The Human Genome

A Review

Dr. Howell

Biology I

Blacksburg High School

Look at diagram A below. What process is represented?

Meiosis

Look at diagrams B and C below. What is this called?

Nondisjunction

How many TOTAL chromosomes does a human have?

46

How many AUTOSOMES does a human have total?

44

How many SEX CHROMOSOMES does a human have?

2

What sex chromosomes does a male have? A female?

XY and XX

What is sickle cell disease?

A blood disease where the body produces an abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells

to form a “sickle” shape.

Turner Syndrome

Klinefelter Syndrome

Down syndrome

Person has 3 #21 chromosomes

Female with only one X chromosome

Match the disease to its chromosomal disorder:

Male with XXY

What sex is the individual in this karyotype?

Male

What is a pedigree?

A chart that traces the inheritance of traits in a family

What does a square represent?

What does a circle represent?

What does a shaded shape mean?

What does a horizontal line between two people mean?

What does a vertical line coming off of married people mean?

The children

The person has the disease

A male

A female

The are married

In a pedigree:

What is/are the possible genotype(s) of individual # 3 below?

Ff

What is the possible genotype(s) of individual #12 below:

Either FF or Ff

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

An autosomal recessive disorder means that the affected individuals will have what genotype?

Could have any of the genotypes

Either FF or Ff

FF

Ff

ff

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

What genotype(s) does an individual with an autosomal dominant disease have?

Could have any of these genotypes

PP

pp

Pp

Either PP or Pp

What is (are) the possible genotype(s) of individual #2?

Pp

What is (are) the possible genotype(s) of individual #7?

pp

Which chromosome are most sex-linked genes found?

X chromosome

What sex – male or female – is most affected by sex-linked genes?

Male because he only has one X chromosome, so anything

on it will be expressed.

What is gene therapy?

The process of attempting to cure genetic disorders by placing copies of healthy genes

into cells that lack them.

What are polygenic traits?

Ones that are controlled by more than one gene, such as skin color.

What disease does this karyotype indicate?

Klinefelter Syndrome

What disease does this karyotype indicate?

Down Syndrome

What disease does this karyotype indicate?

Turner Syndrome

What are some uses for DNA fingerprinting?

• Trace ancestry• Match evidence/suspects at

crime scene• Figuring out paternity

Who committed the crime?

John