world war i “the great war”
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World War I “The Great War”. 1914-1918. REVIEW!. MAIN Archduke Franz Ferdinand shot June 28 th , 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia a month later Russia defends Serbia Alliance system holds all out war. Two Front War. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
World War I“The Great War”
1914-1918
REVIEW!
• MAIN• Archduke Franz Ferdinand shot June 28th, 1914– Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia a month
later– Russia defends Serbia– Alliance system holds • all out war
Two Front War
• Germany, the real power of the Central Powers, wants to avoid a two front war
• Schlieffen Plan: beat France, then take on Russia
• Failstrench warfare
Bloody Stalemate
• Many on both sides thought war would end by Christmas
• Battle of the Marne (Sept. 1914): Pushes German offensive back
Key Battles
• Battle of Verdun: longest battle of War, French lost 550,000
• Battle of the Somme: consumed nearly 620,000 causalities in four months, tanks introduced
• Gallipoli Campaign: in the Balkans – intended to supply Russians, failed
USA HELP!!!!
• Allies desperate for US aid• US declares war on April 6th, 1917; joins allies• See ya Russians!– Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918
Don’t forget Japan…
• Originally join Allied Powers in 1914• Job: keep German fleet occupied in Pacific• Germany focuses on Europe; Japan scoops up
territory in Pacific…..– Think WWII???????
End of Fighting
• John J. Pershing, Commander of American Expeditionary Forces– Marshall Ferdinand Foch French commander
• 2nd Battle of the Marne (March 1918): Germans push to within 50 miles of Paris
• Battle of Chateau-ThierryUS troops save Paris• Allied Summer Offensive 1918– Battle of Argonne Forest, end of Central Powers
• November 11th, 1918 Cease-fire
“Bloodiest War in History”
• Allied causalities: – 5.1 million KIA– 12.8 million wounded– 4.1 million MIA
• Central Powers causalities:– 3.3 million KIA– 8.3 million wounded– 3.6 MIA
• Civilian causalities (famine, bombing, massacres, flu)– 14.7 million