Fig. 5: Polyphemus and Galatea, the parents of Celtus, Illyrius and Galas, and mythical ancestors of the lllyrian peoples and tribes (from Roscher, Lexikon, s.v. Galateia, c. 1587).

THE ILLYRICA: GREEK TEXT AND TRANSLATION

THE ILLYRIAN HISTORY

The lllyrian History is the entirely preserved supplement to Appian's

fragmentarily preserved History of Macedonia {Macedonica).

Kai Brodersen is preparing a new critical edition of all Appian's works for the

Oxford Classical Texts, which has not yet been published. He kindly sent me his

edition of the Illyrica, the text of which (although not the apparatus) differs

minimally from the current standard edition in Volume 1 of Appian's Roman

History: Viereck, Roos, Appian, 1962, 326-351. The Greek text published here is

taken from the Viereck-Roos edition (with permission of K. G. Saur Verlag,

Miinchen), and is additionally annotated with Brodersen's notes based on his use

of the important codex Laurentianus LXX 5 (/), which had not been used by

previous editors. The modern editions of the Roman History of Appian and their

various advantages and shortcomings are discussed by Famerie, Latin, 1998, 41

ff.

Conspectus codicum

V: Vaticanus gr. 134B: Venetus Marcianus 387

L: Leidensis Vossianus miscel. 7

a: Parisinus 1681 \b: Parisinus 1682 > id: Vratisl. Rhedigeranus 14 J

1:

Laurentian

us LXX 5

C: Candidi

translatio

IAATPIKH

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aiova$ xai rov *loviov

Titulus: cvnmavov gatiiaixcov IXXuQiK'rj B V, nisi quod B addit: amriavov IXXvQixy

QCDfAa'tXCOV 1

i TO, TZQOTroBa: rag TZQomSag i

1.1 The Greeks define as Illyrians those peoples who live beyond Macedonia and Thrace, from the Chaones and the Thesprotians to the river Ister. That is the length of the country, however in width it extends from the Macedonians and Thracians, who live in the mountains, to the Paeones, the Ionian Sea and the foothills of the Alps. 2 The width is equal to five days of walking, the length thirty - which is also claimed by Greek writers. According to the statement of the Romans, who measured the country, the length amounts to more than 6000 stades, and the width around 1200 stades.

II. 3 It is said that the country receivedits name from Polyphemus' son Illyrius; theCyclops Polyphemus and Galatea had sonsCeltus, Illyrius and Galas (Fig. 5); they leftSicily and ruled over the peoples who werenamed after them the Celts, the Illyrians, andthe Galatians. This mythological story pleas-es me the most, although many others arealso told by many writers. 4 Illyrius had sonsEncheleus, Autarieus, Dardanus, Maedus,Taulas, Perrhaebus and daughters Partho,Daortho, Dassaro and others, from whomarose the peoples of the Taulantii, Perrhaebi,Enchelei, Autariatae, Dardanians [and Mae-di], Partheni, Dassaretii and Darsi. Autarieushimself had a son Pannonius or Paeon, whoin turn had Scordiscus and Triballus, fromwhom nations also were descended that werenamed after them. 5 But I shall leave thissubject to the antiquarians.

III. There are many lllyrian peoples,which is not surprising in such a large coun-try; even today the Scordisci and Triballi arefamous, who lived in an extensive region,although in mutual fighting they destroyedeach other to such an extent that the remain-der of the Triballi - if there was any - fled

to the Getae on the other bank of the Ister. And this people, although it flourished in the

THE ILLYRICA: GREEK TEXT AND TRANSLATION

THE ILLYRICA: GREEK TEXT AND TRANSLATION

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ysveoSar

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TaXav Traldag

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'iXXvqtcov xai

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TtoXXwv,

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Maldov

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xai

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"EyxsXssg xai

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Aaqo-oi.

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Xxoqdicrxov

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3 KEATOV xai 'IXXVQIOV: xai om. 1

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Scordiscum filios fuisse aiunt, Peoni Tribalum C II Halova: Tlavova I

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6 IlaiWi: Tiaiomv 1

8 Auxagiea^ $s xai sx: fama est Autarios C

period before Philip and Alexander, died out, and where it had once lived, it is now no longer known by name. 6 The power of the Scordisci declined greatly because of these events, and thus the same fate befell them later in wars with the Romans, and they took refuge on islands in the same river. In time some of them returned and settled at the far reaches of the Paeonian land; this is the reason that the Scordisci still live among the Paeones. 7 In a similar manner the Autariatae, who had a more powerful army on land, destroyed the superior maritime power of the Ardiaei, after great damage had been done to them by the latter. Another maritime people next to the Ardiaei were the Liburni, who were also one of the Illyrian peoples. They were active in piracy in the Ionian Sea and the islands with fast and light vessels, after which the Romans even today call their light and swift double-banked galleys 'liburnians'.

IV. 8 The Autariatae found themselves - so it is said - in extreme misfortune, as theywere punished by Apollo with madness. They had joined Molistomus and the Celts calledthe Cimbri in an expedition against Delphi; the majority of them, however, were annihilatedeven before the attack by downpours, tempestuous storms and lightning, which struck them.Those who returned were set upon by a boundless multitude of frogs, whose decaying bod-

ies poisoned the water sources. 9 Unwholesome vapours rose from the ground and caused aplague among the Illyrians, which particularly destroyed the Autariatae, until they fled fromtheir homeland. They carried the plague with them, and from fear of it no one wished toadmit them. They travelled a twenty-three day journey and settled in a marshy and desertedregion of the Getae, near the people of the Bastarnae. 10 Among the Celts, however, the godcaused an earthquake and demolished their cities; there was no end to the disaster until thesehad also fled from their homeland and invaded the land of their accomplices the Illyrians,who had been weakened by the plague. They plundered throughout their land and contractedthe plague, and again fled, looting as far as the Pyrenees. When they were returning to theeast, the Romans, who remembered previous wars with the Celts and were afraid that thesealso might invade across the Alps into Italy, sent an army against them with both consuls,which the barbarians entirely destroyed. 11 This Roman defeat spread great fear of the Celtsover all Italy, until they chose Marius for their commander, who had not long before success-fully fought against the Libyan Numidians and Mauretanians, and who defeated the Cimbriand several times inflicted great losses on them, as I reported in my Celtic

history. These,extremely weakened and because of their weakness excluded from all countries, returned totheir homeland, after having inflicted and suffered much evil.

V. 12 Such an end to impiety was intended by the god for the Illyrians and the Celts.Nonetheless they did not refrain from plundering sanctuaries; instead some Illyrians, mainlythe Scordisci, the Maedi and the Dardanians, again together with the Celts, invaded bothMacedonia and Greece, looted many temples - including that of Delphi - and at that time,too, lost many men. 13 The Romans, who had first come to blows with the Celts thirty-twoyears earlier, having fought periodically with them since then, already had Greece and Mac-edonia under their control; after this sacrilegious robbery, under the leadership of LuciusScipio, they attacked the Illyrians. It is said that the neighbouring peoples would not giveaid to the despoilers of temples, rather they intentionally left them to Scipio without help,remembering the misfortune that had occurred to all of the Illyrians because of the Autariei.14 Scipio, it is said, crushed the power of the Scordisci, and those who remained supposedlyretreated to the Ister and settled on the river islands; with the Maedi and the Dardani he con-