the history of south and east asia in a nutshell! standard ss7h3 a-e
TRANSCRIPT
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The History of South and East Asia in a nutshell!
Standard SS7H3 a-e
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SS7H3a: Describe how nationalism led to independence
in India and Vietnam
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SS7H3b: Describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent protest
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SS7H3c: Explain the role of the United States in the rebuilding of Japan after WWII
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SS7H3d: Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square
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SS7H3e: Explain the reasons for foreign involvement in Korea
and Vietnam in terms of containment of communism
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Nationalism and independence in India (SS7H3a)
• India was a trading partner with Britain in the 17th and 18th centuries
• Britain gained political and economic power over India by the late 1700s
• Indians did not like being ruled by a foreign power and did not trust the British
• Nationalists started a movement to gain India’s independence from Britain
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What is Nationalism?SS7H3a
• Devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation
• A strong sense of pride in one’s country
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Mohandas Gandhi: India’s Number One Nationalist
(SS7H3b)• Studied law in England
• Led India’s independence movement
• Believed in non-violence as the way to produce the desired result of independence
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Mohandas Gandhi (SS7H3b)
• Because of Gandhi’s persistence:– Britain gave India some independence with
the Indian National Congress– 1935’s Government of India Act that gave
Indian towns more control over their own affairs
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Indian Independence (SS7H3a)
• After WWII Britain did not have the resources to keep India under its rule
• India gained full independence on August 15, 1947 and established the Republic of India
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Vietnamese Independence (SS7H3a)
• Vietnam was ruled by China for over 1000 years!
• Gained independence from China in 939 AD after years of fighting
• France claimed Vietnam in the late 1800s
• The Vietnamese people did not like being ruled by a foreign country!
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Ho Chi Minh: Vietnam’s Number One Nationalist (SS7H3a)
• Vietnamese Communist Party leader of the early 20th century
• Declared Vietnam’s independence from France on September 2, 1945 (it took a while to actually happen!)
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Vietnamese Independence (SS7H3a)
• Minh created the Viet Minh to fight against the French
• Fought for eight years without success
• Finally defeated the French in 1954 when they took the military camp at Dien Bien Phu
• 1955- France removes troops from Vietnam and left the country split into north and south regions
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Democracy vs. Communism: Korea and Vietnam (SS7H3e)
• The Soviets (Communism) and the Americans (Democracy)fought on the same side in WWII
• After winning the war, both sought out to help rebuild war-torn Europe and Asia
• Both wanted to spread their own form of government to other countries
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Democracy vs. Communism: Korea and Vietnam (SS7H3e)
• Both Vietnam and Korea were split into northern and southern parts after WWII
• The northern parts of both countries were controlled by communists
• The southern parts of both countries were controlled by democracy
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Democracy vs. Communism: Korea and Vietnam (SS7H3e)
• Vietnam War (1959-1975) led to a united Communist country
• Korean War (1950-1953) led to two countries on the peninsula– Communist north– Democratic south
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Democracy vs. Communism: Korea and Vietnam (SS7H3e)
• Although not successful in Vietnam, the U.S. became a “superpower” while the Soviet Union fell apart in 1991
• The U.S. successfully contained the spread of Communism
• There are only five Communist countries in the world today (China, Cuba, Laos, Vietnam, North Korea)
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SS7H3c: How the U.S. rebuilt Japan after WWII
• Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941
• Two atomic bombs were dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima which devastated the economy and government of Japan
• The U.S. occupied Japan from 1945-1952
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Rebuilding Japan: Occupation and MacArthur
(SS7H3c)• Supreme Commander
of the Allied Forces • Oversaw the
rebuilding of Japan• Disbanded the
military and closed weapons factories
• Helped write a new constitution for Japan
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Communism in China (SS7H3d)
• As of 1911, the Chinese Nationalist Party was not helping the masses of poor Chinese
• The poor started to support the Communist Party (led by Mao Zedong) which promised to help them
• A revolt led to a win by the Communist Party in 1949 and China became a communist state
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Mao Zedong (SS7H3c)
• Appointed leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the head of the government in 1949
• Mao took from the rich and gave to the poor (COMMUNISM) to create equality among all Chinese
• The communist government made a lot of planning mistakes
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Communism in China: The Great Leap Forward (SS7H3c)
• Social program started in 1958
• Meant to speed China’s economic growth
• Sought to make farming more productive– Collective farms– Grow crops– Run industries– Educate children– Provide healthcare
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Communism in China: The Great Leap Forward (SS7H3c)
• Quality of work done in the communes was poor
• Droughts and floods damaged China’s food supply
• About 20 MILLION people died from starvation and malnutrition
• The Great Leap Forward failed within one year
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The Cultural Revolution (SS7H3c)
• After the failure of the GLF, the Communist Party was being publicly opposed
• Mao began the Cultural Revolution in 1966 to stop the opposition
• Caused more problem for the Chinese people– Attacks on anyone seen as anti-communist– Factories closed, healthcare and
transportation denied to many Chinese people
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Tiananmen Square (SS7H3c)
• Mao dies in 1976• New leader made
changes but kept China communist
• Citizens still did not have basic human rights such as freedom of speech or the right to a fair trial
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Tiananmen Square (SS7H3c)• In 1989, protesters filled the
square for seven weeks, peacefully speaking against the government
• The government warned them to stop but they did not
• The military brought in tanks and opened fire on the protesters killing hundreds
• International outrage led to improvement of human rights in China