The Industrial The Industrial RevolutionRevolution

I. Began in the mid 1700’sI. Began in the mid 1700’s

A. in N. England and S. ScotlandA. in N. England and S. Scotland

B. Started after Agricultural Rev., but once started, B. Started after Agricultural Rev., but once started, both on same pageboth on same page

II. Agricultural RevolutionII. Agricultural Revolution

A. Enclosure MovementA. Enclosure Movement 1.Wealthy landowners bought most of land from 1.Wealthy landowners bought most of land from

village farmersvillage farmers 2. Wealthy farmers wanted to increase harvest to 2. Wealthy farmers wanted to increase harvest to

increase profitincrease profit a. looked to scientific revolution and enlightenment for ideasa. looked to scientific revolution and enlightenment for ideas b. kept careful records from one yr. to next to compare stylesb. kept careful records from one yr. to next to compare styles c. shared ideas with other farmersc. shared ideas with other farmers

3. Seed drill invented, 17213. Seed drill invented, 1721 a. Jethro Tull- scientific farmera. Jethro Tull- scientific farmer b. scattering seeds was wasteful, dig trenchb. scattering seeds was wasteful, dig trench

II. Agricultural RevolutionII. Agricultural Revolution

B. Crop RotationB. Crop Rotation1. Two and three-field system of middle ages left land 1. Two and three-field system of middle ages left land

unused between harvestsunused between harvestsa. 1/3 country land was not producing every yeara. 1/3 country land was not producing every year

2. Rotate Crops2. Rotate Cropsa. One yr. plant wheat or barley—wears out soila. One yr. plant wheat or barley—wears out soil

b. Next yr. plant turnips or clovers—restore soilb. Next yr. plant turnips or clovers—restore soil

II. Agricultural RevolutionII. Agricultural Revolution

C. Improved livestockC. Improved livestock1. Only allows best animals to breed1. Only allows best animals to breed

a. increased weight and tastea. increased weight and taste

1.1. 1700, avg. steer = 370 lbs.,1700, avg. steer = 370 lbs.,

2.2. 1786 = 840 lbs.1786 = 840 lbs.

3. 1700, avg. sheep = 28 lbs.,3. 1700, avg. sheep = 28 lbs.,

4. 1786 = 100 lbs.4. 1786 = 100 lbs.

III. Effects on PopulationIII. Effects on Population

A. Scientific Farming had 2 fold effectA. Scientific Farming had 2 fold effect1. Better livestock and rising crop = more food1. Better livestock and rising crop = more food

a. Fewer people went hungrya. Fewer people went hungry

2. Enclosure movement forced farmers off land and 2. Enclosure movement forced farmers off land and became labor forcebecame labor forcea. Went to Colonies in Americaa. Went to Colonies in Americab. Moved to City to look for workb. Moved to City to look for work

B. Population doubled from 1750 to 1850B. Population doubled from 1750 to 18501. increased food1. increased food2. medical advances2. medical advances3. better health = more marriages = more children3. better health = more marriages = more children

IV. Great Britain—Home of the IV. Great Britain—Home of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

A. Abundant Natural ResourcesA. Abundant Natural Resources1. 3 Necessary resources1. 3 Necessary resources

a. Water power—supplied energy for machinesa. Water power—supplied energy for machines

b. Coal—supplied energy for machinesb. Coal—supplied energy for machines

c. Iron ore—made machines, tools, bldgs., etc.c. Iron ore—made machines, tools, bldgs., etc.

IV. Great Britain—Home of the IV. Great Britain—Home of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

B. Geography—benefit of being an islandB. Geography—benefit of being an island1. Overseas trade gave access to raw materials and 1. Overseas trade gave access to raw materials and

marketsmarkets2. Trade= wealthy class of ship owners with $ to spare for 2. Trade= wealthy class of ship owners with $ to spare for

new projectsnew projects

C. Strong banking systemC. Strong banking system1. G.B. most developed system in Europe1. G.B. most developed system in Europe2. Understood importance of loaning $ at reasonable 2. Understood importance of loaning $ at reasonable

interest ratesinterest ratesa. resulted in better machinery and new factoriesa. resulted in better machinery and new factories

IV. Great Britain—Home of the IV. Great Britain—Home of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

D. Political StabilityD. Political Stability1. No war fought on British soil during 1700’s1. No war fought on British soil during 1700’s

2. Gov’t. favored economic growth with laws that 2. Gov’t. favored economic growth with laws that encouraged investmentsencouraged investments

E. Favorable Climate for new ideasE. Favorable Climate for new ideas1. Royal Society—“Club” for exchanging scientific ideas 1. Royal Society—“Club” for exchanging scientific ideas

and practical inventionsand practical inventions

V. Many New InventionsV. Many New Inventions

A. Many were for textile industryA. Many were for textile industry1. Sped up ability to weave and spin1. Sped up ability to weave and spin

2. Cotton Gin, 17932. Cotton Gin, 1793a. Eli Whitneya. Eli Whitney

b. Slaves picked 10 times more in a dayb. Slaves picked 10 times more in a day

V. Many New InventionsV. Many New Inventions

B. FactoriesB. Factories1. New machines too large for homes1. New machines too large for homes

2. Needed water to power machines, therefore 2. Needed water to power machines, therefore factories needed to be near lakes and streamsfactories needed to be near lakes and streams

V. Many New InventionsV. Many New Inventions

C. Steam Engine C. Steam Engine 1. Watt1. Watt

2. 1st time source of power could be used anywhere, 2. 1st time source of power could be used anywhere, anytimeanytime

3. Continued improvement from 1763 into the 1800’s3. Continued improvement from 1763 into the 1800’s

VI. TransportationVI. Transportation

A. Before changes Harbors and Rivers were main A. Before changes Harbors and Rivers were main sourcesource

1. Problems1. Problemsa. To get from one water-way to another, had to unload a. To get from one water-way to another, had to unload

barge and fill wagons to cross land, then fill next bargebarge and fill wagons to cross land, then fill next barge

2. Answers2. Answersa. Canalsa. Canals

1. human made water ways1. human made water ways2. late 1700’s to early 1800’s2. late 1700’s to early 1800’s3. built 4000 miles of canals3. built 4000 miles of canals4. this slashed cost of transportation4. this slashed cost of transportation5. more raw materials could get to more places5. more raw materials could get to more places

VI. TransportationVI. Transportation

b. Roadsb. Roads

1. 1800’s improved roads1. 1800’s improved roads

2. large layers of rock filled with crushed rock2. large layers of rock filled with crushed rock

3. Wagons could travel regardless of rain and mud3. Wagons could travel regardless of rain and mud

c. Railroadc. Railroad

1. Steam engine made this possible1. Steam engine made this possible

2. By 1820’s, hundreds were in operation2. By 1820’s, hundreds were in operation

3. By 1850, many different rail lines went all over G.B. 3. By 1850, many different rail lines went all over G.B. connecting citiesconnecting cities

4. used as transportation for work4. used as transportation for work

5. “iron horse” meant problems for canal owners and 5. “iron horse” meant problems for canal owners and freight wagon ownersfreight wagon owners

VI. TransportationVI. Transportation

3.3. Four Major Effects of Railroads Four Major Effects of Railroadsa. Encouraged further industrializationa. Encouraged further industrialization

1. faster, cheaper to transport raw materials and finished 1. faster, cheaper to transport raw materials and finished productsproducts

2. could build factories in more locations 2. could build factories in more locations b. Provided millions of new jobsb. Provided millions of new jobs

1. coal 1. coal 2. iron2. iron3. building of RR3. building of RR

c. Progress in Agriculturec. Progress in Agriculture1. farmers could send produce to markets1. farmers could send produce to markets2. fishermen could sell fish in inland cities2. fishermen could sell fish in inland cities

4. Positive attitude about travel4. Positive attitude about travel1. leisure1. leisure2. commuting2. commuting

VII. Spread of the RevolutionVII. Spread of the Revolution

A. Industrialization did not spread b/c G.B. wanted to keep it A. Industrialization did not spread b/c G.B. wanted to keep it a secreta secret

1. Until 1825, illegal for engineers, mechanics and 1. Until 1825, illegal for engineers, mechanics and toolmakers to leave the country.toolmakers to leave the country.

B. Eventually, snuck out of country to America.B. Eventually, snuck out of country to America.

C. Global Economy begins and making a division in C. Global Economy begins and making a division in economic/ social classeseconomic/ social classes

D. Karl Marx is given fuel for idea of socialism/communismD. Karl Marx is given fuel for idea of socialism/communism

VIII. Reasons England/ US did not VIII. Reasons England/ US did not see violent revolutionsee violent revolution

A. ReformsA. Reforms

1. Unions formed1. Unions formed

a. Gave workers sense of pridea. Gave workers sense of pride

b. Gave workers a sayb. Gave workers a say

2. Protective Laws2. Protective Laws

a. 1842 Mines Act– no women a. 1842 Mines Act– no women or children 10&U, in mines or children 10&U, in mines

b. 1847 10 Hrs. Act– Women and b. 1847 10 Hrs. Act– Women and children children

VIII. Reasons England/ US did not VIII. Reasons England/ US did not see violent revolutionsee violent revolution

B. ProductivityB. Productivity1. Previously, Low productivity1. Previously, Low productivity

a. 18 hrs. to make shoe, expensivea. 18 hrs. to make shoe, expensive

2. Division of Labor, High productivity2. Division of Labor, High productivitya. a. FactoriesFactories allowed for many men to workon one shoe allowed for many men to workon one shoeb. Each man produces more (increased productivity), b. Each man produces more (increased productivity),

hours hours shorter, pay is higher, make more of productshorter, pay is higher, make more of product

3. Material Plenty for ALL3. Material Plenty for ALLa. workers can now afford products a. workers can now afford products