The Industrial Revolution

The Invention Revolution

1800---41 patents were approved1860----4357 patents were approved

Vocab Urban-cities (factories) Rural-country (farms) Agriculture-farming Commerce-buying and selling of goods Textiles-Cloth Cash Crop-primary crop being sold Free Enterprise System-a type of

economy in which people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want

Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to the old ways. The moment an American hears the word “invention”, their ears perk up.

Friedrich List (German visitor)

Free Enterprise System Property and business are owned by

individuals The desire to make a profit motivates people Individuals, not the government, decide what

to buy and what to manufacture and sell Competition encourages businesses to

improve goods and services and to keep prices down

The government protects private property and makes sure businesses operate fairly

Bottom line: The people, not the government, are in control

Eli Whitney's Cotton gin

Allowed MUCH more cotton to be cleaned and processed daily

Created an increased need for slaves and fieldworkers to process the cotton

Eli Whitney's Interchangeable Parts Made production much easier, quicker,

productive, and cheaper Often done by machine Contributed to the growth of mass

production in manufacturing

John Deere and the Steel Plow Made plowing much easier and faster

Cyrus McCormick's Mechanical Reaper Greatly increased farm production

Samuel Morse’s Telegraph Improved communication-reducing the time

need for reflection and decision making

James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny

Spun thread into cloth

Elias Howe’s Sewing Machine Allowed cloth to be made into clothes quickly

Samuel Slater---Father of the factory system Mass production of textiles for making

clothing and other goods using steam engines

Increased demand for factory workers

Lowell Mills

Factory Working Conditions Long hours Tedious tasks Dangerous Often used children

The TransportationThe TransportationRevolutionRevolution

First turnpike

1790--Lancaster PA

Conestoga Covered Wagons

Erie Canal System

Begun in 1817, completed in 1825

Principal canal routes---1840

Steamboat—Robert Fulton 1807 Clermont

Clipper Ships

The Iron Horse

1830—13 Miles of track 1850—9000 miles of track 1860—31,000 miles of track

The Transcontinental Railroad Connected the

Eastern U.S. to the Western U.S.

The majority of the Central Pacific workers were Chinese immigrants

The majority of the Union Pacific workers were Irish immigrants

The Gadsden Purchase The U.S. purchased a strip of land from

Mexico in 1853 in order to finish the Transcontinental Railroad

Northern Economy

Factories, Mills, Textiles The factory system brought workers and

machines together under one roof Most were built near a water source to

power the machines People left farms and crowded into cities Supported high tariffs

Southern Economy

Agricultural (farming) The cotton gin increased the need for

cheap slave labor Before the cotton gin a worker could

only clean about one pound of cotton per day. With the cotton gin one worker could now clean about 50 pounds of cotton per day

Opposed high tariffs

Immigration

Many Irish and German immigrants came to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century to escape a famine caused by a potato crop failure

Effects of the Industrial Revolution People moving to the cities in the

U.S. in the mid-1800s to find better paying jobs led to increased urbanization.

The construction of roads, canals, and railroads also played a role in rapid industrialization and urbanization in the 19th century.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution With many people in the north working in

factories they became dependent on the south for food

With the increase in demand for food the farmers in the south became dependent on the north for manufactured goods

Created a working-class Inexpensive goods Child labor Economic growth

Effects

Pollution Increase in slavery Labor unions Improved transportation and

communication Because of standardized parts and

machine tools, fewer skills were needed of workers