The Human Body: An Orientation

Activity Booklet

Name: ________________________ Per: _____ #: _____

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Label the following diagram with the levels of structural organization and the examples of each:

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Identify the following body systems and label the major organs of each one:

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Homeostasis sketch (pg. 13) Negative Feedback Loop

* Draw the feedback loop including all of the information about variable, stimulus and both pathways.

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Did You Get It?

1. The study of body function is ______ and the study of body structures is ______. a. anatomy, physiology b. physiology, anatomy

2. Why would you have a hard time learning and understanding physiology if you did not

also understand anatomy? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. At which level of structural organization is the stomach? At which level is a glucose

molecule? _______________________ ________________________ 4. Which organ system includes the trachea, lungs, nasal cavity, and bronchi? The

intestines, stomach and liver? _______________________

5. Consider the following levels: (1)chemical; (2)tissue; (3)organ; (4)cellular; (5)organismal; (6)systemic. Circle which of the following choices has the levels listed in order of increasing complexity? a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 d. 1, 4, 2, 3, 6, 5 b. 1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6 e. 4, 1, 3, 2, 6, 5 c. 3, 1, 2, 4, 6, 5

6. In addition to being able to metabolize, grow, digest food, and excrete wastes, what

other functions must an organism perform if it is to survive? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

7. Which is not essential to survival? (Circle) a. water d. atmospheric pressure g. metabolism b. oxygen e. nutrients h. hydrostatic pressure c. digestion f. reproduction i. maintaining boundaries

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8. Oxygen is a survival need. Why is it so important including the terms cellular respiration, glucose, energy and ATP?

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

9. When we say that the body demonstrates homeostasis, do we mean that conditions in the body are unchanging? Explain your answer.

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

10. When we begin to become dehydrated, we usually get thirsty, which causes us to drink

liquids. Is the thirst sensation part of negative or a positive feed back control system? Defend your choice. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

11. Put the following terms in the correct order in which they occur in a negative feedback

loop: receptor, effector, control center, stimulus, variable. ______________________________________________________________ 12. List, and give one example, of the six body organizational levels from smallest to largest.

1. _________________________________ 4. _______________________________ 2. _________________________________ 5. _______________________________ 3. _________________________________ 6. _______________________________

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13. List the five survival needs. _________________________________________________________________________ 14. Which homeostatic feedback mechanism controls most body processes? Which one leads to homeostatic imbalance or disease? __________________ __________________ 15. Groups of cells that have a common function are _______________. 16. The larynx is an organ in the ____________________ system. 17. The system that functions in the storage of minerals, such as calcium, is the __________________ system. 18. The break-down of ingested foods into simpler molecules that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream is called ____________________. 19. ____________________ refers to all chemical reactions occurring in the body. 20. The ability to sense changes and react to them is called _______________________. 21. The component of a control system that provides the means for the control center’s response is called the __________________. 22. Along which pathway does information in a negative feedback loop flow from the receptor to the control center? ____________________ 23. A control mechanism that responds to a stimulus by decreasing its intensity is a ___________________ feedback mechanism. 24. The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment is referred to as ____________________.

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25. The __________________ is composed of the kidneys, bladder and urethra. 26. The function of the __________________ system is to control body processes via hormones. 27. Blood clotting and the birth of a baby are examples of the __________________ feedback mechanism. 28. Which of the following activities does not represent an anatomical study? ______ a. making a section cut through the heart to examine its interior b. examining the surface of a bone c. viewing muscle tissue through a microscope d. studying how nerves conduct nerve impulses e. observing the parts of a reproducing cell 29. Which of the following systems is matched most closely with its functions? ______ a. integumentary system – movement b. skeletal system – excretion c. muscular system – maintaining boundaries d. nervous system – responsiveness e. respiratory system – digestion 30. Your body thermostat is located in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Which of the following elements of a negative feedback loop does this part represent: a. control center b. stimulus c. effector d. afferent pathway e. efferent pathway

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Sample Discussion Questions:

1. What is the consequence to a loss of homeostasis, or homeostatic imbalance? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

2. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted in response to a drop in calcium levels in the blood. The secretion of PTH is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism. What can you expect to happen to calcium blood levels as increased amounts of PTH are secreted and why?

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Distinguish between anatomy & physiology and explain why you cannot study one independently of the other. __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

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*Booklet Rubric*

Diagrams ____/5 Did You Get It ____/10 Sample Discussion ____/5 Crossword Puzzle ____/5

BOOKLET TOTAL _____/25

Date Turned in ____________

1 day late – minus 30% ______/25

2 days late – minus 50% ______/25

3+ days late – 0 credit ______/25