the greening of the rooftop module 2 basic principles of green design
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The Greening of the Rooftop
Module 2
Basic Principles of Green Design
The Greening of the Rooftop
Sustainable Design
• The art of designing the built environment in accordance with sustainable principles
• A growing force in:– architecture & landscape architecture– urban planning and development– engineering– Industrial & interior design
Source: Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_design)
The Greening of the Rooftop
Principles of Sustainable Design
1. Low Impact Materials
2. Energy Efficiency / Clean Energy
3. Quality & Durability
4. Reuse, Renewal, Recycling
5. Measurement & Assessment
6. Management Control
Source: Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_design#Principles_of_sustainable_design)
Green Design Principle #1
Low Impact Materials
Low Impact Materials
What are the Key Impacts?
Impact: (1)
Global Warming
Ozone Depletion
Photochemical Oxidants
Acidification
Eutrification
Human Health Toxicity
Eco-Toxicity
(1) From EPA Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other Environmental Impacts (TRACI), and as recommended by USGBC LEED LCA Working Group A, December, 2006
Caused By:
Greenhouse Gasses
Ozone Depleting Chemicals
Ozone Producing Chemicals
Acid Rain Gasses
Oxygen Depleters in Water
Long-Acting Toxic Chemicals
Long-Acting Pesticides & Herbicides
• Reduce Embodied Energy
• Eliminate Toxic Components
• Achieve Sustainable Production
• Eliminate Unnecessary Steps
• Design with the End in Mind
Low-Impact Materials
Low-Impact Design Strategies
Green Design Principle #2
Energy Efficiency / Clean Energy
• Produce Clean Energy– Solar / Geothermal / Wind / Biomass
• Reduce Embodied Energy– Raw Material Extraction / Manufacturing / Transportation
– Increase Durability / Recycling
• Reduce Operating Energy– Heating / Cooling / Lighting / Equipment
Energy Efficiency / Clean Energy
Global Energy Strategies
Why is Operating Energy So Important?
Operating Energy versus Embodied Energy
Operating energy accounts for over 85% of total energy usage in buildings
Source: US DOE 2006 Buildings Energy Data Book
O 10 20 30 40 50
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
En
erg
y (G
J/m
2)
Building Life (Years)
Operating Energy
Recurring Embodied Energy(Repair & Maintenance)
Total Energy
Initial Embodied Energy
Why is Operating Energy So Important?
Clean Energy versus Fossil-Fuel Energy
Global Energy Supply: 1980 – 2030 (2)
(Billions of Tons of Oil Equivalents)
Coal
Oil
Gas
Other (1)
BiomassHydroNuclear
(1) Solar, Wind, Geothermal(2) International Energy Agency “World Energy
Outlook, 2006” (Reference Scenario)
Reducing operating
energy will be the best
opportunity for many
years
Energy Efficiency / Clean Energy
Roofing Strategies
• Reduce peak energy demand with cool roofs (Module 6)
• Reduce total energy demand with increased roof insulation (Module 7)
• Generate clean rooftop energy using PV, daylighting, or wind (Module 8)
Green Design Principle #3
Quality & Durability
• Increase Quality– Improve function & value
• Improve Durability– Extend service life
Green Building Design
Quality & Durability
Increased Quality = Enhanced Function
Improved Durability = Expanded Life Cycle
• Enhance & Combine Functions– Multifunctional spaces– Multifunctional products & systems
• Anticipate Extreme Conditions– Storm (wind / rain / hail)– Traffic & abuse
Quality & Durability
Quality & Durability Strategies
More to follow in Module 7 - High Performance Roofs
Green Design Principle #4
Reuse, Renewal, Recycling
• Planned Reuse
• Planned Maintenance
• Planned Removal & Recycling
Green Building Design
Reuse, Renewal, Recycling
The Key is Planning
• Life Cycle Planning– When should maintenance & repair be anticipated?– What is the best combination of initial durability and periodic service?
• Design with the End in Mind– How can eventual removal be simplified?
Reuse, Renewal, Recycling
Strategies
More to follow in Module 7 - High Performance Roofs
Green Design Principle #5
Measurement & Assessment
• Quantify the Impacts / Benefits– Identify the impacts
– Measure the impacts
– Weigh and combine the impacts
• Assess the Impacts Over the Life Cycle – Compare alternatives
– Look for opportunities for continuous improvement
Green Building Design
Measurement & Assessment
Measurement & Assessment
The Measurement & Assessment Process:
Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)
More to follow in Module 3 - Life Cycle Assessment
Green Design Principle #6
Management Control
• Environmental Management System– A long-term, ongoing plan for managing environmental
impacts
• Project Commissioning– The starting point for long-term environmental management
Environmental Management Control
Key Elements
More to follow in Module 7 – High Performance Roofs
The Principles of Sustainable Design
Summary & Review
1. Low Impact Materials
2. Energy Efficiency / Clean Energy
3. Quality & Durability
4. Reuse, Renewal, Recycling
5. Measurement & Assessment
6. Management Control