the immune system. the perfect worldthe real world col d fl u chicken pox stomac h upset help me !...
TRANSCRIPT
• IgG & IgM predominate in plasma while IgG &IgA are the major isotypes in extracellular fluid within the body
• IgA predominates in secretions across epithelial including breast milk. The fetus received IgG from the mother by transplacental transport. IgE is found mainly with mast cells (specially of respiratory tract, GIT & skin)
• The brain is normally devoid of immunoglobulins
J
DV
J
V
VL
CL
VH
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4 (some antibody classes only)
The basic structure of immunoglobulin
Hinge region
Fc
Fab
Light chainHeavy chain
Constant domain
Variable domain
Antibody can be secreted from plasma cells or expressed on the cell surface of B
lymphocytes. in both forms, they recognize and bind foreign antigens
Ag-Ab interaction enhance phagocytosis
Video film (2)
Antigen antibody interaction facilitates phagocytosis
Tissues of the immune System
Primary (Central) Lymphoid Organs
Bone Marrow Thymus
Where B & T cells become competent to Respond to Ag
Secondary lymphoid organs
Spleen Lymph nodes MALT
- Tonsils- Peyer’s patches- Appendix- Bronchial & mammarytissue
Where Adaptive IR is Initiated
Immunity is the result of the action of two types lymphocytes, Immunity is the result of the action of two types lymphocytes, the the B lymphocytesB lymphocytes and the and the T lymphocytesT lymphocytes . .
B cells produce antibodies that are secreted into the blood and B cells produce antibodies that are secreted into the blood and lymphlymph . .
T cells attack the cells that have antigens that they recognizeT cells attack the cells that have antigens that they recognize..
Killer T Cells (lymphocytes) recognize surface markers on other cells labeled for destruction. They, Killer T Cells, help to keep virus-infected or malignant cells in check.
Here, a smaller Killer T Cell (arrow) is attacking and killing a much larger flu virus-infected target. The sequence represents 30 minutes elapsed time.
• Once a white cell has left the blood vessel and Once a white cell has left the blood vessel and migrated to the enemy, the next job is to EAT the migrated to the enemy, the next job is to EAT the microbe.microbe.
• The The macrophage macrophage is a large phagocyte. A is a large phagocyte. A phagocytephagocyte is an eating cell (phago = "eating", is an eating cell (phago = "eating", cyte = "cell") which engulfs invaders. cyte = "cell") which engulfs invaders.
The scanning electron micrograph above, shows a human macrophage (gray) approaching a chain of Streptococcus pyogenes (yellow). Riding atop the macrophage is a spherical lymphocyte. Both macrophages and lymphocytes can be found near an infection, and the interaction between these cells is important in eliminating infection.