History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 1

Instructor E-Sources

PowerPoint™ Presentation Chapter 12

From Pearl Harbor through the 1960s: Texas at Midcentury

The History of TexasThe History of TexasHarlan Davidson, Inc.Harlan Davidson, Inc.

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 2

Learning Outcomes (12)

• appreciate the role that Texas played in World War II,

• understand how & why World War II dramatically changed the state,

• cite key reasons for the rise of the civil rights movements,

• comprehend the impact of the war in social & cultural dimensions.

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 3

Chapter 12

Texas at Midcentury• Texans in World War IITexans in World War II

– BackgroundBackground• Japanese attack Pearl Harbor• State support for War

– Armed ForcesArmed Forces ParticipationParticipation• 750,000 (12,000 women)• Minority discrimination• Black Texans demand equality• Texas military posts expand

Marine volunteersMarine volunteers

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 4

Texas at Midcentury

• Texas & World War IITexas & World War II– Wartime industrial expansion– Home front

• Labor premium• Women & black industrial workers• Wartime patriotism

• Politics during WW IIPolitics during WW II– Conservative political & financial policy– Factionalism – the Texas Regulars

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 5

Home Front

Nurses, Brooke General Hospital, Ft. Sam Houston

Judy Garland Parade, San Antonio

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 6

Texas Economic Life

• Texas IndustrializationTexas Industrialization– Post war expansion

• Oil & natural gas business• Port of Houston expands• Military bases & defense industries• Texas Bank resources expand• Transportation

– Federal Interstate Highway system– Air passenger traffic

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 7

Texas Economic Life

• Texas workers & urban growthTexas workers & urban growth– Changing demographic patterns

• Urban migration• Growth of segregated suburbs• Texas Mexican & African American communities

transformed• Increase in women working

– Labor Unions ~ state remains hostile– Family farms transformed

• Mechanization• Agribusiness

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 8

Texas Economic Life

Recruiters attempt to hire Texan Mexicans for migrant farm work, 1949

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 9

Texas Society & Culture at Midcentury

• The Texas FamilyThe Texas Family– Health care improves

– Family structure• Rising divorce rate• Decrease in family size• End of Baby Boom, 1960

• Texas SchoolsTexas Schools– Demand for better public education

• Gilmer-Aiken laws reorganization• Inadequate funding

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 10

Texas Society & Culture at Midcentury

• Texas Schools ~ Higher EducationTexas Schools ~ Higher Education– Growth industry

• “G.I. Bill of Rights”

• National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

• Community colleges expand

• The fight to end segregationThe fight to end segregation– Texas Mexicans

• American G.I. Forum

• Delgado v. Bastrop Independent School District (1948)

– Texas African Americans• NAACP challenges admission policies

• Sweatt v. Painter

– Impact of Brown v. Board decision in Texas

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 11

Texas Society & Culture at Midcentury

• Middle-class valuesMiddle-class values– Consensus & conformity– White elites control community power

• ReligionReligion– Protestant roots– Membership expanding n 1950s– The electronic church

• Leisure ActivitiesLeisure Activities– The rise of tourism– Sports world: collegiate & professional– Hunting & fishing

Purchasing a shotgun, hunting enthusiast

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 12

Texas Society & Culture at Midcentury

• Cultural ActivitiesCultural Activities– The Arts

• Historic preservation• Music: symphony, opera, jazz,

blues, country /western• Historical scholarship• Texas writers

– A new audience• More cosmopolitan & heterogeneous population• Larry McMurtry’s Texas

Mance LipscombMance Lipscomb

History of Texas, 4e© 2007, Harlan Davidson, Inc. 13

Key Words & Terms (12)Audie MurphyDwight David Eisenhower Chester A. Nimitz Oveta Culp Hobby Doris Miller bracero program Gilmer-Aikin Laws of 1949 Sputnik--launch & reactionG. I. Bill of Rights/Senator Ralph

Yarborough Dr. Hector P. Garcia/American G. I. ForumFelix Z. LongoriaAlonso S. Perales J. T. Canales George I. Sanchez Carlos E. Castaneda Delgado v. Bastrop Independent School

District (1948)

Americo ParedesHernandez v. the State of TexasHenry B. GonzalezHeman Sweatt/ Sweatt v. Painter

(1950)Brown v. Topeka Board of

Education (1954)Red Scare/McCarthyismJohn Henry FaulkLamar Hunt/"Bud" Adams (AFL)Clint Murchison, Jr. (NFL)Tom Landry/Dallas Cowboys"Babe" Didrikson Zaharias Buddy HollyE. M. "Buck" SchiwetzAmado Pena Luis JimenezWillie NelsonLarry McMurtry