the higher state educational institution of … · normal breathing is one of the components...

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THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE

THE HIGHER STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF UKRAINE

"UKRAINIAN MEDICAL STOMATOLOGICAL ACADEMY"

Approved

at the meeting of orthodontics department

«____»______________20____y.

protocol №____by __________

Head of department_______ L.V. Smaglyuk

METHODICAL RECOMMENDATION

for independent work of students during the preparation

to practical lessons and on the lessons

Academic discipline Orthodontics

Module № 1 Orthodontia. Diagnostic of dento-

gnathic anomalies and deformations.

The theme of the lesson № 17 The control meaningful module №2

Course ІІІ

Faculty Preparation of foreign students

Poltava 2016

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1. The relevance of the topic. Clinical examination is the primary method of

examination in orthodontics. By interviewing the patient and conducting the

examination, the doctor determines a preliminary diagnosis of the disease. Clinical

examination allows to properly executing the clinical history of the patient. After

the patients will need to fill accounting documents, which in addition to the

medical history include piece of daily patient registration, statistical card, the card

dispensary supervision, and the like.

Full diagnostics plays a crucial role in the success of etiopathogenetic treatment of

malocclusion. After the clinical examination, formulate a preliminary diagnosis.

The final diagnosis is established only after conducting additional research.

Anthropometric, photometric, and morphometric methods of research are required

for more research in orthodontics.

Normal breathing is one of the components myodynamic balance in the

maxillofacial region that is key to the proper formation of the maxillofacial region.

That is why the relevance of the topic due to the need to know methods of

investigation of respiratory function.

The dental system as an integral part of the maxillofacial area consists of separate

functional elements of different complexity. Dento-facial system functional

element has teeth, their function mechanical processing of food through chewing.

As additional research methods in orthodontics are widely used X-ray methods to

determine the etiological factor (supernumerary teeth, adentia, etc.) to more

accurately determine the morphological part of the diagnosis, select the most

rational method and make a treatment plan.

To determine the form of malocclusion (dental-alveolar, gnathic or combined), and

prognosis of orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to conduct cephalometric

research.

Relevance of the topic due to the need to know the X-ray classification of

malocclusion, based on data of cephalometric studies for full diagnosis and

planning of orthodontic treatment.

For the formulation of the diagnosis and recording in the clinical history of the

disease, you need to define it in terms of one of the existing classifications of

dento-alveolar anomalies and deformities of the bite. It facilitates the cooperation

of orthodontists. Therefore, knowledge of the various malocclusion classifications

is important in the training of a dentist-orthodontist.

Knowledge of etiological factors and pathogenesis of malocclusions, it is necessary

to formulate a correct diagnosis, select the most rational method of treatment,

which will lead to a stable result and no relapse of the disease.

After conducting of the patient clinical examination in terms of one of the

classifications a preliminary diagnosis formed. Carrying out of additional

examination methods such as biometrics and diagnostic models of the jaws,

anthropo- and photometry, radiological and functional examination, differential

diagnosis, allows us to formulate the final diagnosis, according to which choose

the method and plan of treatment, identify the most rational design of orthodontic

appliance.

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2. Specific objectives:

To analyze the results of a survey of orthodontic patients and their parents.

To analyze the results of the collection of complaints.

To analyze the results of the determination data of the anamnesis of life and

disease.

To analyze the results of the clinical examination of orthodontic patient.

To interpret the results of anthropometric measurements of the head.

To analyze the results of the photometric studies.

To analyze the results of measurements by the method of KDM by Tonn.

To analyze the results of measuring KDM techniques by Pont, Korkhaus.

To explain the study of KDM according Snagina’ method.

To draw a diagram of the normal form and dimensions of the dental arch by the

method of Hawley-Herber-Herbst.

To know the methods of functional diagnostics used in orthodontics;

To know methods of determining the respiratory function;

The indication for prescription of methods for determining the respiratory function;

To be able to determine the violation of respiratory function;

The analysis of data obtained when carrying out functional methods of research.

To be able to characterize the speech and swallowing function.

To know methods of studying the speech and swallowing function state.

To know method of speech and swallowing function examination in patients with

malocclusion.

To know the features of articulation zones in normal and abnormal occlusion.

To know the facial muscles and their function.

To know the function of each tooth and dividing them into groups.

To know the anatomical and physiological characteristics that contribute to

chewing act.

To know the phases of chewing.

To know methods of research of function of mastication.

To know the definition of chewing force.

To know the definition of chewing efficiency.

To know methods of x-ray diagnostics;

To know indications for intra-oral contact radiography;

To know rules of decoding the intra-oral contact radiographs;

To know indications for occlusal radiography;

To know rules of decoding occlusal radiographs;

To know indications for extra-oral radiographs;

To know lateral projection of the body and the ramus;

To know rules of radiographs reading in the lateral projection of the body and the

ramus;

To know indications for radiographs of the TMJ;

To know rules of reading of the TMJ radiographs;

To know indications for panoramic radiography;

To know rules of reading panoramic radiographs;

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To know indications for radiography of the hand;

To know the rules and determination of bone age by the hand radiograph reading.

To know the technique of reading of different types of radiographs;

To know assign the appropriate x-ray examination for different types of dento-

alveolar anomalies and deformations of the bite;

To know the method of the cephalometric;

To know indications for cephalometric research;

To know skin and bone points for decoding the side cephalometric;

To know the method of decoding cephalometric by Schwarz;

To know the normal values for linear and angular dimensions of cephalometric.

To folded final orthodontic diagnosis;

To know the classifications of malocclusions;

To know the basic methods of the orthodontic patients’ clinical examination;

To know additional examination methods of orthodontic patients;

To know the composition of orthodontic diagnosis;

To know how determined measure of orthodontic treatment.

3. Basic knowledge’s, abilities, skills necessary for studying the topic

(interdisciplinary integration)

Name of previous

disciplines

Skills

1. Anatomy to determine the structure of the cerebral and facial

departments of skull;

to determine the structure of the temporo-mandibular

joint; to determine the anatomical characteristics of

different groups of temporary and permanent teeth.

2. Histology to determine the periods of development of the embryo

and fetus;

to determine the embryonic development of the

maxillofacial region;

to determine the periods of development of temporary and

permanent teeth, to be able to describe them;

to determine the histological structure of hard tissues

temporary and permanent teeth.

3. Propaedeutic of

therapeutic

stomatology

The structural characteristics of temporary teeth.

The differences between the temporary and permanent

teeth. Features of permanent teeth structure.

4. Normal physiology To know the laboratory methods of respiratory function.

To know the normal values of physiological parameters

during the examination of respiratory function using

laboratory and clinical methods of examination.

To be able to determine the timing of muscle contraction.

To be able to analyze the data held on laboratory and

clinical research.

5. Roentgenology To determine indications for a certain type of radiograph.

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To identify landmarks of the skeleton and soft tissues.

6. Prosthodontics To navigate the materials used in the clinic of

prosthodontics.

7. Geometry To measure linear and angular sizes.

8. Medical biology The mechanisms of inheritance of pathological

conditions.

9. Pathological

physiology

Mechanisms of deformations of maxillofacial system

development under influence of different etiological

factors.

10. Orthopedic

stomatology

Description of physiological bite.

11. Normal

physiology

To determine the timing of muscle contractions,

coordination of certain muscle groups work.

12. Radio-therapy Reading of sciagrams.

13. Medical

psychology

Principles of mastering of information. Determination of

patients’ motivation and his reactivity on the treatment.

14. Surgical

stomatology

Determination of the TMJ state. Surgical methods of

interference at orthodontic treatment.

4. Tasks for independent work during preparation to the lesson and on the

lesson

4.1. A list of the main terms, parameters, characteristics that need to learn by the

student during the preparation to the lesson:

Terms Definition

1. Subjective

examination.

A stage of clinical survey in which interview of the

patient.

2. Passport

(chronological or

calendar) age.

This is the period from birth to any particular moment of

life.

3. Biological or

anatomical and

physiological age.

Is determined by the set of metabolic, structural,

functional, and regulatory characteristics of adaptive

opportunities of an organism and is a required function of

time, but unlike a passport, is characterized by less

distinct intervals of time, during which irreversible age-

related biological changes in the body.

4. Bone age. The age of a person is determined by the condition of the

bone system.

5.Objective

examination

A stage of clinical survey in which carried out

examination of the patient (posture, face, maxillofacial

area). The main admission objective of the examination

of the orthodontic patient includes a general examination,

determination of Constitution and characteristics of the

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face structure, the examination of the oral cavity.

6. Breath a set of reactions of biological oxidation of organic

substances with release of energy required to sustain the

organism; it is the totality of processes that ensure the

intake of oxygen used in oxidation processes and the

removal of the body of carbon dioxide. Consists of three

consecutive steps: external respiration, transport of gases

by the blood, internal respiration.

7. Stange’s test holding the breath on the inhale. The basic breath in

breath refers to the delay in the "neutral" pressure in the

lungs, that is, when the pressure inside the lungs and the

pressure outside of the chest equally. In this state the

chest is maximally relaxed. The delay of breath occurs

with the volume of air approximately equal to 2/3 of the

maximum possible breath.

8. Gench’s test holding the breath on the exhale.

After 2-3 deep breaths exhale deeply and hold your

breath for as long as possible. Time there is a moment of

breath-holding to its termination.

9. Spirometry is a method of research of function of external

respiration, which involves measuring lung capacity and

speed performance of the respiratory.

10.

Masticatiodinamometry

The physiological method of determining the strength of

chewing.

11. Myotonometry Consider the tone of the masticatory muscles under

different conditions.

12. Electromyography Recording of biopotentials of muscles, in order to study

their physiological activity.

13. Arthrotomography The method of auscultation of TMJ to identify in them

the noise of the crunch and clatter, as well as differential

diagnostics of functional and morphological disorders.

14. Ionization The process of converting electrically neutral atoms

(molecules) of a substance in the charged parts - ions.

15. Fluorescence The glowing of a number of complex salts and crystals

16. Fluoroscopy Research method, which is based on obtaining x-ray

display on a fluorescent screen, the screen of a cathode-

optical converter or a television screen.

17. Radiography X-rays method, which with the help of x-ray radiation-

sensitive material (x-ray film) get a fixed image of the

object.

18. Cephalometric Conducting a research at large focal distance that

provides the minimum distortions of sizes of explored

organ.

19. The types of Lateral, strait.

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cephalometric

20. The types of

cephalometric points

The letters of skin points by small Latin letters, bone

points – by large Latin letters.

21. X-ray forms of

malocclusion

Gnathic, dento-alveolar, mixed forms.

22. Classification (lat. classis – class, and facio – acting), the system of

distribution of objects into classes according to certain

characteristics.

23. Norm (lat. norma – "rule") is a regulatory rule that specifies the

boundaries of its application; corresponds to something

typical or usual, that occurs in a natural way and does not

cause health problems.

24. Anomaly (gr. abnormality) abnormality, an aberration from the

general pattern.

25. Deformation (from lat. deformatio "distortion") – change the size and

shape of a rigid body under the action of external forces

or other effects.

26. Congenital disorder A condition exists at or before birth regardless of cause.

Of these disorders, those characterized by structural

deformities are termed "congenital anomalies" and

involve defects in a developing fetus. Birth defects vary

widely in cause and symptoms. Any substance that

causes birth defects is known as a teratogen. Some

disorders can be detected before birth through prenatal

diagnosis (screening).

27. Acquired disorder Changes the size and shape under the action of

etiological factors.

28. Hereditary disorder Disorders caused by disturbances in the processes of

storage, transmission and realization of genetic

information.

29. Parts of finally

diagnosis

Morphological, functional, etiological, aesthetical.

4.2. Theoretical questions to the lesson:

1. What parts do clinical methods of examination consist of?

2. What is the biological age of a person?

3. The dates of determining the bone age of a person.

4. What etiological factors influence the development of the dento-gnathic

apparatus in the antenatal period?

5. What is the meaning of the natural feeding of a baby?

6. The classification of tongue frenula by F.Y. Khoroshilkina.

7. Write the dental formula of permanent teeth by FDI-ISO.

8. Write the dental formula of temporary teeth by FDI-ISO.

9. In what directions is the examination of occlusion conducted?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratogen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_diagnosis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_diagnosis

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10. On the basis of what evidence is the provisional diagnosis put?

11. How to determine mesio-distal size of teeth?

12. Method of determining the proportionality of the incisors of the upper and

lower jaws by Tonn.

13. What is the index Tonn, Malygin, Gerlah.

14. What is the absolute and individual macro – and microdontia.

15. How to determine premolar and molar indices.

16. Definition of transversal size of the dentition by Pont and Linder-Hart.

17. What is the method of determining the length of the front section of dental arch

by Korkhaus.

18. What is the definition of the width and length of apical bases of the jaws by

Snagina.

19. Photometry – what kind of method is it, and for what purpose is it used?

20. What parameters are detected in a photograph to characterize the dimensions of

the head and face of a patient?

21. How to measure the face height in the photograph of a patient?

22. How to detect the morphological facial index of Izard and what information

does it give?

23. Characterize the form of face profile with the help of the esthetic plane by

Ricketts. What profile can be concave, and what – convex?

24. What is full morphological height of face?

25. How to evaluate the morphological height of face?

26. The face depth is estimated by four dimensions. What are they?

27. What indices are used to characterize the form of head?

28. What is the value of the cross-longitudinal index at dolichocephalic head

shape?

29. Respiration types, methods of detecting.

30. What signs are characteristic of oral breathing?

31. The functional respiratory test.

32. Stange’s and Gench’s tests, methods of conducting and estimating them.

33. Spirometry: the aim of investigation, technique.

34. Spirography: the aim of investigation, technique.

35. Rhinopneumometry: the aim of investigation, technique of conducting it.

What anomalies and deformations of the craniofacial area are caused by the

violation of nasal breathing?

36. The infantile type of swallowing. The reasons for this pathology.

37. The somatic type of swallowing, the physiological age of its formation.

38. The phases of the act of swallowing, conditions of their violation.

39. The aim of electromyography as an auxiliary method of investigating the act of

swallowing.

40. Frankel’s functional test, its technique.

41. Lingvodynamometry, its technique.

42. From what age is the somatic type of swallowing established?

43. On what conditions is the functional swallowing test based?

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44. Palatography, methods of conducting it, results evaluation.

45. Comparative analysis of conducting direct and indirect palatography.

46. Palatogram types and their interrelation with dentognathic apparatus

anomalies.

47. Peculiarities of pronouncing separate sounds connected with the anomalies of

the attachment of the soft tissues of the oral cavity.

48. When does speech formation take place in children?

49. At what diseases does the speech violation in the form of rhinolalia take place?

50. The technique of conducting photopalatography.

51. Peculiarities of conducting phonography.

52. How to conduct the estimation of palatogram results by direct method?

53. How to conduct the estimation of palatogram results by indirect method?

54. Indicate the reasons for irregular pronunciation of vowels.

55. Gnathodynamometry by Black and Tissenbaum.

56. Electrotensodynamometry by Tril, Vozniuk.

57. Electrotensodynamometry by Koniushko.

58. Peculiarities of conducting mastication tests by Chrisitiansen and Helman, their

drawbacks.

59. Mastication test technique by Rubinov.

60. Masticatiography, its technique.

61. Myotonometry, the aim of conducting it, its technique.

62. Electromyography as a method of investigating the condition of the mastication

apparatus, the peculiarities of conducting it.

63. To what values does mastication effectiveness equal by Oksman?

64. What teeth are to be taken into account to detect the mastication effectiveness

by Ahapov and what does it equal?

65. What is the scheme of detecting the mastication effectiveness by Kurliandskyi

based on?

66. What values are to be used to detect the state of teeth when preparing an

odontoparodontogram?

67. What is the reserve strength of tooth, methods of detecting it for odontopa-

rodontogram?

68. Odontoparodontogram analysis, the ways of using its data.

69. The types of radiographic studies used in orthodontic practice.

70. The method of the intra-oral contact radiography.

71. Indications for intra-oral contact radiography.

72. The parameters of indication for the method of intra-oral contact radiography.

73. According to a formula, determine the size of the tooth which is not erupted on

the intra-oral contact radiograph.

74. The method of occlusal radiography.

75. Indications for occlusal radiography.

76. Indications for occlusal radiography.

77. The method of imaging the lateral projection of the lower jaw body and

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ramuses.

78. Indications for radiography in lateral projection of the lower jaw body and

ramuses.

79. Defined parameters on radiographs in the lateral projection of the lower jaw

body and ramuses.

80. Indications for radiography of TMJ methods.

81. Defined parameters on the radiographs of the temporo-mandibular joint.

82. The method of panoramic radiography.

83. Indications for conducting of panoramic radiography.

84. Parameters determined on the panoramic radiographs.

85. X-ray examination of the hand. Determination of the bone age.The

cephalometric method of research.

86. Indications for the cephalometric study.

87. Techniques of organizing and processing side of the head cephalometric.

88. Decryption techniques of cephalometric.

89. The decryption method of the cephalometric by Schwartz.

90. The essence of craniometrical study.

91. The main craniometrical parameters of the study.

92. The essence gnatometrics research.

93. The main parameters of the gnatometrics research.

94. The essence profilometric research.

95. 11. The main parameters of the profilometric research.

96. The definition of "norm" in orthodontics.

97. The definition of the terms "abnormality" and "deformity".

98. The definition of "classification".

99. Classification of malocclusion by Angle.

100. The advantages and disadvantages of Angle classification.

101. Classification of malocclusion by Betel'man.

102. The advantages and disadvantages of Betel'man classification.

103. Classification of malocclusion by Kalvelis.

104. The advantages and disadvantages of Kalvelis classification.

105. Classification of malocclusion by Grigorieva.

106. The advantages and disadvantages of Grigorieva classification.

107. Classification of malocclusion by WHO.

108. The advantages and disadvantages of WHO classification.


110. The definition of the terms "anomaly".

111. The definition of the terms "deformity".

112. The definition of "congenital disorder ".

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113. The definition of "acquired disorder ".

114. The definition of "hereditary disorder ".

115. Groups of factors that lead to the development of malocclusions.

116. The factors contributing to the development of malocclusions in the

antenatal period.

117. The factors that lead to the development of malocclusions in postnatal

period.

118. Classification of harmful habits by Okushko.

119. Forecasting, by L. malocclusions by Lepors’ka.

120. The definition of diagnosis in orthodontics.


122. The definition of the terms "abnormality" and "deformity".

123. The definition of "classification".

124. Classifications of malocclusion.

125. Component parts of final orthodontic diagnosis.

126. Description of morphological part of final diagnosis.

127. Description of etiological part of final diagnosis.

128. Description of functional part of final diagnosis.

129. Description of aesthetic part of final diagnosis.

130. Algorithm of diagnostics of morphological, functional and aesthetic

violations. Methodology of determination complication of orthodontics treatment

degree. Determination of treatment duration and his prognosis.

4.3. Practical works (task) which are executed at the lesson:

1. To build the abstract structure stages of clinical examination.

2. To sketch in the album a flow diagram of the three planes (vertical, sagital,

transversal).

3. To record of clinical functional tests.

4. To record the classification of types of bridles upper lip and tongue.

5. To sketch in the album a diagram of the three divisions of the face.

6. To sketch in the album schematic of the three profile types (direct, concave,

convex).

7. The definition of mesiodistal sizes of teeth.

8. The definition of proportionality incisors of the upper and lower jaws according

to the method by Tonn.

9. Identification of narrowing or expansion of the dentition according to the Pont

and H. Linder, G. Hart method.

10. The definition of sagital size of the dentition according to the G. Korkhaus

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method.

11. To determine the width and length of apical bases of the jaws by Snagina.

12. To compare the diagnostic model of the upper jaw with the obtained normal

form of the upper dentition by Hawley-Herber-Herbst.

13. To conduct the functional respiratory tests.

14. To conduct and estimate results of Stange’s and Gench’s tests.

15. To decode the results of spirometry, spirography, rhinopneumometry.

16. To conduct the palatography, EMG for patient with speech and swallowing

disorders.

17. To decode the palatograms and EMG results of patient with speech and

swallowing disorders at different types of malocclusion.

18. To determine chewing efficiency by Oxman.

19. To determine chewing efficiency by Kurliandskyi.

20. To hold masticatiography, myotonometry.

21. To decode the electromyography results.

22. To decoding contact intraoral radiographs;

23. To decoding intraoral occlusal radiographs;

24. To decoding extra-oral x-ray lateral projection of the lower jaw body and

ramuses;

25. To decoding extra-oral radiographs of the TMJ;

26. To decoding panoramic x-rays;

27. To determine bone age radiograph of the hand;

28. To define the indications for carrying out a particular type of x-ray

examination;

29. To filling-direction on x-ray examination;

30. To read intra-oral contact of the image;

31. To read occlusal radiographs;

32. To reading extra-oral photo of the lower jaw body and ramuses in the lateral

projection;

33. To reading radiographs of the TMJ;

34. To reading panoramic radiographs;

35. To determination of bone age radiograph of the hand.

36. To define indications for cephalometric research;

37. To determine the drawing of cephalometric skin point;

38. To determine the drawing of cephalometric bone point;

39. To conduct the drawing of the cephalometric main planes and lines for

decoding;

40. To detect deviation from the normal angular indicators for cephalometric;

41. To identify deviations from the normal linear indicators for cephalometric;

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42. To determine the type of the face by Schwarz;

43. To decoding the cephalometric according to the method by Schwartz.

44. To measure all angles and line sizes.

45. To determine the malocclusion form according to X-ray classification.

46. To determine the affiliation of angles to gnathic forms.

47. To determine the affiliation of angles to dento-alveolar forms.

48. To determine the affiliation of angles to mixed forms.

49. To detect deviation from the normal angular indicators for cephalometric;

50. To identify deviations from the normal linear indicators for cephalometric;

51. To determine the type of the face by Schwarz;

52. To decoding the cephalometric according to the method by Schwartz/

53. Determination of risk factors for the development of malocclusions.

54. Determination of the pathogenesis of the malocclusions development.

55. The definition of risk groups for malocclusions development.

56. Definition of forecast of malocclusions occurrence.

57. To make a final diagnosis of the existing malocclusion according to

classification by Angle;


classification by Betel'man;


classification by Kalvelis;


classification by Grigorieva;


classification by WHO.

The content of the topic:

Methodical recommendation 6-16.

Materials for self-control:

A. Tasks for self-control (tables, diagrams, drawings, graphs):

1. To make the graph for panoramic radiographs decoding.

2. To make the table of permanent teeth mineralization stages.

3. To draw the types of physiological temporary roots resorption.

4. Write down the rules for a cephalometric of human head making;

5. To draw in albums the features of cephalometric of human head decoding;

6. Write down the main forms of malocclusion;

7. To draw in albums the angles of gnathic form of malocclusion;

8. To draw in albums the angles of dento-alveolar form of malocclusion;

9. To draw in albums the angles of mixed form of malocclusion.

10. Write down the X-ray classification of malocclusion;

11. Write down the main forms of malocclusion;

12. To draw in albums the angles of gnathic form of malocclusion;

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13. To draw in albums the angles of dento-alveolar form of malocclusion;

14. To draw in albums the angles of mixed form of malocclusion.

15. Definition of the profile entity by Schwartz.

16. Definition of the face type by Schwartz.

17. The definition of dento-alveolar anomalies.

18. Definition of aesthetic treatment prognosis according to the decrypted

cephalometric.

19. The choice of malocclusions treatment according to the decrypted and

cephalometric.

B. Tasks for self-control:

1. At direct evaluating an orthodontic patient face most important is:

the face parts proportionality

the form of the nose

the development of the auricles

the shape of the eyes

the shape of the chin

2. To note the most important in the assessment of the soft tissues of the oral

cavity with dental anomalies:

the state of the frenulum of lips and tongue

mobility of the soft palate

index PMA

tongue state

the shape of the lips

3. What of next clinical signs is not related to the characteristics of the

infantile swallowing?

unequal teeth abrasion

"lemon crust” symptom

shortened tongue frenum

placing the tongue apex between the dental arches

the tongue to lips pushing

4. Which points not use for posture assessment:

shoulder

scapula-shoulder

thigh

nape

heel - knee

5. Subjective examination of the patient consists of the following dates:

the passport dates , the patient complaints, anamnesis of life and disease

passport dates of the patient and external examination

passport dates of the patient and complaints

passport dates of the patient and the anamnesis of life

passport dates of patient and anamnesis of disease

6. What types of age are distinguish:

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passport, biological, dental, bone

passport and dental

biological and bone

dental and bone

passport and stomatological

7. The “dental age” can to determine:

development of the child

the number of deciduous teeth

state of deciduous teeth root resorption

the stage of permanent teeth roots formation

the sex of the child.

8. Examination of the orthodontic patient consists of:

general examination, posture definition, examination of the head, face and

oral cavity

examination of the head and oral cavity

examination of the oral cavity

examination of dentition and occlusion

examination of the face and mouth

9. The oral exam starts with the inspection of:

the vestibule of the oral cavity

the individual teeth.

the dentition.

the bite.

the oral cavity

10. Normal or simple lip should be placed at such a distance from the

gingival margin:

5 mm

4 mm

3 mm

2 mm

1 mm

11. Describtion of the bite in these planes makes:

sagittal, vertical and transversal

sagittal, vertical

vertical, transversal

transversal, sagittal

horizontal, frontlal

12. On clinical examination results possible the following part of the

diagnosis to define:

morphological, etiological and aesthetic

morphological and functional

aesthetic and functional

functional and etiological

aesthetic and etiological

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13. The etiological part of the diagnosis can be determine by:

the dates of life anamnesis and examination

the history disease

examination

passport dates

dental age

14.Define guidelines to describe malocclusion in a sagittal plane:

the over jet presence, the canines and molars relation

the depth of incisal overlap, the canines and molars relation

the presence of the vertical space, the canines and molars relation

midlines coincidence, the canines and molars relation

the buccal cusp of posterior teeth relation

15. Identify the guidelines to describe the dentition in the transversal plane:

midlines coincidence, the buccal cusp of posterior teeth relation

the depth of incisal overlap, the canines and molars relation




16. Define guidelines for the description of the malocclusion in the vertical

plane:

the depth of incisal overlap, the presence of the vertical space

midlines coincidence, the buccal cusp of posterior teeth relation, the canines

and molars relation




17. The biological age of the child is determined in the following way:

the complex of metabolic, functional and regulatory characteristics of the

organism

the number of teeth that erupted

the degree of hand bones mineralization

from the moment of birth until the time of the survey

with constitutional symptoms

18. Aesthetic component of the diagnosis is based on the definition:

the proportionality of the face, the profile type, the severity of the folds, the

shape of the face

the proportionality of the face

the profile type

the severity of the folds

the shape of the face

19. Physiological asymmetry considers the difference between the right and

left sides of the face to:

2.0 mm

1.0 mm

17

1.5 mm

0.5 mm

2.5 mm

20. Determining the nose-labial folds depth is important in the diagnosis of

malocclusion in a plane:

sagittal

vertical

transversal

frankfurt

orbital

21. Determining the depth of the mental fold is important in the diagnosis of

malocclusion in these planes:

sagittal and vertical

sagittal and orbital

sagittal and transversal

vertical and transversal

vertical and orbital

22. During the individual teeth examination, allows to determine:

anomalies of size, shape and structure, color, number, eruption

anomalies of size, shape and structure

anomalies of color

anomalies of eruption

anomalies of number

23. Normal dentition form in temporary physiological occlusion are:

semicircle

oval

parabola

arched

trapezoid

24. Normal upper dentition form in physiological permanent occlusion are:

semi oval

semicircle

parabola

arched

trapezoid

25. Normal lower dentition form in physiological permanent occlusion are:

parabola

semicircle

semioval

arched

trapezoid

26. What functions can to be evaluated during the clinical tests with drink of

water?

breathing, closing of lips and swallowing

18

breathing, sucking

breathing, chewing and swallowing

chewing, swallowing

sucking, swallowing

27. What clinical tests use to determine respiratory function state?

cotton fibers and with a drink of water

Esler-Bitner test

with hazelnuts and drink of water

Ilyina-Markosyan test

Frenkel test

28. What clinical tests use to determine swallowing function state?

with a drink of water

Esler-Bitner test

with hazelnuts and drink of water

Ilyina-Markosyan test

Frenkel test

29. During the infantile swallowing the tongue pushes from:

closed lips

from the alveolar process

from the hard palate

from the frontal teeth

from the lower frontal teeth

30. In the somatic model of swallowing, the tongue pushes from:

from the upper front teeth or the hard palate

from closed lips

from the lower alveolar process

from the upper lateral teeth

from the lower frontal teeth

31. The frenulum of the upper lip has a number of types (by F.

Khoroshilkina):

3

2

4

5

6

32. The frenulum of the tongue has a number of types (by F. Khoroshilkina):

5

2

4

3

6

33. The anterior buccal cusp the upper first permanent molar at a

physiological permanent occlusion is located as follows:

between mesial and distal buccal cusp of the same lower

19

above the buccal cusp of the same lower

between the cusp of lower first molar and second premolar

between the first and second lower molars

above the buccal cusp of second lower molar

34. The incisors covering at orthognatic permanent occlusion is:

from 1/3 to 1/2 crown height

from 1/2 to 2/3 crown height

all crown height

more than all crown height

edge to edge contact

35. At the record of dental formula by system of FDI-ISO the temporal teeth

of right maxillary segment denotes a number:

5

2

1

8

7

36. At the record of dental formula by system of FDI-ISO the temporal teeth

of the left part of lower jaw denotes a number:

7

2

5

8

1

20

37. What method is used to determine the width of the dental arch:

Pont

Korkhaus

Tonn.

Gerlach

Howes

38. To determine the width of the dental arch the following instruments

using:

caliper

school line

the bronze-aluminum wire fragment

the of orthodontic wire segment

the part of thread

39. To determine the width of the dental arch in the area of upper jaw

premolars the such measuring points use:

the middle of inter cusp fissure

the contact point between the premolars

distal deepening

frontal deepening of the first premolars

the contact point between the molars

40. To determine the width of the dental arch in the lower jaw premolar

region such measuring points use:


frontal deepening of the first premolars

distal deepenings

the middle of intercusp fissure


41. To determine the width of the dental arch in the upper jaw molars area

such measuring points use:

frontal deepening of the longitudinal fissure


distal deepening



42. To determine the width of the dentition in the lower jaw molars area

such measuring points use:

distal buccal cusps


distal deepening



43. The dental arch frontal segment length carried out by using the method:

Korkhaus

Pont

21

Tonn

Gerlach

Hawley

44. The dental arch frontal segment length of the upper jaw more than the

same lower in norm:

2 mm

3 mm

4 mm

5 mm

1 mm

45. The upper and lower incisors size proportionality in normal covering

depth determined by:

Tonn

Pont

Korkhaus

Gerlach

Howes.

46. The upper and lower incisors size proportionality at the depth covering

determined by:

Y. M. Malygin

Pont

Korkhaus

Gerlach

Howes.

47. The upper and lower incisors size proportionality at the edge-to-edge

covering determined by:

Gerlach

Herber

Herbst

Hawley

Korkhaus

48. To determine the length of the dental arch next method is used:

Nance

Gerlach

Howes

Hawley

Herbst

49. The determination of the dental arch length makes by using such device:

bronze-aluminum ligature wire fragment

school ruler

calipers

orthodontic wire segment

school compass

50. To determine the correct dental arch form builds the diagram by:

22

Hawley-Herber-Herbst

Howes-Snagey

Tonn-Gerlach

Nance-Korkhaus

Linder-Hart

51. Dreyfus’ line is vertical, held perpendicular to the Frankfurt horizontal

from the point:

nasion

orbitale

glabella

pogonion

subnazale

52. Which method is most informative for assessment of the occlusion?

cephalometry

Izard

Pont

Hawley-Herbst

Tonn

53. Pont established a relationship between:

sum of upper incisors crowns width and width of dentition in the area of first

premolars and molars

sum of upper incisors crowns width and the relation of dentition segments

sum of 12 permanent teeth sizes and the dentition width

the size of the upper incisors, canine teeth and dental arch

sum of upper incisors crowns width and length of the anterior segment

54. Dolgopolova index in the temporary orthognatic occlusion is:

1,3

1,25

1.35

1.4

1,45

55. Tonn Index at orthognatic bite is:

1,33

1,3

1,4

1.45

1,5

56. Gerlach method use for determining:

the relation of the dental arc segments

the width of the lower dental arc

the width of the upper dental arc

the sum of 6 permanent teeth mesio-distal sizes

the sum of 12 permanent teeth mesio-distal sizes

57. Premolarby and molar indices Linder-Hart equal to:

23

85-65

80-64

82-62

76-62

86-66

58. What method of KDM studying use to determine the width of the dental

arches during the period of temporary occlusion?

Dolgopolova

Pont

Snagyna

Kantorovich

Hawley-Herbst

59. How to define an individual macro - and microdentia ?

by Tonn method

by Pont method

by Snagyna method

by Hawley-Herbst method

by Linder-Hart method

60. What method of KDM studying can you define the width of the dental

arch depending on the width of 12 teeth?

Snagyna

Pont

Dolgopolova

Gerlach

Hawley-Herbst

61. Which method is used to determine the width of the apical basis in

children with temporary occlusion?

Dolgopolova

Pont

Snagyna

Hawley-Herbst

Gerlach

62. What method is used to determine the size of apical basis?

Snagyna

Hawley-Herbst

Kantorovich

Pont

Gerlach

63. What method is used to determine the dental arches with in the mixed

dentition?

Pont

Korkhaus

Snagyna

Gerlach

24

Hawley-Herbst

64. Izard facial index meserment needs:

temporal arches (zy), gonion (go), ophrion (oph) points

gonion (go), nasion (n)

gnation (gn), infraorbitale (or)

ophrion (oph), gonion (go), subnasal (sn)

points of the temporal arches (zy)

65. The size of the facial index by Izard at the narrow type of the face is?

104-108

97-103

96-92

92-86

86-82

66. The size of the facial index by Izard at the wide type of the face is?

96 and less

97-103

104-107

107-111

111-116

67. The size of the facial index by Izard at the average type of the face is?

97-103

104-108

100

92-96

86-92

68. Absolute macrodontia of the upper incisors is diagnosed in that case, if

the sum of the four upper incisors mesio-distal sizes is:

>35 mm

>30 mm

<35 mm

>28 mm

<28 mm

69. Absolute microdontia of the lower jaw incisors diagnosed if their sizes

is:

<20 mm

<19.5 mm;

<25 mm;

>28 mm;

<28 mm.

70. Gerlach established a relationship between:

sizes of the dentition segments and their correlation

the mesiodistal sizes of 12 permanent teeth and dentition width

the sum of upper incisors crowns width and dentition width in the premolars

and molars area

25

the upper incisors and canines sizes and dental arch form

the sum of upper incisors crowns width and length of the anterior segment

71. Hаwley-Herber-Herbst established the relationship between:

the sizes of the upper incisors, canines and dental arch form

the mesiodistal sizes of 12 permanent teeth and dentition width

the sum of upper incisors crowns width and dentition width in the premolars

and molars area

the upper incisors and canines sizes and dental arch form

the sum of upper incisors crowns width and length of the anterior segment

72. Patient A. 8 years old assigned clinical functional test with the wool

fibers. What purpose carries out the study?

to determine the respiration type

to determine the swallowing type

to determine speech disorders

to determine occlusion

to determine the chewing disorder

73. The laboratory studies of the patient P., 10 years by rhinopneumometr

was conducted. Which function state of the oral cavity can to determine by this

device?

breathing

swallowing

speech

functions of the lips closing

chewing

74. Normally, the time of Ghench test is determined as:

15-30 sec.

20-30 sec.

10-20 sec.

25-40 sec.

20-40 sec.

75. When conducting clinical functional Shtange test in a patient 7 years

have determined the duration of breath-holding for 15 seconds. Which is the

normal time of conducting this study?

30-60 sec.

20-40 sec.

20-30 sec.

15-30 sec.

10-20 sec.

76. To determine the respiration function state is used research method:

clinical test with the wool fibers

gnatodinamomretry

electromyography

palatography

lingvodinamomretry

26

77. The advantage of nasal breathing is the following:

the air is humidified

the air is saturated with oxygen

the air is saturated with micro-organisms

the air is saturated with carbon dioxide

the air is saturated with microelements

78. Long-term obstruction of the nasal passages occurs a bad habit:

mouth breathing

thumb sucking

sucking tongue

the upper lip sucking

the lower lip sucking

79. The mouth breathing leads to tone disorders of the: m. orbicularis oris

m. zygomaticus

m. risorius

m. caninus

m. mentalis

80. The pathogenesis of dental arch and the hard palate deformity at the

mouth breathing is caused by:

lack of tongue pressure on the upper jaw

change the tone of the neck muscles

lack of correct pose body in the space

lack of occlusal contact of teeth upper and lower jaw

change the gravity center of the lower jaw

81. Facial signs of the mouth breathing is:

convex face type

mesocephalic face type

brachicephalic face type

concave face type

straight face type

82. The frontal part of the upper dentition length Increasing at the mouthf

breathing is caused by:

lack of circumoral muscle pressure

lack of tongue pressure

absence of occlusal contacts

absence of air pressure in maxilla sinus.

absence of the pressure from buccal muscles

83. Narrowing of the upper dental arch in the area of premolars and molars

at the mouth breathing is caused by:

the pressure of the buccal muscles

the lack of pressure of the circumoral muscle

hyper pressure of the circumoral muscle

absence of occlusal contacts

27

absence of the pressure of the buccal muscles

84. "Glossoptosis", which occurs when the mouth breathing indicates:

tongue position on the floor of the mouth

hyper pressure of the chin muscles

distal location of the lower jaw

gothic palate

hyper pressure of the circumoral muscle

85. To determine the function of nasal breathing used laboratory method of

diagnosis:

spirometry

X-Ray

linguodinamometry

palatography

electromyography

86. Insufficient intake of oxygen at the mouth breathing may cause:

the delay of somatic development

accelerated teething

the appearance of sucking habits

the change in the resistance of periodontal tissues

tongue disorders

87. Spirometry allows us to study:

lung capacity

the breath on the inhale

the breath on the exhale

total respiratory failure

the presence of nasal breathing

88. Lung capacity, as a factor in nasal breathing depends on:

the type of somatic growth of the patient

the kinds of food

the place of residence of the patient

the day time

the width of the face

89. The maxillary sinus pneumatic disorders the due to mouth breathing

leads to:

narrowing of the upper jaw

excessive growth of the lower jaw width

excessive growth of the upper jaw width

the palate flattening

the shortening of the upper jaw frontal segment.

90. The closing lips disorders occur at the following incorrect function:

breathing

thinking

chewing

speaking

28

sucking

91. To determine the degree of closing lips dysfunction the following

research method shown:

electromyography

X-ray

linguodinamometry

palatography

myography

92. When disturbed nasal breathing is formed:

“adenoid” type of face

broad face

average face

short face

“bird face”

93. In norm must be:

nasal type of breathing

mouth breathing

abdominal type of breathing

spirometric type

rhinopneumonic type

94. When the mouth breathing is formed:

gothic palate

flat palate

arch palate

trapezoid palate

extended palate

95. For the nasal type of breathing is characterized by:

quiet closing of the lips

fixed wings of the nose

dry red border of the lips

the face wrinkles

symptom of the “lemon crust”

96. On clinical examination 8 years old patient revealed a wide back of nose.

The reason for its expansion can be:

nasal breathing disorders

allergy

unilateral chewing

infantile swallowing

nasal breathing

97. During examination of the patient revealed bilateral narrowing of the

dental arches. These changes of the dentition can result from dysfunction of the:

breathing

thinking

swallowing

29

chewing

language

98. Newborn nasal passages are:

narrow

broad

average

curved

colateral

99. At the mouth breathing the next muscles disorders can be:

circumoral muscles

proud muscle

cheekbone muscle

temporalis muscle

masticatory muscle

100. At the nasal breathing the tongue position is follows:

adjacent to the palate

adjacent to the lower teeth

located on the oral cavity floor

located between the teeth

rests in the lower jaw

101. Prolonged mouth breathing occurs the next face changes:

lower third of the face decreasing

lower third of the face increasing

reducing of the middle face third

reducing of the upper face third

face asymmetry

102. When the mouth breathing the patient must be examined by a doctor:

ENT

ophthalmologist

pediatrician

speech pathologist

the psychiatrist

103. At the mouth breathing the lower jaw is usually in:

distal position

neutral position

mesial position

shifted to the right

shifted to the left

104. The displacement of the mandible distally at the mouth breathing

occurs as a result of next muscles hyper tone:

those who lowered mandible

those displacing the lower jaw to backward

those displacing the lower jaw in front

those displacing the lower jaw to the left

30

mimic muscles

105. Patency of the nasal passages is determined by:

rhinopneumometer

gnatodinamometer

myothanometer

tonometer

thermometer

106. Patient S., 11 years old held indirect palatography. By carrying out this

research study impressions:

on the painted artificial palate

on the palate and tongue

on the artificial palate

on the tongue

on the palate

107. In the kinder garden identified a child with speech disorders in the

twang form. At what diseases there is speech violation can be:

palate cleft defect

the periodontal tissues disease

pain in the temporo-mandibular joint

the absence of teeth

ENT diseases

108. Etiological factor of interdental stigmatism can be:

open bite

deep bite

cross-bite

small tongue

upper lip frenulum low attachment

109. The patient P. 12 years old by a physician speech therapist assigned to

record sounds and words. What method of research with this purpose used:

phonography

palatography

X-rays

electromyography

photometry

110. The patient S., 10 years assigned functional Frenkel test. What

violations we can to detect by this study:

the tongue position

the lips position

the cheeks state

the soft palate position

the masseter muscles

111. After conducting of clinical functional tests with a drink of water for

the 7 years old patient the"thimble" symptom was determined. What is the

evidence:

31

infantile swallowing

somatic swallowing

mouth breathing

hypertone in the masticatory muscles

hypertone temporalis muscle

112. What age does infantile type of swallowing should be transformed into

somatic:

3 year

5 years

2 years

6 years

9 years

113. To define functional disorders of the 15 years old patient O., was

appointed linguodinamometry. This method of study allows to determine:

tongue pressure in the middle of the oral cavity

participation in swallowing of facial muscles

the tone of the circumoral muscle

the tongue position in the oral cavity

the patient's ability to swallow food lump

114. To what age the somatic type of swallowing is formed:

3 year

5 years

6 years

9 years

10 years

115. What method to record sounds and words is used:

phonography

palatography

X-Rays

electromyography

photometry

116. At the infantile type of swallowing, the tongue pushes from:

closed lips

alveolar bone

the hard palate

the upper frontal teeth

the lower frontal teeth

117. Newborn at the same time can:

to suck, breathe, swallow

to swallow and say

to breath and swallow

to chew and swallow

to chew and breathe

118. Infantile type of swallowing is physiological for:

32

kids

adults

preschooler

student

elderly person

119. The transformation of infantile type of swallowing in somatic occurs

during:

the eruption of milky incisors

erupting canines

the eruption of molars

the eruption of the premolars

the eruption of permanent incisors

120. The act of sucking consists of the following number of phases:

4

2

3

1

5

121. Sucking movements occur in:

II-III phases

phase II

phase III

I - II phases

phase IV

122. In 2 years of life the child has to say:

300-400 words

100-200 words

800-1000 words

8-50 words

50 - 100 words

123. The child has to make simple sentences at the age of:

2 years

1 year

3 years

4 years

5 years

124. The child has to make a long sentence at the age of:

3 years

1 year

2 years

4 years

5 years

125. Child needs to pronounce complex words and sentences at the age of:

5 years

33

1 year

2 years

4 years

3 years

126. Speech disorders are divided into:

functional and mechanical

impulsive, reflective

impresive, expressive

arbitrary, quick

unemotional, emotional

127. Speech disorders are accompanied by violation of processes in:

the speech areas of the brain or auditory perception

violations of the lips articulation

violation of the tongue articulation

violations of the soft palate

temporomandibular joint disorders

128. A mechanical speech disorders accompanied by violation of processes:

violation of the tongue articulation

auditory perception

speech areas of the brain

violations of social adaptation

mental defects

129. The period of active word creation is connected:

increase ofvocabulary

number of erupted teeth

the phase of the height bite increasing

development of the tongue frenulum

development of the circumoral muscle

130. To determine the speech disorders needs to make:

speech tests

test with a drink of water

frenkel test

the test with the wool fibers

lip closing test

131. The speech tests is:

pronunciation of different sounds and sound combinations

test with a drink of water

test with a apex tongue control

test with a tongue control

lip closing test

132. The most active development of the speech notes:

from 2 to 5 years

from 1 to 2 years

from 5 to 6 years

34

from 6 to 7 years

from 7 to 8 years

133. Somatic type of swallowing is:

correct apex tongue position according to the frontal part of the hard palate

and palatal surfaces of the frontal teeth

correct TMG position

correct lower jaw position

correct and timely teeth eruption

tongue between the lateral teeth

134. Premature loss of the frontal milky teeth causes the next problem:

incorrect apex tongue position according to the frontal part of the hard palate


TMG disorders

incorrect lower jaw position

mouth breathing


135. Premature loss of the frontal milky teeth causes the next problem:

incorrect apex tongue position according to the frontal part of the hard palate


TMG disorders


mouth breathing


136. Infantile type of swallowing causes the next problem:

upper and lower frontal teeth protrusion

TMG disorders


upper and lower frontal teeth protrusion

lateral teeth protrusion

137. Infantile type of swallowing causes the next problem:

open bite formation

deep bite formation

cross bite formation

deviation from the normal sizes of the teeth

lateral teeth deviation

138. One of the reason of the infantile type of swallowing formation can be:

shortened tongue frenum

shortened upper lip frenum

shortened lower lip frenum

shortened upper frontal teeth

shortened lower frontal teeth


artificial feeding

TMG disorders

35


shortened upper lateral teeth

shortened lower lateral teeth


tongue size disorders

TMG disorders


shortened upper lateral teeth

shortened lower frontal teeth

141. Define the following types of chewing:

temporal and masseterial

infantile and somatic

static, dynamic, graphic

morphological and physiognomic

correct and uncorrect

142. The function of the incisors during the physiological chewing act in the

permanent dentition period is:

the biting of food

the grinding of food

the milling of food

the bolus formation

taste food analysis

143. The function of the premolars during the physiological chewing act in

the permanent dentition period is:


the biting of food

the milling of food

the bolus formation

taste food analysis

144. The function of the molars during the physiological chewing act in the

permanent dentition period is:

the milling of food


the biting of food

the bolus formation

taste food analysis

145. In food biting take part the following muscles:

m. temporalis

m. masseter

m. risorius

m. pterigoideus medialis

m. pterigoideus lateralis

146. The mastication efficiency is determined by:

teeth number involved in chewing

36

the number of lateral chewing movements while grinding food

the amount of chewed food per unit time

the number of sagittal movements while grinding food

the number of vertical movements while grinding food

147. The volume and degree of food grinding is controlled by:

teeth

lips

receptors of the mucous membrane,

tonsils

hard palate

150. Static method of masticatory efficiency determining is based on:

the definition of each tooth coefficient participation in the chewing process

the tooth mobility determining

the alveolar processes mucous membrane state determining

the type of the bite determining

the supporting tissue endurance determining

151. Odontoparodontogram represents:

the table into which are entered data about each tooth and its supporting

apparatus

the registration of mandible movements

a diagram of the teeth location in the dental arch

the registration of upper and lower jaws teeth occlusal contacts

the tooth mobility registration

152. Functional methods of chewing investigation can to determine:

the food grinding degree for a certain time

the degree of bolus formation for a certain time

the degree of swallowing reflex formation for a certain time

the jaws compression during mastication

the degree of food bolus moistening

153. Gnatodinamometry method defines:

the force on the teeth antagonists

the muscles biopotentials recording

the chewing force

the masticatory muscles tonus at the different conditions

the muscle constriction and movements of the articular heads

154. The graphical methods of chewing functions assessing include:

masticatiography

palatography

arthrography

spirography

reparodontography

155. The absolute power of masticatory muscles is seen when:

strong emotional arousal

static examination

37

rest state

clinical examination

during sleep

156. Chewing pressure is:

the force developed by the muscles which raise the lower jaw and acting on a

certain area

the force developed by the muscles which move the lower jaw to the side and act

on a certain area

the force developed by muscles that push the lower jaw forward and operate in a

certain area

the force developed by the muscles that displace the lower jaw back and operate in

a certain area

the force which develops circumoral, buccal, and mental muscles during the act of

mastication

157. The maximum force of masticatory muscles constriction is:

390 kg

540 kg

250 kg

150 kg

936 kg

158. The effectiveness of chewing depends on:

the presence of malocclusion

day period

region of residence

level of prosperity

education

159. Functional methods of mastication function assessment include:

Rubinov method

Oksman method

Sbarge method

Kurlandsky method

Agapov method

160. Functional diagnostics method of chewing – myography - provides:

record the muscles contractility

simultaneous registration of the masticatory muscles contractions and movements

of the mandible articular heads

record tone muscle

check movements of the mandible

recording of muscles biopotentials

161. Functional diagnostics method of chewing – myotonometry - provides:

record the masticatory and mimic muscles tone

recording the muscles contractility



38



162. Functional diagnostics method of chewing – electromyography -

provides:


recording the muscles contractility




record the tone of masticatory and mimic muscles

163. Patient B., 39 years old with generalized periodontitis II degree

conducts research of periodontal endurance by gnatodynamometry. What

anatomical and functional data get with this method?

give periodontal

the chewing force

the chewing efficiency

the chewing pressure

the tone of the masticatory muscles

164. Define the concept of " Bennett movement":

displacement of the head joint on the balancing side during lateral displacement of

the mandible

displacement of the head joint on the working side during lateral displacement of

the mandible

displacement of the head joint when mouth opening

displacement of the head joint when mouth opening or closing

displacement of the head joint when mouth closing

165. List the muscles which take part in the act of chewing:

masseter, temporal, medial pterygoid and lateral

masseter, temporal, upper and lower pterygoid, digastric, awl-hyoid, chin-hyoid,

mylo-hyoid

digastric, awl-hyoid, chin-hyoid, mylo-hyoid

masseter, temporal, medial and lateral pterygoid, digastric, awl-hyoid, chin-hyoid,

mylo-hyoid

masseter, temporal, medial and lateral pterygoid, digastric, awl-hyoid, scapular -

hyoid, mylo-hyoid

166. Which method applies to static definition of chewing efficiency?

Agapov and Oksman method

the study of diagnostic models

Christensen method

physiological masticatory test by Rubinov

masticatiography

167. From the muscles located around the mouth slit, closes the threshold of

the oral cavity during chewing:

the circumoral muscle

39

a large temporal muscle

the muscle lifting the mouth corner

the muscle, lowering the mouth corner

chin

168. The sagittal Spee curve connects:

the points on the cutting edge of the lower central incisors and on the tops of the

distal buccal tubercles of the lower first molars

the tops of the lower teeth tubercles (from canine to last molar), resulting in a

concave downward line

the buccal and lingual tubercles of the same lateral lower teeth

the start and the end of the articular way

the tip of the nose and the tragus of the ear

169. Graphic method for the study of masticatory movements of the

mandible is called:

masticatiography

myography

myotonometry

arthrography

rheography

170. What method can be used to check occlusal contacts?

occlusiography

TMJ tomography

zonography

electromiography

masticatiography

171. Which of the masticatory muscles as one of its beams attached to

articular disk and ensures synchronicity of movement with the lower jaw?

m. pterigoideus lateralis

m. pterigoideus medialis

m. masseter

m. digastricus

m. temporalis

172. Which of the upper jaw counterforts in the complex will have

functional significance in the distribution of masticatory pressure?

fronto-nasal, zygomatic, pterigo-palatal

zygomatic, pterygoid, palatal

fronto-nasal, zygomatic, pterigo-palatal, palatal

fronto-nasal, zygomatic, palatal

fronto-nasal, pterygoid, palatal

173. Fibers of the lateral pterygoid muscle is oriented horizontally in the

anteroposterior direction. During bilateral contraction of these muscles of the lower

jaw is:

pushed forward

does not move

40

moving backwards

moving to the left

rises

174. "Canine way" is characterized by:

the same cusps contact on the working side and the opposite cusps contact on the

balancing side

the presence multipoint and uniform contacts with both sides

the opposite cusps contact on the working side

the absence of cusps contact on both sides

the same cusps contact on the balancing side

175. What is the masticatory efficiency of the all dentition (by Agapov):

100%

50%

100 units

10 units

100 kg

176. Central occlusion is:

the dentition closure in the maximum number of teeth-antagonists contact

lateral movement of the lower jaw

movement of the lower jaw downward

lateral group of teeth closure

forward mandible displacement

177. To determine the chewing pressure there is:

gnatodinamometer

kymograph

occlusiometer

EMG-apliance

reoplatysmograf

178. To study the teeth hard tissues state using:

intraoral contact X-ray

occlusal X-ray

cephalometry

contrast X-ray

X-ray of the hand

179. X-ray of the bite is also called:

occlusal

contact

sonografia

contrast

standard

180. With increased gag reflex or lockjaw is using:

zonagrafia

contact x-ray

occlusal x-ray

41

tomography

panoramic x-ray

181. X-ray of palatal suture is prescribed for the following orthodontic

pathology:

the diastema

anomalies of individual teeth position

malocclusion in the sagittal plane

malocclusion in the vertical plane

malocclusion in the transversal plane

182. On extraorally lateral X-ray of the back projection of the body and

ramus it is possible to determine:

relation of their size and the magnitude of the mandible angle

relation of teeth in the transversal plane

relation of the teeth in the sagittal plane

relation of teeth in the vertical plane

status of mental holes

183. X-ray of the temporomandibular joint’ method by Parma to find out:

the position of the joint heads into the joint fossas

location of the teeth

the position of the mandible in the transversal plane

proportionality of the body and the branch development

presence of impacted teeth.

184. Bone age is determined by:

X-ray of a the hand

contact intraoral X-ray

panoramic X-ray

cephalometry of the skull

CT

185. Panoramic X-ray allows to describe the relation of occlusion in these

planes:



sagittal and horizontal

sagittal and occlusal

sagittal and tuberales

186. On the panoramic X-ray may show:

dental arches, nasal cavity, maxillary sinuses, TMJ heads

cervical spine

bone age

frontal sinuses

anterior cranial fossa

187. Zonagrafia is:

layer-by-layer study of the TMJ

X-ray of the TMJ

42

occlusal X-ray

contact X-ray

TRG of the skull from the front

188. At what stage in the x-ray hand appears sesamoid bone?

the fourth

the second

the third

the first

the fifth

189. How many stages of bone tissue mineralization by x-ray Kaminek

allocated?

9

6

7

5

11

190. What processes on X-ray of the hand correspond to the stage IV of

mineralization?

ends of the pisiform bone mineralization, starts mineralization of hamate bone

appears sesamoid bone, ends mineralization of hamate bone

epiphysis and diaphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger of the same

dimensions

connection of epiphysis and diaphysis of the medial phalanx of the 3rd finger

connection of epiphysis and diaphysis of the radius

191. What processes on X-ray of the hand correspond to the stage III of

mineralization?

ends of the pisiform bone mineralization, starts of hamate bone mineralization

appears of sesamoid bone, ends of hamate bone mineralization


dimensions



192. What processes on X-ray of the hand correspond to stage I of

mineralization?




dimensions

connection of epiphysis and diaphysis of the medial phalanx of the 3rd

finger


193. What processes on X-ray of the hand correspond to the IX stage of

mineralization?


43



dimensions

connection of epiphysis and diaphysis of the medial phalanx of the 3rd

finger


194. To determine the TMJ condition using:

rentgenography method by Parm

sighting rentgenography

panoramic X-ray

TRG

axial rentgenography

195. OPG in orthodontics are used to determine:

presence of permanent teeth follicles

length of mandible

length of the upper jaw

structure of the nose

structure of the middle third of the skull

196. For measurement of the joint space size it is advisable to do:

X-ray by Parm

sonography

sighting X-ray

panoramic X-ray

TRG

196. The patient 11 years to select the design of the appliance assigned to

conduct the determination of bone age, which is determined on:

X-ray of the hand

contact internally oral X-ray

panoramic radiograph

computed tomography

dental picture

197. Patient G., 19 years assigned to the X-ray of the temporomandibular

joint in Parm. Indications for this study are:

anomalies of TMJ hard tissues structure

anomalies of position of individual teeth

pathology of periodontal tissues

malocclusion is associated with displacement of the mandible to the side;

the form of the dentition anomaly

198. The patient S., 10 years assigned to the X-ray palatal suture. The

orthodontic pathology shows using of this method:

anomalies of the upper lip frenulum attachment

anomalies of the shape of dentition

malocclusion in the sagittal plane

malocclusion in the vertical plane

44

malocclusion in transversal plane

199. Patient G. 12 years, was appointed research method which allows to

determine bone age. On what basis the child on the radiograph is determined by the

peak growth:

there sesamoid bone



dimensions


size of the epiphysis and diaphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger are

the same

200. Patient L., 18 years old diagnosed with retention of 13 and 23 teeth.

What research method to use in this situation to determine surgical

intervention at the opening of crowns of teeth

dental X-ray

MRI diagnostic

computer diagnosis

orthopantomography

radiograph by Parm

201. Patient K. 19 years old, complains of crunching in the temporo-

mandibular joint. What method of research be conducted to diagnose disorders?

X-ray by Parm

TRG

OPG

dental X-ray

sonography

202. Patient S. complains of limited mouth opening. The dentist puts a

preliminary diagnosis of anterior dislocation of the TMJ disc. What method of

research conducted to diagnose disorders?

radiograph by Parm

TRG

MRI

dental X-ray

OPG

203. Patient N. 18 years of complaints about the gap between the upper

central incisors. Orthodontic dentist diagnosed a low attachment of the frenulum of

the upper lip, with the transition to the incisal papilla. What method of research

conducted to clarify the surgical intervention?

x-ray at bite

TRG

radiograph at Parm

dental X-ray

OPG

45

204. Patient K., 8 years old complains of presence on the upper jaw tooth is

an unusual shape in the frontal portion. What method of research is logical to use

in this situation for further violations?

OPG

radiograph of prices

TRG

radiograph at Parm

CT

205. Patient M., 18 years old complains of discomfort in the region of the

angle of the mandible on the left that connects with the eruption of the third

permanent molar. What method of research is logical to use in this situation for

further violations?

OPG


TRG

radiograph at Parm

the x-ray of hand

206. The patient F. 15 years old complains of lack of tooth of the second

premolar in the upper jaw on the left. What method of research is logical to use in

this situation for further violations?

OPG

radiograph at bite

TRG

radiograph at Parm

the x-ray hand

207. The patient 18 years old of the preliminary diagnosis: retention of third

permanent molars. What method of research is logical to use in this situation for

further violations?

OPG


TRG

radiograph at Parm

the x-ray hand

208. Patient set a bone age of 10 years. What research method for this age

using?

X-ray of hand


TRG

radiograph at Parm

OPG

209. Patient F. 7 years on the upper jaw cut through a tooth is atypical in

form. What method of research is logical to use in this situation for further

violations?

OPG

46

CT

TRG

radiograph by Parm

x-ray hand

210. Patient G. 12 years diagnosed with distal occlusion. To solve the tactics

of treatment the orthodontist recommended to determine the bone age of the

patient?

X-ray of hand

CT

TRG

radiograph by Parm

OPG

211. The method of cephalometry research in contrast to panoramic

radiography allows to:

to reduce or minimize distortion of the object that is shooting

to determine the status of the TMJ

to display the upper jaw

to display the lower jaw

to display the maxillary sinuses

212. The technique of decoding cephalometry Schwartz provides a

definition of such parameters:

angular and linear

linear

corner

digital

graded

213. Schwartz suggested that the analysis of cephalometry in such

projections:

lateral

frontal

corner

transversal

axial

214. The holding side of the cephalometry is shown in the anomalies of

occlusion in these planes:



sagittal and occlusal

sagittal and Frankfurt

axial and transversal

215. When conducting cephalometry lateral distance object-film should be:

minimum

maximum

sredim

47

relative

proportional

216. With correct cephalometry it turns out this image:

1 : 1

1 : 2

1 : 3

1 : 4

1 : 5

217. To obtain an image of the soft tissues contours of the face when

conducting side of the cephalometry should:

contrasting

fixation of the head with craniostat

the increase of the distance object – film

reduction in the distance object – film

concealed

218. When conducting side of cephalometry x-ray beam directed to:

the middle of the external auditory canal

the nose

the chin

the tip of the nose

the angle of the mouth

219. The analysis of the cephalometry by Schwartz represents:

combined analysis method

analysis of the angular dimensions

analysis of the linear dimensions

analysis of the location points

analysis of the correlation lines

220. In the analysis of cephalometry by Schwartz skin dots such letters:

small Latin

capital Arabian

capital Latin

small Arabian

Greek

221. In the analysis lateral of the cephalometry Schwarz bone dots such

letters:

capital Latin

small Latin

small Arabian

capital Arabian

capital Greek

222. Point A represents:

the most posterior located point on the anterior contour of the apical basis of the

upper jaw

48


lower jaw

the top of the anterior nasal spine

apex of hind nasal spine

wedge-shaped incisura

223. Point B represents:


lower jaw


upper jaw




224. Point ANS represents:



upper jaw


lower jaw



225. Point РNS represents:

the top of the back nasal spine



upper jaw


lower jaw


226. Point C is:

point on the top of the articular heads contour

point at the intersection of the median plane with naso-labial fold

connection point of the mandible lower edge contour and the outer contour of the

symphysis

point at the outer edge of the lower jaw at the point of its intersection with the

bisector of the angle formed by tangent to the lower edge of the body and the rear

edge of the ramuses

top of the anterior nasal spine

227. Point Gn is:

connection of the mandible lower edge contour and the outer contour of the

symphysis


49



edge of the ramuses

point on the top contour of the articular heads


228. Point of Go is a:



edge of the ramuses


symphysis


external auditory canal


229. Point N is:

point at the intersection of the median plane with naso-labial seam





230. The point Or represents:

the most low-lying point of the lower edge of the orbit


point at the intersection of the median plane with nasolabial seam



231. Point Pg represents:

the most anterior point of the mental eminence in the median section



edge of the ramuses


symphysis

point in the middle of the entrance to the Turkish saddle


232. Point Se represents:

point in the middle of the entrance to the Turkish saddle

point in the center of the Turkish saddle

point on the medial slope of the Turkish saddle

point on the distal slope of the Turkish saddle


233. Line N-Se represents:

the plane of the frontal base of the skull

the plane of the upper jaw base

50

the plane of the mandible base

the occlusal plane

vertical plane

234. Line A-B represents:

the line that connects the most posterior point located on the anterior circuit of the

apical basis of both jaws

tangent to the rear contour of the ramus

the occlusal plane

tangent to the lower contour of the mandible

spinal plane

235. Plane FH represents:

Frankfurt horizontal

occlusal plane

cranial plane

mandibular plane

spinal plane

236. Plane H is used for:

characteristics of the articular heads of the mandible location

correct orientation of the head when cephalometry shooting

determine the angle of teeth of the upper jaw inclination

characteristics of the sagittal fissure

to determine the ratio of the lips

237. Plane SpP represents:


base of the skull plane


the plane of the nose base

caudal plane

238. Plane MP represents:



the plane of the anterior skull base

the plane of the nose base

the plane of the rear skull base

239. Plane MT1 is:



tangent to the entrance of the Turkish saddle

tangent to the ridge of not less than three molars

the plane of the anterior skull base

240. Plane MT2 represents:


tangent to the entrance of the Turkish saddle


51

tangent to the ridge of not less than three molars

tangent to the cutting edge

241. The plane is called the ОсР:

occlusional plane

plane of the mandible base

spinal plane

cranial plane

plane of the base of the upper jaw

242. Line ОсР date:

through the middle of cutting overlap and touching cusps of three molars

through the frontal and posterior nasal spine

through the top of the articular head and the orbital point

touching the lower edge of the mandibular body

touching of the articular process

243. Line Pn represents:

oral tangent

bow line of the Downs

nasal plane of Dreyfus

cranial plane

occlusion plane

244. The line Pn is thus:

from the skin nasal point perpendicularly to the base of the skull plane

from the skin nasal point perpendicularly to the plane of the upper jaw

from the skin nasal point perpendicularly to the plane of the mandible

from the skin nasal point perpendicularly to the Frankfurt horizontal

from the point A to the basal arch of the upper jaw

245. When decoding of the cephalometry by Schwarz are studying the

following:

cranio-, gnato- and profilometric

anthropo-, photo and profilometric

cranio-, gnato- and anthropometric

profilo-, gnato- and physiognomic

morphometric, aesthetic, physiology

246. The purpose of craniometrical research is:

determination of the jaws relative position to the plane of the frontal base of the

skull

determining the position of the jaws relative to the Frankfurt plane

determination of the position of the jaws relative to the occlusal plane

determination of the position of the jaws relative to the Dreyfus plane

determination of the width and the shape of the face

247. When conducting craniometrical studies is the determination of the

sizes of the following angles:

facial, horizontal, inclination

mandibular, basal profile

52

horizontal, convexity of profile, inclination

inclination, profile, basal

gonial, basal

248. Diagnosis mandibular prognathia is determined according to the

classification:

WHO

Kalvelis

Grigorieva

Katz

Angle

249. The diagnosis of jaw’s growth disorders (or excessive delay) is

determined according to the classification:

WHO

Kalvelis

Grigorieva

Katz

Angle

250. The increase of the facial angle by cephalometry specifies:

maxillary prognathia

mandibular prognathia

mandibular retrognathia

maxillary retrognathia

micrognathia of lower jaw

251. Encoding of upper jaw micrognathia (К 07.00) considered in the

classification:

MKH-10

WHO

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Angle

252. The increase in the H angle by cephalometry indicates:

Mandibular prognatia

Maxillary prognatia

Mandibular retrognathia

Maxillary retrognathia

Micrognathia of the mandible

253. The diagnosis of maxillary macrognathia according to classification by

Betel'man is:

increase the size of the upper jaw

front position of the upper jaw in the skull

rear position of the upper jaw in the skull

violation of the structure of the cranial bones

deformation of any division of the jaw

53

254. On the dental-alveolar form of anomalies shows an increase in the

parameters:

enter-incisor angle

facial angle

horizontal angle

inclination angle

profile angle

255. An increase in the basal angle on cephalometry indicates:

gnathic form of anomalies

dental-alveolar form of anomalies

articular form of the anomaly

profile form of anomalies

combined form of anomaly

256. The diagnosis of the jaw’s asymmetry is determined on the

classification:

WHO

MKH-10

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Angle

257. Diagnosis maxillary hyperplasia is:

increasing of the upper jaw size

frontal position of the upper jaw in the skull


violation of the cranial bones structure

deformation of the jaw at any division

258. Reduce the inclination angle on cephalometry indicates:



articular form of anomaly

profile form anomalies


259. The diagnosis of micrognathia of both jaws is determined according to

the classification:

WHO

Kalvelis

Grigorieva

MKH-10

Angle

260. Anomalies of jaw’s size are considered in classification:

WHO

Kalvelis

Grigorieva

Katz

54

Angle

261. Diagnosis incorrect positioning of the jaws in the skull "asymmetry" is

determined according to the classification:

WHO

Kalvelis

Grigorieva

MKH-10

Angle

262. Diagnosis of the jaw deformity is determined according to the

classification:

Kalamkarova

WHO

Betel'man

MKH-10

Kalvelis

263. The increase in the Go angle on the cephalometry indicates:



articular form of anomaly

profile form of anomalies


264. A frontal jaw position in the skull is determined according to the

classification:

WHO

Angle

Betel'man

MKH-10

Kalvelis

265. Patient G., 19 years old diagnosed with posterior occlusion, the

maxillary macrognathia. Anomalies of the jaws size is provided by the following

classification:

WHO

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

266. Patient H. 20 years, diagnosed with class III malocclusion, maxillary

micrognathia. Anomalies of the jaws size is provided by the following

classification:

WHO

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

55

267. Patient V., 27 years, diagnosed with class III malocclusion, mandibular

macrognathia. Anomalies of the jaws size is provided by the following

classification:

WHO

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

268. Patient S. 17 years diagnosed with cross bite. Diagnosis incorrect

positioning of the jaws in the skull "asymmetry" is determined according to the

classification:

WHO

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

269. Patient N. 27 years old diagnosed with distal occlusion, mandibular


classification:

WHO

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

270. Patient N. 20 years diagnosed with distal occlusion, mandibular

micrognathia. The diagnosis of mandibular micrognathia is:

reducing of the lower jaw size





271. Patient H. 20 years, diagnosed with class III malocclusion, maxillary


classification:

Betel'man

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

272. Patient H. 20 years diagnosed with distal occlusion, the maxillary

macrognathia. Anomalies of the jaws size is provided by the following

classification:

Betel'man

Grigorieva

56

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

273. Patient H. 20 years, diagnosed with class III malocclusion, mandibular

macrognathia. The diagnosis of deformation is determined according to the

classification:

Betel'man

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

274. Patient G., 20 years, diagnosed with class III malocclusion, mandibular

prognathia. The diagnosis according to the classification:

WHO

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

275. Patient N. 20 years diagnosed with distal occlusion, mandibular

micrognathia. The diagnosis of mandibular micrognathia evidence:

reducing the lower jaw size





276. Patient V., 27 years, diagnosed with class III malocclusion, mandibular

macrognathia. Anomalies of the jaws size according to the classification:

Betel'man

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

Katz

Angle

277. Patient T., 30 years old diagnosed with posterior occlusion, the

maxillary prognathia. The diagnosis according to the classification:

WHO

Angle

Betel'man

MKH-10

Kalvelis

278. Patient D. 15 years old diagnosed with distal occlusion, the maxillary

macrognathia. The diagnosis according to the classification:

Betel'man

Grigorieva

Kalvelis

57

Katz

Angle

279. Patient 20 years old, diagnosed with class III malocclusion, mandibular

macrognathia. The diagnosis of mandibular macrognathia according to the

classification of Betel'man is:

increasing of the lower jaw size



violation of the structure of the cranial bones


280. Patient N. 30 years diagnosed with open bite, maxillary prognathia. The

diagnosis according to the classification:

WHO

Angle

Betel'man

MKH-10

Kalvelis

281. Patient T., 25 years old diagnosed with a deep bite, maxillary

prognathia. The diagnosis according to the classification:

WHO

Angle

Betel'man

MKH-10

Kalvelis

282. Patient N. 30 years old diagnosed with a deep bite, mandibular

micrognathia. The diagnosis according to the classification:

WHO

Angle

Betel'man

MKH-10

Kalvelis

283. The bite is:

the relation of dentition in the position of central occlusion

the relation of dentition in the position of habitual occlusion

the relation of dentition in position of anterior occlusion

the relation of dentition in the position of the right lateral occlusion

the relation of dentition in the position of the left lateral occlusion

284. To anomalies of the dentition according to the WHO classification

include:

crowding, displacement, rotation, transposition and spacing between the teeth

crowding, the vestibular position of canine, mesial and distal displacement

congestion, tortoposition, transposition

congestion, supra- and infraposition, torto and transposition

overcrowding, dystopia upper canine and supra- and infraposition

58

285. Pathology of dentition by classification E. Angle defined in this

direction:

mesio-distally

mesio-horisontal

mesio-vertical

mesio-frontal

mesio-lateral

286. The relation of dentition in E. Angle is determined by the relation of

such teeth:

first permanent molars

second permanent molars

permanent second premolar

permanent canines

first permanent premolars

287. The relation of first permanent molars by E. Angle called:

the key of occlusion

sagittal key

the permanent key

alternating key

the correct key

288. According to classification by E. Angle distinguish between these

classes of anomalies:

I, II, III classes

anomalies of relationship of the jaws

sagittal, transversely, horizontal malocclusions

snomalies of individual teeth, dentition and occlusion

anomalies of the jaws relative to the plane of the base of the skull

289. Classification E. Angle – a classification of malocclusion in a plane:

sagittal

vertical

horizontal

occlusion

Frankfurt

290. The term "labial occlusion" corresponds to such position of the teeth:

lip inclination

panama inclination

tongue inclination

mesial shift

reverse inclination

291. The term "tortoocclusion" corresponds to such position of the teeth:

rotation around the axis

below the occlusal plane

above the occlusal plane

hubname inclination

59

panama inclination

292. I class of malocclusion by Angle is characterized by:

neutral relation of first permanent molars

distal harmony of first permanent molars

mesial relation first permanent molars

distal relation of second permanent molars

mesial relation of second permanent molars

293. Mesio-distally harmony by Angle is characterized in:

mesial buccal tubercle of upper first permanent molar is within groove of the lower

first permanent molar

mesial buccal tubercle of upper first permanent molar is located between mesial

tubercle of the lower first permanent molar and the second premolar

mesial buccal tubercle of upper first permanent molar is ahead of libparanoia

grooves of the lower first permanent molar

mesial buccal tubercle of upper first permanent molar is located at megarbane

groove of the lower first permanent molar

mesio-distally harmony of the first permanent molars

294. The disadvantages of classification E. Angle consider:

characteristics of the malocclusion only in the sagittal plane

characteristics of the malocclusion only in the vertical plane

characteristics of the malocclusion only in the transversal plane

display only functional disorders

mapping the etiological factors of disease

295. For E. Angle, "punctum ficsum" is:

location of the first permanent molars of the upper jaw

the position of the first permanent mandibular molar

permanent canines of the upper jaw

permanent canine of the lower jaw

zigomaticus counterforce

296. Classification E. Engle cannot be used in case of:

temporary occlusion, permanent and mixed bite with extracted first permanent

molars

lateral displacement of the lower jaw

correct answer is absent

presence of pathology in the transversal plane

presence of pathology in a vertical plane

297. The term "supraocclusion” is characterizes the position of the teeth:


palatal occlusion



buccal-lip

298. The term "infraocclusion" is characterizes the position of the teeth:


60


around the axis of Rotation

palatal occlusion

buccal-lip

299. The term "oral occlusion" corresponds to such position of the teeth:

lingual and palatal position

lip inclination

buccal inclination

frontal inclination

distal inclination

300. The term "mesial occlusion” according to the classification of E. Engle

is:

anterior displacement of teeth

lip inclination

buccal inclination


distal displacement of the teeth

301. The term "distal occlusion" according to the classification of E. Engle

says:

lip inclination

buccal inclination




302. By Horoshilkina (chronologically) classification of Angle refers to that

period of the malocclusion classifications development:

Angle period

before angle

Simon period

Bonn

Shwartz

303. In the classification by Betel'man is reflected:

malocclusions and functional disorders of maxillofacial region muscles

anomalies of occlusion, functional and aesthetic violations

malocclusions and their causes

anomalies of individual teeth, dentition and occlusion

malocclusions and esthetic violation

304. Sagittal malocclusions according to classification by Betel'man include:

distal and mesial

prognathic and progeny

deep and open

prognathism and progeny

cross-one and -bilateral

61

305. The distal occlusion according to classification by Betel'man is

accompanied by dysfunction of the muscles:

protractors of lower jaw and orbicularis oris

lifts the lower jaw and orbicularis oris

mandibular put down and orbicularis oris

moved the mandible to the right and orbicularis oris

moved the mandible to the left and orbicularis oris

306. Class III malocclusion according to classification by Betel'man is

accompanied by dysfunction of the muscles:

retractors and protractors of lower jaw

moved the mandible to the right

moved the mandible to the left

moved the mandible to the right and put down

moved the mandible to the left and put down

307. Vertical malocclusions according to classification by Betel'man include

such types of occlusion:

deep and open

prognathism and progeny

mesial and distal

cross-single or double-sided

laterognatic and laterogenic

308. Transversally malocclusions according to classification by Betel'man

include such types of occlusion:

cross

lingually

laterognatic

laterogenic

bukal

309. Deep bite according to classification by Betel'man is accompanied by

dysfunction of the muscles:

protractors of lower jaw





310. Open bite according to the classification by Betel'man is accompanied

by dysfunction of the muscles:






311. Cross bite according to classification by Betel'man is accompanied by

dysfunction of the muscles:

62

one of the muscles-protractors of lower jaw


mandibular put down and orbicularis oris

moved the mandible to the right and orbicularis oris

moved the mandible to the left and orbicularis oris

312. Malocclusions in the sagittal plane according to classification by

Kalvelis are:

prognathia and progenia

opistognatic and byprognatic

distal and mesial

open and deep

distal and deep

313. Malocclusions in the vertical plane according to classification by

Kalvelis are:

deep (overlap and combined with prognathy) and open (rachitic and as a result of

harmful habits)

deep (frontal and lateral) and open (overlap and combined with prognathy)

deep (overlap and combined with prognathy) and open neutral

deep (rachitic and due to bad habits) and an open mesial

deep (rachitic and due to bad habits) and an open overlapping distal

314. According to classification by Kalvelis what forms of open bite:

rachitic and traumatic

front and side

symmetric and asymmetric

muscle and joint

distal and mesial

315. The guidelines describe the occlusion in a sagittal plane are:

the relation of canines and first permanent molars

the relation of buccal cusps of molars

the depth of incisal overlap

the size of the vertical gap

the presence of the vertical gap

316. The guidelines describe the occlusion in the transversal plane are:

the relation of the buccal cusps of the lateral teeth, the relation of the median lines

the relation of the canines and first permanent molars

the presence of sagittal gap

the relation of first permanent molars

the presence and size of a vertical gap

317. The guidelines describe of the occlusion in the vertical plane is:

the depth of incisal overlap, the presence and size of the vertical gap

the relation of the canines and first permanent molars

the presence of sagittal gap

the relation of first permanent molars

the size of the lower jaw displacement

63

318. Depending on the mechanism of action, external etiological factors are

divided into such number of groups:

three

one

two

four

five

319. To the child, from parents or relatives, not inherited:

systemic enamel hypoplasia

type of entity

dimensions of the jaws and their location

number of teeth

size and shape of the teeth

320. Factors of acting during fetal development, leading to:

innate malocclusions and abnormalities of development

acquired malocclusions

inherited malocclusions

deformation of the bite

premature birth

321. Postnatal factors lead to:

acquired malocclusions

innate malocclusions

inherited, malocclusions

the defects

premature birth

322. Classification of children's bad habits proposed by:

V. P. Okushko

F. Y. Khoroshilkina

L. P. Zubkova

B. D. Leporsky

E. I. Ilyina-Markosian

323. The first group of bad habits include:

habit of sucking

parafunction of the tongue

violation miodynamic balance

violation of masticatory function

violation of posture

324. The second group of bad habits include:

anomalies of the functions or functions that occur wrong

the habit of sucking

violation miodynamic balance

violation of posture the wrong posetonic reflexes

mechanical habits

325. The third group of bad habits include:

64

fixed posetonic reflexes that determine an incorrect position of body parts at

rest

habits of fingers, cheeks, pacifier sucking, biting of the lower lip

anomalies of the function (fixed functions that are not properly occur)

the habit of thrusting the tongue between the dental arches

mechanical and chemical habits

326. Prognostic factors for determination of dentoalveolar anomalies’

developed probability occurrence:

L. B. Leporska

F. Y. Khoroshilkina

L. P. Zubkova

L. I. Ilyina-Markosian

V. P. Okushko

327. Lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis refers to:

fixed posetonic reflexes, which determine the incorrect position of body parts

anomalies of function which determines an incorrect position of body parts

violations of miodynamic balance, which affects the wrong position of body parts

the habits of correlations that affect the wrong position of body parts

mechanical and chemical habits, which affect the incorrect position of body parts

328. A bad habit of putting a fist under the chin refers to a group (for V.P.

Okushko):

third

first

second

first and second

only the first

329. The nail-biting refers to a group (for V.P. Okushko):

first

second

third

first and second

only the first

330. What is localization of multiple dental caries can lead to shortening of

the dentition:

aproximally surfaces

chewing surfaces

in the cervical region

cutting surfaces

cavity of class 5 by Black

331. To anomalies of soft tissues attachment of the oral cavity do not

include:

recession of the gums

anomalies of frenulum of the upper lip

anomalies of frenulum of tongue

65

anomalies of frenulum of the lower lip

small vestibulum of the oral cavity

332. Etiological factor in the supernumerary teeth development can be:

violation in the embryogenesis

nature of power

bad habits

chronic osteomyelitis

early removal of deciduous teeth

333. The most frequently factor of dentition defects occurrence is:

caries and its complications

trauma

hypoplasia

fluorosis

bad habits

334. Normal frenulum of the upper lip is attached in the following way:

5 mm above the gingival papilla

to the gingival papilla

at 7-10 mm above the gingival papilla

above the vestibulum

6-8 mm above the gingival papilla

335. In determining the strength of lips frenulum guided by the change in

the:

interdental gingival papilla

vestibulum

attachment on lip

vestibule of the oral cavity

red border of the lips

336. In case of rickets as a factor of malocclusions development, your

examination is:

amount of vitamin D3 in the blood

form of the dental arches

form of the mandibular angle

location of the frontal fontanel

curvature of the lower legs

337. In case of impacted teeth as a factor of malocclusions development,

your acting is:

X-ray examination

biometrics of control and diagnostic models

anthropometry of the face

determination of chewing efficiency

photometry of the face

338. Absolute or relative macrodontia often contributes to the development

of the next malocclusions:

anomalies of the dental arches

66

anomalies of occlusion

anomalies of the jaws position relative to the base of the skull

anomalies of jaw size

anomalies of the shape of the dentition

339. The late eruption – disorders of:

time of eruption

anomalies of the dentition

maturation of the dentition

anomalies of the dentition shape

anomalies of individual teeth

340. What is the localization of multiple dental caries may lead to a change

in bite height:

the occlusal surfaces of deciduous molars

aproximally surfaces of deciduous molars

cervical area of the tooth

caries of cutting surfaces

carious cavity class 5 by Black

341. Infantile type of swallowing is the physiological following a period of

occlusion:

first period of temporary occlusion

period of permanent occlusion formation

first period of the mixed occlusion

second period of the mixed occlusion

second period of temporary occlusion

342. Most often reason of malocclusion formation:

heredity and early extraction of deciduous teeth

early removal of deciduous teeth and dysfunction of breathing

reduction of the roots of the teeth the mandible or maxilla and edentulous

violation of function of speech and swallowing

general somatic pathology on the background of inadequate growth of the jaws

343. Malocclusion is:

improper development of teeth, dentition, jaws and soft tissues

displacement of the dentition is influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors

incorrect ratio on the first molars and the canines in the sagittal plane

violation of the oral cavity functions under the influence of dental pathology

wrong position of separate teeth, which led to aesthetic violations

344. Abnormal or pathological bite is:

bite, with abnormal position of individual teeth, deformity of the dental arches or

abnormal relation

occlusion with abnormal position of individual teeth, and dysfunction of the oral

cavity

bite, with abnormal relation of dental arches as a result of wrong position of

individual teeth

67

bite, with abnormal an aesthetic and functional component that leads to the

development of anomalies of individual teeth

bite, with disrupts the relations in sagittal, vertical and horizontal planes

345. Occlusion is:

closing of dentition in maximum contact with the teeth antagonists

closing the first permanent molars and canines

closing of the cutters with the right overlap

closing of the fangs in the presence of multiple contacts between antagonists

closing in the physiological rest with their maximum possible exposure

346. It is considered a pathological occlusion in which:

major morphological malocclusion lead to persistent disorders and facial aesthetics

significant morphological malocclusion lead to a significant offset on the first

molar

significant morphological malocclusion lead to a significant offset on the molars

and the canines

significant morphological malocclusion leading to displacement in all three planes

significant morphological malocclusion leading to a significant deformation of

dentition

347. Deformation is:

progressive, over time, changes in the size or shape of the body under the influence

of external or internal factors leading to dysfunction

progressing, over time, changes in the size or shape of the body, leading to

disturbances in shape of teeth, dentition and alveolar bone

progressing, over time, changes in the size or shape of the dentition under the

influence of external or internal factors, which leads to a curvature of curve of

Spee


influence of external or internal factors that leads to the development of the

phenomenon of Popova-Godana


influence of external or internal factors, which leads to disruption of

dentinogenesis

348. The formation of prognathic occlusion not assist such habits:

mouth breathing

thumb sucking

biting the lower lip

mixed respiratory;

putting a fist under the cheek during sleep

349. In the infantile type of swallowing, the tongue pushes off from:

closed lips

alveolar bone

hard palate

upper frontal teeth

lower front teeth

68

350. The etiological part of the diagnosis is made on the basis of data


x-ray studies

photometric studies

biometric research

anthropometric studies

351. To determine of the following factors is most likely in the development

of crossbite:

not abrasion cusps of milk molars

mouth breathing

biting the lower lip

biting tongue

infantile type of swallowing

352. In violation of the formation of dental system of the fetus play an

important role such external factors:

compression of abdominal wall tight clothing

duration of daylight

temperature of the environment

mode of work and rest

duration of a meal

353. Orthodontic diagnosis has the following number of compound:

four

one

two

three

five

354. The morphological part of the diagnosis does not depend on data:

functional studies

radiographic studies

photometric studies

biometric research


355. The functional part of the diagnosis is made on the basis of data:

functional studies

photometric studies

biometric research


X-ray studies

356. The aesthetic part of the diagnosis is made on the basis of data:


photometric studies

biometric research

functional research methods

X-ray studies

69

357. The etiological part of the diagnosis is made on the basis of data:


radiographic studies

photometric studies

biometric research


358. A simple treatment for Zilbert-Malygin is:

to 27 points

to 10 points

to 8 points

to 20 points

to 13 points

359. Treatment of medium complexity according to Zilbert-Malygin is:

28-40 points

21-23 points

41-54 points

18-21 points

25-30 points

360. Difficult treatment Zilbert-Malygin is:

41-54 points

28-40 points

25-30 points

30-40 points

25-40 points

361. Highly difficult treatment Zilbert-Malygin is:

55 points or more

60 points or more

50 points or more

40 points and more

70 points and more

362. Using the method of determining the degree of orthodontic treatment

difficulty is possible:

to determine the average of an orthodontic treatment duration

to determine the prognosis of the retention period course

to solve the scale of orthodontic care organization

to determine the possibility of outpatient conditions treatment

to make recommendations about the optimal timing of treatment

363. The algorithm for determining the degree of orthodontic treatment

difficulty according to Zilbert-Malygin has the following number of dentoalveolar

anomalies groups, which are subject to elimination:

three

two

four

five

70

six

364. The first group of the algorithm for determining the degree of

orthodontic treatment difficulty according to Zilbert-Malygin provides:

determination of the teeth number that are moving

determination of the ratio of dentition in occlusion

determination of the direction in which to change the bite

complexity of the functions of chewing and speech normalization

complexity of the functions of chewing and swallowing normalization

365. Depending on the behavior of the following quantity types of patients

four

two

three

five

six

366. The first type of patients, depending on the behavior are as follows:

well adapted, independent; self-confident, balanced, have a clear motivation for

action

do not adapt slavishly; forgetful, scattered, irresponsible

well adapted, dependent

do not adapt, but independent; such patients openly disobey the doctor, stubborn,

rebellious

badly adapted, not independent, but balanced and have a clear motivation for

action

367. The second type of patients, depending on the behavior as follows:



action



rebellious


action

368. The third type of patients depending on behavior as follows:



action



rebellious


action

369. The fourth type of patients depending on behavior as follows:


rebellious

71


action




action

370. The second group of algorithm for determining the degree of

orthodontic treatment difficulty according to Zilbert-Malygin provides:

determination of the dentition in occlusion relation

determining the number of teeth that are moving

determination of individual or groups of teeth movement

normalization of dentition functions

determine the type of individual or groups of teeth movement

371. The third group of algorithm for determining the degree of orthodontic

treatment difficulty ccording to Zilbert-Malygin provides:

normalization of dentition functions

determining the number of teeth that are moving


determination of the dentition in occlusion relation


372. For the treatment of the children first type depending on the behavior,

most appropriate design of orthodontic appliances is:

the child will treating with any design of appliances

functionally active appliances

non-removable mechanically appliances

removable mechanical appliances

removable one jaw maxillary appliances

373. For the treatment of the second type children in dependence on the

most acceptable the design of orthodontic appliances is:

non-removable mechanically operating

functionally active appliances

removable mechanical appliances

removable one jaw the maxillary apparatuses of the action

child will treating with any designed appliances

374. In child 5 years old, the occlusion of temporary teeth. Determined

symptom of "thimble", vertical gap between the front teeth 2 mm, trema and

diastema, symptom Zelinskiy is positive, infantile type of swallowing. Formulate

aesthetic part of orthodontic diagnosis.

symptom of "thimble"

positive symptom of Zelinskiy


vertical gap between the teeth

open bite

72

375. In child 5 years old, the occlusion of temporary teeth. Determined

symptom of "thimble", vertical gap between the front teeth 2 mm, trema and

diastema, symptom Zelinskiy is positive, infantile type of swallowing. Formulate

etiological diagnosis of the orthodontic.

positive symptom of Zelinskiy

symptom of "thimble"


vertical gap between the teeth

open bite

376. At 9 years old child cos a bad habit of mouth breathing is adenoid type

of the face formed. The front teeth of both jaws in a state of protrusion, the vertical

gap 3 mm, the relation of first permanent molars is neutral. Formulate the

functional part of orthodontic diagnosis.

bad habit of mouth breathing

the adenoid type of face

protrusion of the frontal teeth, the vertical gap


maxillary protrusion

377. At 9 years old child cos a bad habit of mouth breathing is adenoid type

of the face formed. The front teeth of both jaws in a state of protrusion, the vertical

gap 3 mm, the relation of first permanent molars is neutral. Formulate aesthetic

part of orthodontic diagnosis.

the adenoid type of face

protrusion of the frontal teeth, the vertical gap


bad habit of mouth breathing


378. Examination of the orthodontic patient includes:

general examination, determination of constitution; inspection of the face and

mouth

inspection of the vestibule of the oral cavity, inspection of the face

general inspection, inspection of the oral cavity

examination of dentition and occlusion, the definition of the physique

general examination, x-rays, examination of the oral cavity

379. Gnathic form of malocclusion is:

pathology developed as a result of violations of the size of one or both jaws

pathology developed as a result of violations of the sizes of the teeth in the

dentition

pathology developed as a result of violations of the first molars location

pathology developed as a result of violations of the dental arches sizes

pathology developed as a result of dentition defects

380. Classification E. Angle, for diagnosis cannot be used if:

permanent and mixed bite with extracted first permanent molars

lateral displacement of the lower jaw

73

absence of the first permanent molars and canines

presence of pathology in the transversal plane

presence of pathology in a vertical plane

381. In diagnosis, the term "infrablue" that characterizes the position of the

teeth:




palatal position

buccal position

382. According to the classification of Kalvelis etiological diagnosis part of

the "open bite" can have the following varieties:

rachitic and traumatic

frontal and lateral

symmetric and asymmetric

muscle and joint

distal and mesial

383. The diagnosis of "maxillary prognathia" provides a classification:

WHO

Grigorieva

Angle

Kalvelis

Betel'man

384. Diagnosis – the first class of malocclusion on Anglo is characterized

by:


distal relatio of the first permanent molars

mesial relation of the first permanent molars

distal relation of the second permanent molars

mesial relation of the second permanent molars

385. Diagnosis of class II malocclusions by Angle is characterized by:

distal relation of the first permanent molars


mesial relation first permanent molars



386. Diagnosis – class II, subclass 1 malocclusions by Angle is characterized

by:

distal relation of the first permanent molars and vestibular inclination of the upper

anterior teeth

distal relation of the first permanent molars and lingual inclination of upper

anterior teeth

mesial relation of the first permanent molars and vestibular inclination of the lower

front teeth

74

distal relation of the second permanent molars and lingual inclination of upper

anterior teeth

mesial relation of the second permanent molars and the vestibular inclination of the

upper front teeth

387. Diagnosis – class II, subclass 2 malocclusions by Angle is characterized

by:

distal relation of the first permanent molars and palatal inclination of upper

anterior teeth

mesial relation of the first permanent molars and lingual inclination of upper

anterior teeth

mesial relation of the first permanent molars and vestibular inclination of the lower

front teeth

distal relation of the second permanent molars and vestibular inclination of upper

anterior teeth

mesial relation of the second permanent molars and the vestibular slope of the

upper front teeth

388. Diagnosis of class III malocclusions by Angle is characterized by:

mesial relation of the first permanent molars


mesial disharmony of the first permanent molars



Literature

Main:

1. Fleece P.S. "Orthodontics". -Kyiv, MEDICINE, 2008, - 65-163 p.

2. Golovko N.V. et al. Orthodontics. Occlusion development, diagnostic of

malocclusion, orthodontical diagnosis. Poltava,- 2008, - 101-253 p.

Additional:

1. Pubmed. – Режим доступу: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

2. Google Scholar – Режим доступу: https://scholar.google.com.ua/

3. BASE. – Режим доступу: https://www.base-search.net/

4. European Journal of Orthodontics. – Mode of access: https:

//academic.oup.com/ejo

5. Angle Orthodontist. – Mode of access: http://www.angle.org/?code=angf-site

6. Baumrind S, Frantz R.C The reliability of head film measurements.3. Tracing

superimposition// A.J.O.: 1976 :70:617-629

7. http://www.bracesguide.com/duringbraces/orthodontic-records.html

8. http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/types-of-dental-x-rays

9. https://www.slideshare.net/indiandentalacademy/radiographs-used-in-orthodontics-

orthodontic-courses-in-india-17157600

10. http://www.bos.org.uk/Portals/0/Public/docs/General%20Guidance/Orthodontic%2

0Radiographs%202016%20-%202.pdf

http://www.angle.org/?code=angf-site

http://www.bracesguide.com/duringbraces/orthodontic-records.html

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/types-of-dental-x-rays

https://www.slideshare.net/indiandentalacademy/radiographs-used-in-orthodontics-orthodontic-courses-in-india-17157600

https://www.slideshare.net/indiandentalacademy/radiographs-used-in-orthodontics-orthodontic-courses-in-india-17157600

http://www.bos.org.uk/Portals/0/Public/docs/General%20Guidance/Orthodontic%20Radiographs%202016%20-%202.pdf

http://www.bos.org.uk/Portals/0/Public/docs/General%20Guidance/Orthodontic%20Radiographs%202016%20-%202.pdf

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