilden was deaf and attended the California School for the Deaf in Berkeley, California (now in Fremont, California).Tilden became deaf at the age of four after a severe bout of scarlet fever.[2] After graduating from the CA School for the Deaf, he went on to attend UC Berkeley,but then left to study art in Paris. Once in Paris, Tilden studied under Paul Chopin, another deaf sculptor. He made many statues that sit in San Francisco, Berkeley, and the San Francisco Bay Area.

First Nun catholicTeresa de Cartagena (c.1425–) was a Spanish author and nun who fell deaf between 1453–1459, which influenced her two known works (Grove of the Infirm) and (Wonder at the Works of God). The latter work represents what many critics consider as the first feminist tract written by a Spanish woman

First Deaf ActorLon Chaney (April 1, 1883 – August 26, 1930) was an American actor during the age of silent films. He is regarded as one of the most versatile and powerful actors of early cinema, renowned for his characterizations of tortured, often grotesque and afflicted characters, and his groundbreaking artistry with makeup. Chaney is known for his starring roles in such silent horror films as The Hunchback of Notre Dame and The Phantom of the Opera. His ability to transform himself using makeup techniques he developed earned him the nickname "The Man of a Thousand Faces."

First Deaf ActressLouise Fletcher (born July 22, 1934) is an American actress best known for her role as Nurse Ratched in One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and as Kai Winn Adami in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. She also guest starred on the science fiction television series Heroes. She also received Emmy nominations for her guest starring roles in Picket Fences and Joan of Arcadia.

Electrical MachineEdward Miner Gallaudet (February 5, 1837– September 26, 1917), son of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Sophia Fowler Gallaudet, was a famous early educator of the deaf in Washington, DC. As a youth, he enjoyed working with tools and also built an "electrical machine." He kept birds, fowl and rabbits, spending most of his time in the city, but also occasionally venturing into the country. He had a fond memory of climbing a hill with his father, and another fond memory of his father introducing the subject of geometry to him. His father died when he was 14, just after he graduated from Hartford High School. He then went to work at a bank for three years. He didn't like the "narrowing effect" of the mental monotony of the work, and he quit to go to work as a teacher at the school his father founded. He worked there two years, from 1855 to 1857. While he was teaching, he continued his education at Trinity College in Hartford, completing his studies for a bachelor of science degree two years later.

First Federal JudgeWilliam Homer Thornberry (January 9, 1909 - December 12, 1995) was a United States Representative from the 10th congressional district of Texas from 1948 to 1963, and then was a federal judge

PoliticianMojo Mathers (born 23 November 1966) is a New Zealand politician and a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives. She became known through her involvement with the Malvern Hills Protection Society and helped prevent the Central Plains Water Trust's proposal to build a large irrigation dam in Coalgate. She has been a senior policy advisor to the Green Party since 2006 and has stood for the party in the last three general elections. Her candidacy for the 2011 election created significant media interest due to her high placing on the Green Party's list. Mathers was elected to the 50th term of Parliament, becoming the country's first deaf Member of Parliament.

FilmmakerLuis Buñuel Portolés (Spanish pronunciation: 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish-bornfilmmaker who worked in Spain, Mexico, France and the United States.

Complex numberOliver Heaviside (18 May 1850 – 3 February 1925) was a self-taught Englishelectrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, invented mathematical techniques to the solution of differential equations (later found to be equivalent To Laplace transforms), reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of mathematics and science for years to come.

AstronomerHenrietta Swan Leavitt (July 4, 1868 – December 12, 1921) was an American astronomer. A graduate of Radcliffe College, Leavitt went to work in 1893 at the Harvard College Observatory in a menial capacity as a "computer", assigned to count images on photographic plates. Study of the plates led Leavitt to propound a groundbreaking theory, worked out while she labored as a $10.50-a-week assistant, that made possible the pivotal discoveries of astronomer Edwin Hubble. Leavitt's formulation of the period-luminosity relationship ofCepheid variable stars provided the foundation for a paradigm shift in modern astronomy, an accomplishment for which she received almost no recognition during her lifetime.

NovelHarold MacGrath (September 4, 1871 - October 30, 1932) was a bestselling American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter. Also known occasionally as Harold McGrath, he was born in Syracuse, New York. As a young man, he worked as a reporter and columnist on the Syracuse Herald newspaper until the late 1890s when he published his first novel, a romance titled Arms and the Woman. According to the New York Times, his next book, The Puppet Crown, was the No.7 bestselling book in the United States for all of 1901. From that point on, McGrath never looked back, writing novels for the mass market about love, adventure, mystery, spies, and the like at an average rate of more than one a year. He would have three more of his books that were among the top ten bestselling books of the year. At the same time, he penned a number of short stories for major American magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post, Ladies Home Journal, and Red Book magazine. Several of McGrath's novels were serialized in these magazines and contributing to them was something he would continue to do until his death in 1932

First Deaf Prime MinisterSir William "Billy" McMahon (23 February 1908 – 31 March 1988), was an Australian Liberal politician and the 20th Prime Minister of Australia. He was the longest continuously serving government minister in Australian history (21 years and 6 months) and the longest serving Prime Minister never to have won an election.

First Deaf DoctorWe are aware that we have many more “first” Deaf doctors, scientists, etc in the history. Please feel free to provide the name of Deaf people so we can keep Deaf history alive. Enjoy reading. After graduating in 1983, Dr. Pachciarz was chief resident in pathology for five years. She completed a fellowship in transfusion medicine and blood banking, and was laboratory director of a small county laboratory. She is currently a hospital pathologist and director of the blood transfusion service at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science in Los Angeles.

First Deaf PhysiciansWhen Zazove received his M.D. in 1978, he became one of the first deaf physicians in the United States. He then completed a residency in Family Practice at the University of Utah and hung out his shingle. After eight successful years in private practice, he accepted a position at the University of Michigan Medical School

First Deaf Double star measuresRobert Grant Aitken (December 31, 1864 – October 29, 1951) was an American astronomer. Born in Jackson, California, he attended Williams College in Massachusetts and graduated with an undergraduate degree in 1887. From 1887–1891, he worked as a mathematics instructor at Livermore, California, then received his M.A. from Williams College in 1892. He became a professor of mathematics at the College of the Pacific, another liberal arts school. He was offered an assistant astronomer position at Lick Observatory in California in 1895.

He discovered 3,000 double star system. He wrote “Double Star Measures”. A crater on the moon is named after him.

First barometers and thermometers.Guillaume Amontons (31 August 1663 – 11 October 1705) was a French scientific instrument inventor and physicist. He was one of the pioneers in tribology, along with Leonardo da Vinci, John Theophilus Desaguliers, Leonard Euler and Charles-Augustin de Coulomb.

One of the first scientists to study absolute temperature. He developed some of the first barometers and thermometers.

First Deaf AnthropologistRuth Benedict (born Ruth Fulton, June 5, 1887 – September 17, 1948) was an American anthropologist, cultural relativist, and folklorist. She was born in New York City, and attended Vassar College, graduating in 1909. She entered graduate studies at Columbia University in 1919, studying under Franz Boas, receiving her PhD and joining the faculty in 1923. Margaret Mead, with whom she may have shared a romantic relationship and Marvin Opler were among her students and colleagues.

Charles Bonnet (March 13, 1720 – May 20, 1793), Swiss naturalist and philosophical writer, was born at Geneva, of a French family driven into Switzerland by the religious persecution in the 16th century. Bonnet's life was uneventful. He seems never to have left Switzerland, nor does he appear to have taken any part in public affairs except for the period between 1752 and 1768, during which he was a member of the council of the republic. The last twenty five years of his life he spent quietly in the country, at Genthod, near Geneva, where he died after a long and painful illness on 20 May 1793. His wife was a lady of the family of De la Rive. They had no children, but Madame Bonnet's nephew, the celebrated Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, was brought up as their son.

First Deaf Natural history

Annie Jump Cannon (December 11, 1863 – April 13, 1941) was an American astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification. With Edward C. Pickering, she is credited with the creation of the Harvard Classification Scheme, which was the first serious attempt to organize and classify stars based on their temperatures.

Astronomer

Caption: Anders Ekeberg. Portrait of Anders Gustaf Ekeberg, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (1767-1813). Ekeberg became a full professor at Uppsala in 1794 and was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Around 1795 he began investigating yttrium, a newly discovered heavy metal and found that it contained another unknown heavy metal which he called tantalum. He introduced the theories of Lavoisier into Sweden, and had the distinction of being the teacher of the composer Berzelius

Swedish Chemist

Sir John Ambrose Fleming FRS (29 November 1849 – 18 April 1945) was an English electrical engineer and physicist. He is known for inventing the first thermionic valve or vacuum tube, the diode, then called the kenotron in 1904.  He is also famous for the left hand rule (for electric motors).  He was born the eldest of seven children of James Fleming DD (died 1879), a Congregational minister, and his wife, Mary Ann, at Lancaster, Lancashire and baptized on 11 February 1850. He was a devout Christian and preached on one occasion at St Martin-in-the-Fields in London on the topic of evidence for the resurrection. In 1932, along with Douglas Dewar and Bernard Acworth, he helped establish the Evolution Protest Movement. Having no children, he bequeathed much of his estate to Christian charities, especially those that helped the poor. He was an accomplished photographer and, in addition, he painted watercolours and enjoyed climbing in the Alps.

British Electrical Scientist

Thomas Meehan (21 March 1826 Potters Bar, which was in Middlesex at the time and is now in Hertfordshire, England–19 November 1901), was a noted British-born nurseryman, botanist and author. He worked as a Kew gardener in 1846–1848, and thereafter he moved to Germantown in Philadelphia. He was the founder of Meehan’s Monthly (1891–1901) and editor of Gardener’s Monthly (1859–1888).Meehan grew up on the Isle of Wight. His interest in plants was sparked by his father, who was a gardener. He published his first botanical contribution at age fourteen, which led to his membership of the Wernernian Society. His knowledge and skills resulted in his securing a position at Kew Gardens from 1846 to 1848, where he was influenced by William Jackson Hooker.

American Botatanist

British AstronomerJohn Goodricke FRS (17 September 1764 – 20 April 1786) was an eminent and profoundly deaf amateur astronomer. He is best known for his observations of the variable star Algol (Beta Persei) in 1782. John Goodricke, named after his grandfather Sir John Goodricke (see Goodricke Baronets of Ribston Hall), was born in Groningen in the Netherlands, but lived most of his life in England. He was profoundly deaf through most of his life, due to scarlet fever in early childhood. His parents sent him to Thomas Braidwood's Academy, a school for deaf pupils in Edinburgh, and in 1778 to the Warrington Academy.

First Deaf Noble AwardCharles Jules Henry Nicolle (21 September 1866 Rouen - 28 February 1936 Tunis) was a French bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his identification of lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus. He learned about biology early from his father Eugène Nicolle, a doctor at a Rouen hospital. He was educated at the Lycée Pierre Corneille in Rouen[1] He received his M.D. in 1893 from the Pasteur Institute. At this point he returned to Rouen, as a member of the Medical Faculty until 1896 and then as Director of the Bacteriological Laboratory. In 1903 Nicolle became Director of the Pasteur Institute in Tunis, where he did his Nobel Prize-winning work on typhus. He was still director of the Institute when he died in 1936.

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (17 September [O.S. 5 September] 1857 – 19 September 1935) was an Imperial Russian and Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory. Along with his followers the German Hermann Oberth and the American Robert H. Goddard, he is considered to be one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics. His works later inspired leading Soviet rocket engineers such as Sergey Korolyov and Valentin Glushko and contributed to the success of the Soviet space program.

Russia Rocket pioneer

Helen Brooke Taussig (May 24, 1898 - May 20, 1986) was an American cardiologist, working in Baltimore and Boston, who founded the field of pediatric cardiology. Notably, she is credited with developing the concept for a procedure that would extend the lives of children born with Tetrology of Fallot (also known as blue baby syndrome). This concept was applied in practice as a procedure known as the Blalock-Taussig shunt. The procedure was developed by Dr. Alfred Blalock and Vivien Thomas, who were Taussig's colleagues at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

American Pediatric Cardiologist

FIRST DEAF ARMYKeith Nolan joined the Reserve Officers Training Corps about a year ago, where he has excelled in academic and field training. His superiors say he has all the makings of a model soldier. The problem is, the Army doesn’t accept deaf soldiers.

Former Northampton resident Keith Nolan has long dreamed of joining the Army. He’s not allowed to because he is deaf.

Nolan attended Northampton's former Clarke School for the Deaf, now called Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech, until 1994, when he moved to Maryland. His father, Kevin Nolan, was a guidance counselor and teacher at Clarke School for 21 years, and was a Ward 2 city councilor from 1986 to 1987. Now living in Waltham, he is believed to have been the first born-deaf person elected to public office in the country.

No find photo and Biography

1.George K. Andree, American Dentist He was one of first deaf persons to earn degree in the dental profession.

2.Raymond T. Atwood, American Bacteriologist. He focused on the production of vitamins and antibodies.

3.Kreigh B. Ayers, American Chemist He was one of first deaf chemists hired by Goodyear in World War I.

4.Donald L. Ballantyne, American Professor of Experimental Surgery (1922 –2012 present)He was known authority on transplantation techniques. He was first Deaf Professor of Experimental Surgery and Director of the Microsurgical Research and Training Laboratories.

5.Lewis H. Babbitt, American Herpetologist He was a curator for the Worcester Natural History Society. He traveled and gave lectures about reptiles at schools across the nation

6.Robert J. Farquharson, American Civil War Surgeon 1824 – 1884). He was appionted by Andrew Johnson as surgeon during the Civil War, Fourth Tennessee Infantry. He later founded the Academy of Sciences which he was President in Iowa.

7. Regina Olson Hughes, Scientific Illustrator 1895 – 1993) She illustrated many flower species that scientists collected from all over the world. She was only deaf artist to have solo exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution. She was honored by having two different new species named for her.

8.Donald J. Kidd, Canadian Geologist 1922 – 1966)He was first person to receive doctoral degree in Canada. He conducted research in geology. He was an instructor at Gallaudet College.

9.Leo Lesquereux, American Paleobotanist 1806 – 1889)He was one of great founders of fossil botany in North America. He classified and named fossils. He described over 900 species of mosses.

10.James H. Logan, American Microscopist 1843 – 1917)He acquired a patent for an improvement in the microscope. He donated some species to schools as well as Gallaudet College.

11.Gerald M. McCarthy, American Entomologist 1858 – 1915)He was state bontanist in NC until 1893. He built a laboratory to analyze the quality of drinking water

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