the internet of things (iot) a brave new world · 26/09/2016 · the internet of things (iot) a...
TRANSCRIPT
201512
Jesus Alonso-Zarate, PhD, MBAHead of M2M Communications Department
The Internet of Things (IoT)A Brave New World
MASTEAM, EETAC, Castelldefels, 28th September 2016
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Gartner Hype Curve 2016
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The Fourth Industrial Revolution
1st: 1800s Industrial Revolution2nd: 1990 The World Wide Web (www) 1 billion connected devices
3rd: 2000 Mobile Internet From 2 to 6 billion devices
4th: 2020 The Internet of Things (Everything) End of 2015: 13,4 billion connected devices Prediction: 2020 38.5 billion McKinsey Global Institute (Tech Rep. 2015): $4 trillion (2015) $11 trillion (2025)
Source: Juniper Research, Technical Report (2015) http://www.juniperresearch.cpm/press/press-releases/iot-connected-devices-to-triple-to-38-bn-by-2020
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Why now?
Progress in technology makes it possible Miniaturization Low Cost
We have already connected nearly every person on the planet Opportunity to connect lots of devices
Huge Market Opportunity (despite low ARPU)
Potential Improve existing and create new businesses Enhance processes (efficiency) Boost well-being Create new jobs!!!
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1. Uncertain ecosystem2. Soft Hard Worlds 3. Natural cycles of replacement4. Companies to become Software5. Price, Security and Ease of Use
Barriers for IoT adoption
Based on: http://mattturck.com/2016/03/28/2016-iot-landscape/https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-3/Accenture-Igniting-Growth-in-Consumer-Technology.pdf
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2016 IoT Landscape
Source: http://mattturck.com/2016/03/28/2016-iot-landscape/List of companies: http://dfkoz.com/iot-landscape/
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Key IoT Verticals
WEARABLES
FUTURE DRIVING
SMART CITIES
CONNECTED HOMES
TRANSPORTATION
RETAIL & VENDING
LOGISTICS
SMART GRID
HEALTH CARE
INDUSTRY 4.0
PUBLIC SAFETYBANKING
PRECISION AGRICULTURE
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1. User Acceptance Job Destruction? Easy of use? Security?
2. Get value from Data3. Connectivity
Three Keys for IoT success
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Big Data44 ZB by 2020
44,000,000,000,000 GB
Virtualized Core Network
50 billion by 2020
Heterogeneous wireless techsConnectivity
What is connectivity?
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WIRED WIRELESSPROS PROS- Security- High Data Rate- High Reliability- Cost of material- Fast connection time- Low maintenance cost?
- No cables- Mobility- Scalability- Flexibility
CONS CONS Challenges- Lack of flexibility- Scalability- Cost of deployment- No mobility
- Low Reliability- Security (overhearing)- Lower Data rate- Interference- Connection Latency- Energy consumption- Total cost of ownership?
Wired or Wireless?
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Let’s go wireless
- Let’s go back to the 90s or even 2000s.- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)- Shall we use cellular mobile phone network already deployed?
- Energy consumption- Cost of operation- Small Data Transmission- Uplink capacity- Heterogeneous Traffic Requirements (mission critical + reporting)- Update Over the Air (massive firmware update)
- It was need a wireless low-power communication technology.- In 2003, the IEEE released 802.15.4 Standard for Low Rate Wireless
Communications technology.- Adopted by the Zigbee Alliance to become the wireless tech for
sensors and objects.
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But…we need low energy!
ENERGY = POWER(range) x TIME
Zigbee is Low Power
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The Alphabet Soup…
LTE-MEC-GSM
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A General View (Wireless)
WIFI
Bluetooth LE
Data Transmission Rate ( Delay! Energy! Reliability! … !)
10m 100m 1km 10km
Kbps
bps
Mbps
Gbps
RFID
Zigbee
2G, 3G, 3G+
LTE, LTE-A, beyond
LPWAN M2MLow Throughput Networks (LTN)
VLC
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How to select?
Reliability
Availability
Zigbee-like
Bluetooth LE
Low Power WLANProprietary Cellular
Standardized Cellular
Wired M2M
Availability = coverage, roaming, mobility, critical mass in rollout, etc.Reliability = resilience to interference, throughput guarantees, low outages, etc.(Total Cost of Ownership = CAPEX, OPEX.)
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- Licensed vs Unlicensed- Cost- Mobility of devices- Latency Requirements- Geographical Coverage- Power and Energy Consumption constraints- Required Bandwidth- Access to existing infrastructure- KPIs depending on the specific application
Selection Criteria
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Wireless Connectivity
Is there anything new coming?
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CTTC: Where we are
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CTTC: Who we are?
• Non-profit research center funded in 2001• Around 120 people
• 70 technical + 20 PhD Students + 30 Support.• Main activities: PHY, MAC and IP OSI layers.• R+D+i Projects > 160.
1) Direct contracts with industry (companies)2) Competitive Public Funds for R&D
• More than 1700 Publications since 2001• 1 Spin-off• More than 27 Scientific Awards• More information: http://www.cttc.es
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Research Divisions and Departments
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
ONSOptical Networks &
Systems
ONSOptical Networks &
Systems
MONETMobile Networks
MONETMobile Networks
A&MSPArray and Multi-Sensor
Processing
A&MSPArray and Multi-Sensor
Processing
ASIPAdvanced Signal and
Information Processing
ASIPAdvanced Signal and
Information Processing
SIStatistical Inference
SIStatistical Inference
PHYCOMPHYLayer
Implementation of High Performance Comms
Systems
PHYCOMPHYLayer
Implementation of High Performance Comms
Systems
M2M Machine-to-Machine
Communications
SMARTECHSmart Energy EfficientComms Technologies
SMARTECHSmart Energy EfficientComms Technologies
MSNMicrowave Systems and
Nanotechnology
MSNMicrowave Systems and
Nanotechnology
GEOMATICS
RSERemote Sensing
RSERemote Sensing
GINIntegrated Geodesy
and Navigation
GINIntegrated Geodesy
and Navigation
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M2M Department at CTTC
• Research on M2M Communications for the IoT
• Applications: Smart Grids, Smart Cities, e-Health, ITS.
• Focus on hybrid architecture: cellular + short-range
• Heterogeneous Technologies for 5G:
• LTE, LP-WiFi, Zigbee (802.15.4), subGHz.
• Enablers: cooperation, cognition, energy harvesting, D2D
• Focus on lower layers of protocol stack; PHY, MAC, NET.
• Tools: theory and simulation (MATLAB, COOJA, ns-3)
• Experimental touch: sensor motes, FPGA, SDR.
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GOOGLE: 507.000 hits
GOOGLE SCHOLAR: 104.000 hits
IEEE XPLORE: 6.297 papers
“Medium Access Control”
As of 11th September 2016
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Sharing Resources
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However…
ALOHA in the EN 13757-4 (Wireless M-bus) for AMR
FSA in ISO/IEC-18000-7 (RFID)
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WHAT’S WRONG?
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We need a revolution
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This revolution is called DQ
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• Communications Technology• INFINITE number of connected devices • Fair resource allocation among nodes• Traffic prioritization: QoS-enabled• No congestion under any load conditions• Performance independent of network size• Performance independent of network composition (no need to know the
devices associated to the network). This is a key value for the IoT.• Maximization of data transmissions• Collision-free data transmissions • Minimization of silence periods (no backoffs or random waiting windows)• Ultra-Low energy consumption
DQ: The Future of Wireless
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Traffic load (number of devices)
Performance
Others suffer from congestion
DQ – maximum stable performance
Performance of DQ
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http://iotworld.cttc.es
In collaboration with:
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Let’s go finishing…
The IoT will bring:- Positive Impacts- Threats - Challenges
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The IoT: Positive impacts
- Increased efficiency (resources, logistics, energy distribution)- Lower costs- Improved quality of Life and environment protection- Safety (planes, food, etc.)- Shift in labor markets and skills- New business models- Data is the source of revenue hardware commoditized- Smart world with data to better understand our world
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The IoT: The threats
- Privacy and Security- Job losses for unskilled labor (blue-collar jobs)
- 2013, Oxford University machines could replace 47% of US jobs in 20 years.- New jobs will be created. 9 of the 10 most in-demand jobs in 2012 did not exist in 2013!- And…what about a “World without job”? (http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/07/world-without-work/395294/9)
- More complex systems- Possible single points of failure for an entire system (e.g. grid)- Consequences of a potential “digital Pearl Harbor”
- High dependence on infrastructure for data and communications to do absolutely everything Target for attacks.
- Societal and end-user acceptance this is key.- Monetization of the IoT- Many technical research challenges to be solved.
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Research challenges
- Scalability (tons of devices)- Heterogeneity (applications and devices)- Network Slicing (no single solution will work for all)- Software Defined Networking (flexibility)- Fog and Edge-Computing (need to accelerate processes)- Device Management (firmware updates, etc.)- Security (many security wholes)- Interoperability M2M platforms, Standard API calls, etc.- Ultra-high energy efficiency zero-power operation is doable
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Thanks for your kind attention!
Jesus Alonso-Zarate, PhD, MBASenior Researcher
Head of M2M Communications DepartmentCentre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
http://www.theiot.es (@thinkaboutiot)http://www.jesusalonsozarate.com
@jalonsozarate