the human body: an orientation: part b 1. chapter 1, part b this part will be your lab assignment....
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The Human Body: An Orientation: Part
B
1
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Chapter 1, part bThis part will be your lab assignment. Make sure
you know your anatomical terminology,
anatomical regions, body cavities, body
positions and orientation.
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Anatomical Position
Standard anatomical body position:Body erectFeet slightly apartPalms facing forward
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Figure 1.7a
Cervical
(a) Anterior/Ventral
Pubic(genital)
CephalicFrontalOrbitalNasalOralMental
ThoracicAxillaryMammarySternalAbdominalUmbilicalPelvicInguinal(groin)
Upper limbAcromialBrachial (arm)AntecubitalAntebrachial (forearm)Carpal (wrist)Manus (hand)PalmarPollexDigital
Lower limbCoxal (hip)Femoral (thigh)PatellarCrural (leg)Fibular or peronealPedal (foot)Tarsal (ankle)MetatarsalDigitalHallux
ThoraxAbdomenBack (Dorsum)
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Table 1.1
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Table 1.1
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Table 1.1
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Table 1.1
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Table 1.1
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Regional TermsTwo major divisions of body:
AxialHead, neck, and trunk
AppendicularLimbs
Regional terms designate specific areas
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Figure 1.7a
Cervical
(a) Anterior/Ventral
Pubic(genital)
CephalicFrontalOrbitalNasalOralMental
ThoracicAxillaryMammarySternalAbdominalUmbilicalPelvicInguinal(groin)
Upper limbAcromialBrachial (arm)AntecubitalAntebrachial (forearm)Carpal (wrist)Manus (hand)PalmarPollexDigital
Lower limbCoxal (hip)Femoral (thigh)PatellarCrural (leg)Fibular or peronealPedal (foot)Tarsal (ankle)MetatarsalDigitalHallux
ThoraxAbdomenBack (Dorsum)
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Figure 1.7b
Cervical Back (dorsal)
(b) Posterior/Dorsal
Scapular Vertebral Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Perineal (between anus and external genitalia)
Upper limb AcromialBrachial (arm) Olecranal Antebrachial (forearm)Manus (hand) Metacarpal DigitalLower limb Femoral (thigh) Popliteal Sural (calf) Fibular or peronealPedal (foot) Calcaneal Plantar
Cephalic Otic Occipital (back of head)
ThoraxAbdomenBack (Dorsum)
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Body PlanesPlane: Flat surface along which body or structure is cut for anatomical study
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Body PlanesSagittal plane
Divides body vertically into right and left parts
Produces a sagittal sectionMidsagittal (median) plane
Lies on midlineParasagittal plane
Not on midline
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Body PlanesFrontal (coronal) plane
Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse (horizontal) planeDivides body horizontally into superior and inferior parts
Produces a cross sectionOblique section
Cuts made diagonally
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Figure 1.8
Transverse plane
Sagittal planeFrontal plane
Liver
Spleen
Pancreas
Aorta
Vertebralcolumn
Spinal cord
Subcutaneous fat layerBody wall
Rectum IntestinesLeft andright lungs
Liver HeartStomach
SpleenArm
(a) Frontal section (through torso)
(b) Transverse section (through torso, inferior view)
(c) Median section (midsagittal)
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Frontal plane
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Transverse plane
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Body CavitiesDorsal cavity
Protects nervous systemTwo subdivisions:
Cranial cavityEncases brain
Vertebral cavityEncases spinal cord
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Body CavitiesVentral cavity
Houses internal organs (viscera)
Two subdivisions (separated by diaphragm):Thoracic cavityAbdominopelvic cavity
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Figure 1.9a-b
Cranialcavity(contains brain)
Dorsalbodycavity
Vertebralcavity(contains spinal cord)
Cranialcavity
Superiormediastinum
Pericardialcavity withinthe mediastinum
Pleuralcavity
Vertebralcavity
Abdomino-pelviccavity
Ventral bodycavity(thoracic andabdominopelviccavities)
Abdominal cavity(contains digestiveviscera)
Diaphragm
Pelvic cavity(contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum)
Thoraciccavity(containsheart andlungs)
(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view
Dorsal body cavityVentral body cavity
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Ventral Body CavitiesThoracic cavity subdivisions:Two pleural cavitiesEach houses a lung
MediastinumContains pericardial cavitySurrounds thoracic organs
Pericardial cavityEncloses heart
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Ventral Body CavitiesAbdominopelvic cavity subdivisions:Abdominal cavityContains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver
Pelvic cavityContains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
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Figure 1.9a-b
Cranialcavity(contains brain)
Dorsalbodycavity
Vertebralcavity(contains spinal cord)
Cranialcavity
Superiormediastinum
Pericardialcavity withinthe mediastinum
Pleuralcavity
Vertebralcavity
Abdomino-pelviccavity
Ventral bodycavity(thoracic andabdominopelviccavities)
Abdominal cavity(contains digestiveviscera)
Diaphragm
Pelvic cavity(contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum)
Thoraciccavity(containsheart andlungs)
(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view
Dorsal body cavityVentral body cavity
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Serous Membrane (Serosa)Thin, double-layered membrane separated by serous fluidParietal serosa lines internal body walls
Visceral serosa covers the internal organs
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Figure 1.10a-b
Outer balloon wall(comparable to parietal serosa)Air (comparable to serous cavity)
Inner balloon wall(comparable to visceral serosa)
Heart
Parietalpericardium
Pericardialspace withserous fluidVisceralpericardium
(b) The serosae associated with the heart.
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Abdominopelvic QuadrantsDivisions used primarily by medical personnel
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Figure 1.11
Right upperquadrant(RUQ)
Right lowerquadrant(RLQ)
Left upperquadrant(LUQ)
Left lowerquadrant(LLQ)
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Abdominopelvic RegionsNine divisions used primarily by anatomists
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Figure 1.12
Epigastricregion
Umbilicalregion
Rightlumbarregion
Leftlumbarregion
Righthypochondriac
region
Lefthypochondriac
region
Hypogastric(pubic)region
Right iliac(inguinal)
region
Left iliac(inguinal)
region
Liver
Gallbladder
Ascending colon oflarge intestine
Small intestine
Appendix
Cecum
Diaphragm
Stomach
Descending colonof large intestine
Transverse colonof large intestine
Initial part ofsigmoid colon
Urinary bladder
(a) Nine regions delineated by four planes (b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organs
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Other Body Cavities
Oral and digestive cavities
Nasal cavityOrbital cavities Middle ear cavitiesSynovial cavities