the internet
DESCRIPTION
iSchools Project Team HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP. The Internet. Internet. Inter = international Net = network a global collection of interconnected networks - a network of networks “Mother of All Network”, “Cyber Village”, “Virtual Community”. Networks. LAN - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Commission on Information and Communications Technology
The Internet
iSchools Project Team
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP
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Internet
• Inter = international • Net = network• a global collection of interconnected
networks - a network of networks• “Mother of All Network”, “Cyber Village”,
“Virtual Community”
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Networks
LAN• equipment + resources • facilitate access, transfer
and distribution of data and information
• low cost high-speed data transfer
• office building, warehouse, campus, or any other facility
WAN• a bigger network = 2 or
more interconnected LANs • global companies/
agencies with common databases and information sharing needs
Internet: a network of networksaccessible to anyone connected to an Internet Service
Provider (ISP) with a PC, a modem and a telephone line.
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Client/Server Paradigm
• servers + client-PCs/users: various uses• TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and
Internet Protocol – common standard by which computers of different
types and brands are able to communicate with one another
– TCP = break down data + transmit in packets – IP = routing information to destination/s
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Internet Applications
• access to a vast load of information• Communications• Commerce• Forum for discussions, opinions• Venue for collaboration• Social networking• www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/introinternet.htm
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Basic Internet Services
• Electronic mail or e-mail, Blog • Newsgroups, Bulletin Boards, Forum, Special
Interest Groups• Mailing Lists, Discussion Groups, Social
Networks• Remote Logins• Search Engines • World Wide Web: multimedia information via
hypertext• Commerce/Trading
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Brief History
• U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DoD ARPA): ARPANET as military communication system
• 1970’s: universities - email, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and other services
• 1983: TCP/IP as standard protocol – Domain Naming System (DNS): IP addresses =
common names
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Brief History
• 1986: NFSnet linked five (5) supercomputers with backbone speed of 56kbps (universities sharing resources)– superior processing power – 1984-1988: hosts (servers) rose from 1,000 to
60,000; bandwidth increased to T1 (1.544 Mbps)– more and more countries joining
• ARPANET folded up in 1990– NFSnet + many new networks: became the Internet
of the ‘90s– Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) for
commercial use of Internet
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Brief History
• Today: over 1 billion users worldwide (Dec. 2005)– 15.7% of the world's population– over 200 countries– increasing exponentially (182% from 2000-2005)
Once the sole province of the military, research institutions and universities, it is
now available to anyone who wants it.
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Internet Architecture
• IP Addressing (dotted quad)– to identify hosts – 140.186.81.6 = two parts: network 140.186, host
PC 81.6– PC1.1 (140.186.81.6) and PC1.2 (140.186.2.3) =
same network – router needed for 2 PCs from different networks to
talk e.g. PC1.1 to communicate with PC2.1 (140.185.1.1)
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Internet Architecture
• Domain Naming System– user-friendly naming
scheme (lettered IP address system)
– domain name server
• zones: organizational and geographic
• 3-letter zones = organization, 2-letter zones = country
edu – educational institutionmil – militarygov – governmentnet – networkcom – commercialorg – organization
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Hardware/Software Requirements
• Computer• Modem for dial-up connections• Telephone line, leased line,
cellular/cable/satellite networks• Some software – browser, email
client/app, ftp, etc.
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Internet Service Providers (ISP)
• a company that provides Internet connection services to the general public to the Internet
• any online system that has direct Internet connection and provides access to it
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Levels of Internet Access
Dedicated Leased-Line Connection – by large organization; entire LAN connected to the Internet
Direct Connection – leasing fiber optic cable or similar transmission media
Dial-up Connection –most common form of connection;
ISDN: high-speed dial-up + digital phone
Broadband Connection – high-speed “always on” multi-signal connection, small to medium-sized organizations
(cable, DSL, satellite)
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Ways to Connect to the Internet
● Telephone line● Ethernet● Wi-Fi Wireless ● Bluetooth Wireless● special device (e.g.
Blackberry, Treo, combination cell phone/PDAs)
• Cell Phone with built-in modem type adapters – dial-up or through
GPRS, special data cable, infrared ports, or Bluetooth
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Comparative Performance
A file that takes 1 hour to download via a 56K dial-up connection will take about 26 minutes with an ISDN line, between 2.2 and 13 minutes over a cable connection, and between 2.2 and 26 minutes over a DSL connection would take.
- CompuKiss.com
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Web Browsing
• fastest growing Internet service • GUI, supports hypertexting • Uniform Resource Locator or URL
http://www.howstuffworks.com/computers/internet-infrastructure.htm
Transmission Protocol
Domain or Server Name: to connect to the host server machine or computer where the data is stored
Location within the server
File Name of the Web page: actual name of the HTML file
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Web Browser
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Web Browser
• Back • Forward • Reload/Refresh• Stop • Address Box• Search
• Home• History• Bookmark/Favorites
Manager• Preferences
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Portal & Search Engine
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Search Engine
• Google, yahoo, lycos, etc.– www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/googlesearch.htm
• Number of results, next page• Search tips for more specific/focused
searches• htm link vs. pdf link (open/save)• evaluating a site (appropriateness, reliability,
validity)
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Web Browser
• Portal• Search Engine
– query via index servers to access relevant document servers
– tips
• Email– webmail– POP3 email client
• Blog• Collaborative work• Groupware, eGroup• Discussion Forum
• download/upload• eCommerce• PodCasts• research• application / file downloads• Chat, Instant Messaging (IM)• Educational Resources• Online Learning / Distance
Education• Online competitions• Gaming, Entertainment resources
Learning How to Use the Internet Step-by-Step: www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/course
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• Models:– Webmail (e.g. Yahoo mail, gmail, Hotmail): must be
online to the server housing your mailbox to access and manage your mail.
– POP3 email client (e.g. Mozilla Thunderbird, MS Outlook): must be online to the server only to download your mail, after that, go offline to read, reply and manage the local mail storage; need to go online again to send
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e-mail address
name_of_user@domain_name_of_computer
• Your online identity!• Mailbox name or username - should not
contain commas, spaces and parentheses• @ (at sign)• Address or hostname – domains and sub-
domains separated by “.”
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Yahoo Email Account
1.Go to mail.yahoo.com2. “Sign up now”.3.succeeding page: “Sign Up for Yahoo! Mail” 4.Fill out the entire form, use the Tab key or the
mouse • Check validity Yahoo ID.• Security word.• “Submit This Form”.
5.confirmation page: “Continue to Yahoo Mail”6.start using your new, free Yahoo email account
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• Parts1. header
• Addressee (To:) • Carbon Copy (CC:)• Blind Carbon Copy (BCC:)• Title of Message (Subject:)• Sender (From:)
2. body - plain text files or as html file
3. signature (optional)4. attachment/s
• Services:– Receive– Compose– Send – Reply / Reply to All– Forward– Junk Mail / Spam– Address Book/Contacts– Calendar– Message Management
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Other useful online services
• Blog (blogger, blogspot)
• Teacher / Education Portals (e.g. EdNA.edu.au, tsof.edu.au, teach-nology.com)
• Online Resources / Libraries (e.g. iSchools WebBoard, elib.gov.ph, skoool, EMC online, google videos)
• Discussion Forum (Teachers.Net)
• Social Networks (e.g. Friendster, Links)
• Real-time Communications (YM, Skype)
• Online Learning Content Management Systems (e.g. Manhattan Virtual Classroom, Nuvvo, moodle)
• Wiki, Groups (e.g. Yahoo Groups)
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Commission on Information and Communications Technology
Thank you