The Immune/ Lymphatic System

SAMANTHA CLARK AND MACKENZIE BROUSE

Fact or Fiction?

What Do You Really Know About Your Immune System?

Immune System-What is it?

Function:

Defense against infectious diseases, viruses, and invaders

Keeps people healthy

Uses your leukocytes which are the white blood cells in your body that fight off sickness.

Signs of an unhealthy person

Developing a fever which includes an abnormally high body temperature usually along with vomiting, shivering, and head ache.

Did you know?• YOU HAVE 4 TIMES

MORE LYMPH FLUID IN YOUR BODY THAN BLOOD!

• ANTIBACTERIAL PRODUCTS MAY WEAKEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM!

Major Organs & Systems Involved SPLEEN

ADENOIDS

TONSILS

PEYER'S PATCHES

APPENDIX

LYMPH NODES

LYMPHATIC VESSELS

BONE MARROW

THYMUS GLAND

Spleen

Largest lymphatic organ

Cleanses your body of toxins

Breaks down red blood cells that no longer work properly

Sends the breakdown of red blood cells to the liver

Uses white blood cells to fight infection

Adenoids

A patch of tissue located in the back of the nasal cavity

Traps harmful bacteria and viruses that are swallowed or inhaled.

Often shrink and are nearly invisible by

the time you are a teenager

Tonsils

A cluster of lymphatic cells

Located in the pharynx

Trap bacteria or other toxins

Stop them from entering the throat

Peyer's Patches

Capture the bacteria

Destroy it

located on the intestinal wall

Appendix

A pouch of lymphatic tissue

Attached to the large intestine

It does not appear to serve any purpose in the human body

Scientists believe it may be a remain of an ancient digestive tract

Releases mucus into the intestine

Lymph Nodes

Produce cells that fight disease and infection

Storage for disease fighting cells

Humans have 600 to 700 lymph nodes

Lymphatic Vessels

A vascular duct that carries lymph

LYMPH is a fluid that circulates through the lymph system and eventually mixes with blood

Also carries white blood cells

Located all throughout the body

Immune Responses

Immune Responses are the bodies way of protecting itself from becoming sick. Immune Response is

activated by B-Cells and followed out by T-Cells.

Macrophages are also a large part of the immune system. They are mobile white blood cells that bind to sites of infection.

What is a Lymphocyte?

A Lymphocyte is a form of a small white blood cell with a single round nucleus found in the lymphatic system.

They are found inside bone marrow. This is the soft fatty substance in the cavities of the bones.

Lymphocytes then either stay located in the bone marrow or mature into B-Cells or leave to become T-Cells.

B-Cells-Immune Response

B-cells are a lymphocyte NOT produced by the Thymus Gland. They are responsible detecting antigens in the body and create an Antibody to combine chemically to counteract the antigen.

Antigens are the foreign substances that can enter the body and make your immune system respond.

B-Cells lock their sights on this Antigen and send T-Cells to attack the foreign invader.

T-Cells-Immune Response

Thymus Gland  is an organ situated in the neck of the vertebrates that produce T-cells.

T-Cells are a type of lymphocyte that are expected to attack the foreign invader after  the B-Cells recognizes it. Helper T-Cells are the cells

that help B-Cells activate antibodies to attack the antigen.

Killer T-Cells are those that specifically kill the viruses and sometimes bacteria.

Killer T-Cells

Killer T-Cells have the ability to protect us from many different pathogens. A pathogen can be a bacterium, a virus, or any other microorganism that can cause disease.

Killer T-Cells are even strong enough to kill cancer cells.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfMz5yR38nc

Skin: Main Defense Against Disease

Your skin is your main and most important defense against parasites, bacteria, and other microorganisms.

The epidermis of the skin (Outer most layer), is the barrier which these pathogens have to try to penetrate.

If the epidermis is broken which a cut our scratch, bacteria and other pathogens may enter very easily.

The dermis (inner most layer of the skin) protects from pathogens.

It has sebaceous glands  that create sebum which is an oily substance that allows your skin to have moisture and prevent it from drying out and cracking.

Cracked skin is another easy way pathogens may enter the body.

Interesting Fact: Each Human has at least 8 pounds of skin on their body making it their biggest organ.

Skin: Main Defense Against Disease Cont.

Langerhans cells are cells that sense that invaders have entered the skin and proceed to send white blood cells to fight the infection.

The skin may become red and swollen due to this reaction.

Normal Flora are helpful bacteria on the outside of the skin that prevent harmful bacteria from growing.

Vaccination and Immunity

What is a Vaccine? A substance that stimulates the production of antibodies to

provide immunity for a disease.

It is a synthetic substitute of the disease and it is treated as an antigen in the body.

Antibiotics are medicines that inhibits the further growth of microorganisms.

Example: Penicillin

Immunology is the branch of medicine and biology that is responsible for immunity.

Medicine vs. Nature

Vaccines and other medicines help keep our body healthy and prevent disease. Another drug that keeps us healthy

would be an Antihistamine. This is a drug that inhibits the physiological effects of a histamine in the body.

Used in the treatment of allergies

Interferon is a natural protein already found in the body that will inhibit the replication of viruses that enter the body.

We have many defenses to keep our body healthy and safe.

Immune Disorders and Diseases

Autoimmune Disorder is a disorder that makes the antibodies produced in the body actually damage the body instead of helping it.

Disorders: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/immune-system-disorders

Crohn’s Disease

Inflammatory Response is very common with Crohn’s and many other diseases. It is when a reaction to an injury or antigen that may cause swelling, pain and possibly loss of function.

Viteligo

Causes the skin to have a lack of pigment in certain areas. 

Review!

TOUR OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM!

Works Cited

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26827/

http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/immunity/immune-detail.html

http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000821.htm

http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/lifecycle/116.asp

http://www.livestrong.com/article/128329-skin-prevent-disease/

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/immune-system-disorders

www.innerbody.com/image/limpov.html

http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/features/boost-immune-system?page=2

http://www.chop.edu/healthinfo/all-about-the-immune-system.html

http://kidshealth.org/kid/ill_injure/sick/adenoids.html

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352770/lymphatic-system/283753/Bone-marrow