The Human Body Systems

Levels of Organization• Remember that levels of organization in a

multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

2. Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a single function, such as connecting a muscle to a bone.

3. An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a complex function, such as sight.

4. An organ system is a group of organs that perform closely related functions.

Four Major Tissues1. Epithelial tissue- includes glands and tissues

that cover interior and exterior body surfaces.

2. Connective tissue- provides support for the body and connects its parts.

3. Nervous tissue- transmits nerve impulses throughout the body.

4. Muscle tissue- along with bones, enables the body to move; move substances thru the body

Four Major Tissues

Anatomical Planes

• This helps us to get a reference point and understand how we are looking at structures in a body.

• As we cut along a plane, we are left with two “halves”

• Label the diagrams accordingly.

Anatomical Planes- bipedal• FRONTAL (or coronal)

separates the body into dorsal and ventral parts

• MEDIAN (or midsagittal) separates body into right and left parts

• HORIZONTAL separates the body into superior and inferior parts

• SAGITTAL any plane parallel to the median plane

Dorsal/ posterior

inferior

superior

Ventral/ anterior

Anatomical Planes- quadrupedal• FRONTAL (or coronal)

separates the body into dorsal and ventral parts

• MEDIAN (or midsagittal) separates body into right and left parts

• HORIZONTAL separates the body into superior and inferior parts

• SAGITTAL any plane parallel to the median plane

dorsal

posterio

r

anterio

r

ventral

Anatomical Terms- highlight these

superior (closer to the head)

inferior (closer to the feet)

posterior (dorsal) closer to the posterior

surface of the body

anterior (ventral) closer to the anterior surface

of the body

medial (lying closer to the midline)

lateral (lying further away from the

midline)

proximal closer to the origin of a structure

distal further away from the origin of a

structure