the human body concepts of anatomy and physiology
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The HUMAN BODYThe HUMAN BODY
• Concepts of ANATOMY and Concepts of ANATOMY and • PHYSIOLOGYPHYSIOLOGY
![Page 2: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
HomeostasisHomeostasis
• Body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment--despite changes that occur internally or externally.
![Page 3: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Homeostasis must be Homeostasis must be maintained in:maintained in:
• gas gas concentrationsconcentrations
• temperaturetemperature• blood pressureblood pressure• pH (acidity)pH (acidity)• nutrientsnutrients• WaterWater• ionsions
![Page 4: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Feedback SystemsFeedback Systems• NegativNegativ
e e FeedbaFeedbackck
• Body Body attempts attempts to stop to stop (inhibit) (inhibit) actionaction
• Most Most feedback feedback in the in the body is body is negativenegative
• Positive Positive FeedbacFeedbackk
• Body Body attempts to attempts to encourage encourage (stimulate) (stimulate) actionaction
• Blood Blood clotting, clotting, labor, labor, breast milk breast milk productionproduction
![Page 5: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5 STEPS OF 5 STEPS OF FEEDBACKFEEDBACK
1.1.STIMULUSSTIMULUSWhat action occurredWhat action occurred
22. RECEPTOR. RECEPTORfinds out what finds out what happenedhappened
3. 3. CONTROL CENTERCONTROL CENTERBrain/spinal cord—Brain/spinal cord—decide on actiondecide on action
4.4.EFFECTOR-EFFECTOR-carries out actioncarries out action
5. 5. RESPONSE—RESPONSE—return return to to homeostasishomeostasis
![Page 6: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ANATOMYANATOMY
• FORMFORM• What it isWhat it is• Example, heart, Example, heart,
blood cellsblood cells
![Page 7: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PHYSIOLOGYPHYSIOLOGY• FUNCTIONFUNCTION• What it doesWhat it does• Ex: Heart pumps Ex: Heart pumps
blood, blood cells blood, blood cells carry Oxygencarry Oxygen
![Page 8: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Levels of Levels of OrganizationOrganization
• Chemical LevelChemical Level• elements (atoms) and elements (atoms) and
molecules essential for molecules essential for
lifelife..
• Cellular LevelCellular Level• each cell has a unique each cell has a unique
shape and functionshape and function
• Tissue LevelTissue Level• groups of similar cells
performing a specific functionfunction
![Page 9: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Levels of Levels of OrganizationOrganization
• Organ LevelOrgan Level• two or more different two or more different
tissues with specific tissues with specific functions and functions and recognizable shapesrecognizable shapes
• System LevelSystem Level• groups of organs which groups of organs which
work together for a work together for a common functioncommon function
• Organism Organism Level: Level: Human Human Body-Body-groups of organ groups of organ systems working systems working togethertogether
![Page 10: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Directional TermsDirectional Terms• SuperiorSuperior• InferiorInferior• AnteriorAnterior• PosteriorPosterior• MedialMedial• LateralLateral• ProximalProximal• DistalDistal
![Page 11: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PlanesPlanes
• Fixed lines of reference --which aides Fixed lines of reference --which aides viewing of the body or an organviewing of the body or an organ
![Page 12: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sagittal planeSagittal plane
Divides body in right Divides body in right and left sectionsand left sections
![Page 13: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mid-Sagittal planeMid-Sagittal plane
•Divides body into Divides body into EQUAL right and left EQUAL right and left
sectionssections
![Page 14: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mid-Sagittal planeMid-Sagittal plane
•Divides into anterior Divides into anterior and posterior and posterior
sectionssections
![Page 15: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mid-Sagittal planeMid-Sagittal plane
•Divides into Divides into superior and superior and
inferior sectionsinferior sections
![Page 16: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
BODY CAVITIESBODY CAVITIES
• SPACES in SPACES in the body the body that contain that contain body organs body organs or other or other structuresstructures
![Page 17: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
BODY CAVITIESBODY CAVITIES• Lined with a serous Lined with a serous
membranemembrane• two membranestwo membranes• next to the cavity next to the cavity
wall—parietalwall—parietal• next to the organ--next to the organ--
visceralvisceral• Serous fluid is Serous fluid is
between between membranes membranes prevents friction prevents friction and provides and provides protection and protection and cushioncushion
![Page 18: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Dorsal Body CavityDorsal Body Cavity• Cranial CavityCranial Cavity
• houses the brainhouses the brain
• Spinal Spinal (Vertebral) (Vertebral) CavityCavity• Houses and Houses and
protects spinal protects spinal cordcord
![Page 19: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ventral Body CavityVentral Body Cavity• Thoracic CavityThoracic Cavity
• pleural cavities pleural cavities (2)(2)
• mediastinummediastinum• pericardial pericardial
cavitycavity
• Abdominopelvic Abdominopelvic CavityCavity• abdominal abdominal
cavitycavity• pelvic cavitypelvic cavity
![Page 20: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LOOK AT HANDOUT ON LOOK AT HANDOUT ON BODY CAVITIES—STUDY BODY CAVITIES—STUDY
THE HIGHLIGHTED THE HIGHLIGHTED SECTIONSSECTIONS
![Page 21: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Abdominopelvic Abdominopelvic QuadrantsQuadrants
• Imaginary lines intersecting the UMBILICUS. Divides the abdominopelvic cavity into four areas
• The quadrants are used by clinical personnel to describe the location if abdominopelvic pain, tumors, or other abnormalities
![Page 22: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Abdominopelvic Abdominopelvic QuadrantsQuadrants
• RUQ--Right upper quadrant
• Liver• Right kidney• Gall bladder
•LUQ--Left upper quadrant
•Spleen• StomachStomach• Left kidneyLeft kidney
• RLQ--Right lower quadrant
• Cecum• Appendix• Right ovary
• LLQ--Left lower quadrant
• Left ovary• Lower
descending colon
![Page 23: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Abdominopelvic Abdominopelvic QuadrantsQuadrants
• STOP AND DRAW:
• Draw a circle where the lines intersect
• Label this area the UMBILICUS
![Page 24: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The endThe end
![Page 25: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
AnabolismAnabolism
• Using energy Using energy to synthesize to synthesize or BUILD new or BUILD new tissue or tissue or moleculesmolecules
![Page 26: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CatabolismCatabolism
• The The BREAKDOWN BREAKDOWN of tissue or of tissue or chemical chemical structures to structures to produce or produce or generate generate energyenergy
![Page 27: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
MetabolismMetabolism
• Sum total of ALL CHEMICAL PROCESSES that Sum total of ALL CHEMICAL PROCESSES that occur in the bodyoccur in the body
![Page 28: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: The HUMAN BODY Concepts of ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081419/56649f165503460f94c2b9f4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)