The Greeks and The Greeks and the Persiansthe Persians

Conflict of CulturesConflict of Cultures

Hoplite SoldierHoplite Soldier

Schematic of Athens: Polis Site

Model of the Acropolis ca. 432 B.C.

Aerial view of the Acropolis, Athens

Athens, the AcropolisAthens, the Acropolis

The Greek Classical Orders

The Theater at the Acropolis

Persia and the Greeks

King Cyrus conquers Lydians (546 B.C.)

Revolt of Ionian Greeks (499 B.C.) Themistocles of Athens elected archon

(493-492 B.C.) Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.) Battles of Thermopylae and Salamis

(480 B.C.) Battle of Plataea (479 B.C.)

The Persian EmpireThe Persian Empire Empire of Medes and Persians founded Empire of Medes and Persians founded

by Cyrus the Great. by Cyrus the Great. (r. 550-530 B.C.) Great King rules through regional

governors called satraps (satrapy).– Required only taxes and soldiers

Conquest of Lydia in 546 B.C. first contact with Greeks– Croesus told “a great empire would fall.”

Cambeses (r. 530-522) conquers Eqypt

Ionian Revolt 499-494 B.C.Ionian Revolt 499-494 B.C. Darius I (r. 521-486 B.C.)Darius I (r. 521-486 B.C.)

– Moves capital to PersepolisMoves capital to Persepolis– Agrees to accept taxes in form best Agrees to accept taxes in form best

suited to territorysuited to territory– Ionian revolt results in destruction of Ionian revolt results in destruction of

Melitus in 494.Melitus in 494.– Darius vows to punish Greeks for helping Darius vows to punish Greeks for helping

IoniansIonians– Invades Greece, sacks Eretria; advances Invades Greece, sacks Eretria; advances

on Athens, defeated at Marathon by on Athens, defeated at Marathon by AtheniansAthenians

The Persian Wars (499-478 B.C.)

The Persian Wars with The Persian Wars with GreeceGreece

Second Persian InvasionSecond Persian Invasion

Xerxes (r. 486-465 B.C.) vows to Xerxes (r. 486-465 B.C.) vows to avenge his father’s defeat.avenge his father’s defeat.

Prepares invasion: army of 200,000 Prepares invasion: army of 200,000 men and fleet of 600 shipsmen and fleet of 600 ships

Spartans delay Persian advance at Spartans delay Persian advance at Thermopylae in 480 B.C.Thermopylae in 480 B.C.

Athenians defeat Persian fleet at Athenians defeat Persian fleet at SalamisSalamis

United Greek army defeats Persians at United Greek army defeats Persians at Plataea in 479 B.C.Plataea in 479 B.C.

Xerxes Bridges the Hellespont

Replica of a Trireme

The Persian Wars (499-478 B.C.E.)