the great war
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The Great War. United States History. Key Vocabulary. Nationalism : Feeling of intense pride in one’s homeland Militarism: Aggressive build-up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations Propaganda : Information designed to influence opinion. Key Vocabulary (continued). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
United States History
THE GREAT WAR
Key Vocabulary Nationalism: Feeling of intense pride in
one’s homeland
Militarism: Aggressive build-up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations
Propaganda: Information designed to influence opinion
Key Vocabulary (continued)
No-man’s-land: Area between the trenches in trench warfare
Convoys: gathering merchant and troop transports in small groups and moving them together
Reparations: Monetary compensation for all of the war damage it had caused
Causes of War Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand June 1914
Ferdinand: Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne
Princip: Bosnian member of a Serbian nationalist group (Black Hand)
Archduke Franz Ferdinand (left) and Gavrilo Princip (right)
War Breaks Out! Alliances Triggered, Germany invades France
hoping to knock France out quick and avoid two front war Problem: Germany goes through neutral Belgium
and Britain had guaranteed Belgium neutrality Britain declares war on Germany Italy flips to Triple Entente
Central Powers: Triple Alliance + Ottoman Empire + Bulgaria
Where’s the US in all this? US trying to stay neutral,
though most backed Allied Forces (Entente) Government and Business
backed the British
May 7, 1915: Lusitania sunk by U-boat US viewed this as terrorist act
on women and children
Sussex Pledge (1916): Germany would stop using submarine warfare to keep US out of war
Zimmermann Telegram (January 1917)
Germany asked Mexico to become an ally in the war against the US and in return would get lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
Changed US Views on war US enters after
Germany begins sinking US ships with U-boats
An Overview of the Home Front
War Industries Board (WIB) Coordinate Production of War Materials
Victory Gardens Food Will Win The War—Don’t Waste It “Wheatless Mondays”, “Meatless
Tuesdays”, “Porkless Thursdays”
National War Labor Board (NWLB) Prevent disrupting war effort due to
strikes
Home Front (continued) Committee on Public
Information (CPI) “SELL” the war to the American
people Use song, art, and writing to urge
people to support war effort
Selective Service Draft system that required all
men aged 21 to 30 to register for the draft
A lottery system decided the order to be drafted
Home Front (continued) Great Migration: African American
workers moving north to work in factories with promises of high wages
Women join the workforce and go to war (mostly in clerical work or as nurses)
Espionage & Sedition Acts: illegal to aid the enemy, give false reports, or criticize the government
America’s Military By the numbers:
300,000 soldiers at start 2 million more volunteers 2.8 million men drafted 400,000 African-Am. Drafted 42,000 African-Am. in
combat Over 300,000 casualties
50,000 deaths from battle 200,000 wounded 60,000 deaths from disease
11,000 Women in Navy 20,000 Women in Army
Nursing Corps
New Technologies in WWI
The War Continues…but Russia Leaves
1917: Riots in Russia due to war, fuel shortages, and food
Czar abdicates (leaves) the throne and the Revolution begins
Vladimir Lenin (Bolshevik Party) overthrows the government and creates the communist rule Lenin pulls Russia out of war and
makes treaty with Germany
Treaty of Versailles Most important participants were the
“Big Four” President Wilson (US) Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Britain) Premier Georges Clemenceau (France) Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Russia not invited as Lenin’s gov’t not viewed
as legitimate
Germany greatly punished (lost land, troops, given massive reparations, had to take blame for causing the war)
Wilson’s Fourteen Points Basis of negotiations for Versailles
Three Key Points Free trade, free seas, disarmament, open
diplomacy National Self-Determination
Borders should be decided on ethnicity and national identity
Creation of the League of Nations Respect and protect one another’s territory and
independence
The New Map of Europe