the industrial revolution ch. 22 bell-ringer: describe all the jobs you have held. if you’ve never...
TRANSCRIPT
The Industrial Revolution
• Ch. 22• Bell-ringer: Describe
all the jobs you have held. If you’ve never had a job, what job will you have first? What do you hope to do for your first REAL job?
Agricultural Revolution
• Preceded Industrial Revolution– Farming innovations made
food production easier• Crop rotation
• Iron Plow
• Small group of farmers replaced the many – Huge labor force created
Industrial Revolution
• Began in G.B.– Favorable Factors of
Production• Land (resources)
• Capital (money and tools)
• Labor (workforce)
Industrial Revolution
• Mechanization– Automatic Machinery
• Textile industry– Richard Arkwright
• Water-powered spinning mill
Industrial Revolution
• Eli Whitney– Cotton gin- separated
seeds from cotton• Slave labor increased
profits
Industrial Revolution
• Henry Bessemer– Bessemer Process-
efficient way of producing steel
• More effective than iron in steam engines
• Could withstand higher temperatures
Industrial Revolution
• New methods of transportation developed to transport goods– Canals
– Stone roadways
• Steam Locomotives
• Steamboats- Robert Fulton– Benefit?
Industrial Revolution
• Communication– Morse Code- Samuel
Morse• Instant communication
over large distances
• Clip?
Industrial Revolution
• Spread to other countries– France and U.S.
Life during the I.R.
• Low wages– Higher for men
• Hours– 14 hours/6 days/week
• Children (<6 years old)– Strict (beaten for being late)
• Living– Tenements (apartment
buildings crammed)
Life During the I.R.
• Development of Middle class– Doctors, lawyers,
merchants, bankers, and business owners
• New opportunities for women– Nurses, teachers, and
phone operators eventually
New Ideas
• Interchangeable parts
• Henry Ford Assembly line
Capitalism
• Europe and U.S.• Privately owned
factors of production– Not the gov
• Corporations– Sell stock
• Monopolies developed– Complete control
over single good or service
Business Cycle
• Increased demand for one good might increase demand for other goods– Opposite is also
true
• Examples anyone?
Reforms
• Restrictions set for women and children
• Strikes, unions, and collective bargaining OH MY!
Socialism
• Government owns means of production for the good of all– Karl Marx, strong
proponent of socialism• Workers must unite to
overthrow capitalism
• Communism political movements to bring socialism– All communists are
socialists, but not all socialists are communist