the iter project - nuclear industry association · t-3 tokamak. 1965: ukaea establishes culham...

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Nuclear Industry Association, 10 July 2019Page 1/29

a multinational partnership for new energy

The ITER Project

Martin Townsendon behalf of the

ITER Organization

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A multinational scientific collaboration without equivalent in history

A large-scale experiment to demonstrate the feasibilityof fusion energy

ITER

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To demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion power for peaceful purposes

To produce a burning plasma.

Q>10

Output (fusion power): 500 MW

Input (heating power): 50 MW

ITER mission

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60 years of constant progressTA-2000,

France,

1957

T-6, USSR,

1965

WEST, CEA-

Euratom,

1988, now a

testbed for

ITER

JET, EU

1984 to present

(ITER-like wall)

& divertor)

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The Joint European Torus1991: JET is the first machine

to achieve significant fusion

power (2 MW with 10% tritium)

2010-2011: JET is success-

fully transformed into a test

bed for ITER with a wall made

of the same materials –

beryllium and tungsten – that

ITER will use.

1997: JET produces 16 MW of

fusion power with a 50/50 mix

of deuterium and tritium ─ the

actual ITER fusion fuels.

2018: JET prepares for DT

operation in 2019)

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The UK in fusion history1934: First human-produced

small-scale fusion reactions by

Ernest Rutherford and his team

in Cambridge.

1946: First patent for a “fusion

reactor” (Thompson &

Blackman).

1954-1958: Based on

the pinch technique, Zeta was

the most powerful fusion

device of its time.

1969: Having developed

laser-scattering

measurement techniques,

Culham team spends

several months in the

USSR to verify results of

T-3 Tokamak.

1965: UKAEA establishes

Culham Center for Fusion

Energy.

1977: Construction of the

Joint European Torus

(JET) in Culham.

Operational in 1984, JET

is presently the largest

tokamak in operation and

the only one with tritium-

deuterium fuel capacity.

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The ITER Tokamak

R=6.2 m, a=2.0 m,

Ip=15 MA, BT=5.3 T,

23,000 tonnes

Vacuum Vessel: ~ 8 000 t.

TF Coils: ~ 18 x 360 t.

Central solenoid: ~ 1 000 t.

Etc.

Total ~ 23 000 t.

3,5 times the weightof the Eiffel Tower!

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Naval construction-size components…

Inside the Assembly Hall, giant tools will handle loads up to 1,500 tons

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…watch-like precision

Laser measurements of grooves in TF Coil radial plates.

Tolerances are in the 1/10th millimetre range.

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10,000 tons of superconducting magnets

10,000 tons of magnets, with a

combined stored magnetic energy

of 51 Gigajoules (GJ), produce the

magnetic fields that initiates,

confines, shapes and controls the

ITER plasma.

Manufactured from niobium-tin

(Nb3Sn) or niobium-titanium

(Nb-Ti), the magnets become

superconducting when cooled

with supercritical helium in the

range of 4 K (– 269 °C).

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Major assembly milestones

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Extensive interactions among IO and DAs to finalize revised baseline schedule proposal

✓ Schedule and resource estimates through First Plasma (2025) consistent with Members’

budget constraints

✓ Proposed use of 4-stage approach through Deuterium-Tritium (2035) consistent with

Members’ financial and technical constraints

A staged approach to DT plasma

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More than halfway to First Plasma

Etc.

➢ According to the metrics that measure project performance, 63% of the

"total construction work scope through First Plasma" is now complete.

➢ More than 750 publications from 41 countries, hailed the accomplishment

when ITER achieved 50% in November 2017. [pace is ~0.7% per month]

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February 2015

Four years of progress

March 2019

41 ITER Council milestones completed since January 2016

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Assembly Hall

Before being integrated in the machine, components will be prepared and pre-assembled in this 6,000 m2, 60-metre high building.

The Assembly Hall is equipped with a double overhead travelling crane with a total lifting capacity of 1,500 tons.

Mechanical tests are complete on both sub-assembly tools (SSAT-1 & 2). Load tests are scheduled in mid-July (dummy load on

the right is representative of a toroidal field coil in both mass and center of gravity).

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Cryoplant

Equipment installation for what will be the largest cryogenic unit in the world is now approximately one third complete.

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Lower cylinder

Base section

Upper cylinder

Top lid

Manufactured in India, the 30 m x 30 m

cryostat (the insulating vacuum vessel

that encloses the machine) is being

assembled and welded on site. The

lower cylinder and base are finalized;

segments for the upper cylinder are now

being assembled prior to welding.

Cryostat workshop

Lower cylinder finalized Lower cylinder moved to storage

Base section

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Too large to be transported by road, four of ITER’s six ring-shaped magnets (the

poloidal field coils, 17 to 24 m, in diametre) will be assembled on site by Europe in

this 12,000 m² facility. Resin impregnation ongoing for PF Coil # 5 (17 m. diametre,

~ 350 tonnes) and work has started on PF Coil # 2 (17 m. diametre, 204 tonnes)

PF # 5 PF # 2

PF Coil winding facility

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Manufacturing ProgressTotal average component manufacturing

through First Plasma is >65% complete.

PF Coil #1 Winding Pack

Cryostat Lower Cylinder PF Coil #6 Vacuum Vessel sector

Thermal Shield Central Solenoid Port Stub Extension Divertor Cassette Prototype

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Manufacturing Progress

Poloidal Field Coil #5Insertion of TF Coils in cases Divertor target high heat flux testing CS support structure

Vacuum Vessel Sector Assembly Magnet clamp fabricationCryoline production

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F4E contracts to UK : 238 M€

Total contracts attributed to UK

companies and institutions by

the European Domestic Agency

for ITER (Fusion for Energy)

amount to a total of 238,4 M€.

Examples of beneficiaries:

• United Kingdom Atomic

Energy Authority (CCFE)

• University of Durham (DU)

• AMEC Nuclear UK limited

• Atkins Ltd

• Norton Rose LLP

• ASSYSTEM UK

• Oxford Technologies Ltd

• SERCO Limited

• Debevoise & Plimpton LLP

• Liberty Mutual Insurance

Europe - LIM

• Knight Optical (UK) Ltd

• BURGES SALMON LLP

• The Welding Institute

• Frazer Nash Consultancy

Limited

• Project Time & Cost

International Ltd.

• Etc.

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• June 2016: a ten-year

EUR 174 million contract

with the MOMENTUM

joint venture led by Amec

Foster Wheeler (UK) (now

“Wood”) in partnership

with Assystem (France)

and KEPCO Engineering

and Construction (Korea).

IO contracts to UK : >60 M€ Contracts signed with UK companies cover a wide range of activities from Project Management, R&D,

studies, as well as design support, engineering and procurement services.

• Major contractors (> 500 k€:

• Project Time & Cost UK Ltd

• PES Limited (UK)

• FIRCROFT ENGINEERING

SERVICES LTD

• United Kingdom Atomic Energy

• Nuvia Ltd

• Charles Kendall & Partners

limited

• Element Materials Technology

• UKAEA Ltd

• Science&Technology Facilities

• Etc.

• Worksite contractors:

• Atkins Global (Design

Engineering)

• Kirkleatham Design Ltd

(Technical assistance)

• Leap 29 (Technical

assistance)

• Taskscene Ltd. (Electrical

engineering)

• Halcrow (EnergHIA

consortium)

• Etc.

These figures do not include UK companies based outside the UK, whose values are summed up with the country in which they are based.

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Collaborations with JET/UKAEA

“The scale of JET

plasmas allows access

to a range of key

parameters close

to those of ITER,

thus reducing the

uncertainties”

Ongoing:

• Plasma Operation

and Plasma

Scenarios

• Nuclear Safety &

Licensing

• Auxiliary Systems

• Operations

Management (contract

with CCFE)

• Robotics.

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Engineering innovation: robotics

Contractors for the Institute of Plasma

Physics of the Chinese Academy of

Sciences (ASIPP) have designed a

high-power (20 kV) laser weld system

for the ITER correction coils.

Welding operations for correction coils

are particularly challenging with the

negotiation of non-standard shapes,

gap tolerances of less than 0.3 mm and

weld thickness of 2 cm…

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Engineering innovation: vacuum systems

The ITER vacuum system will be one of the largest, most

complex vacuum systems ever built: the cryostat, at ~ 8500m3;

the torus, at ~1330 m3; the neutral beam injectors at ~180m3

each; plus lower volume systems.

More than 400 vacuum pumps will employ 10 different

technologies.

Final design involved new fabrication methods to reduce cost

and manufacturing time of cryo-panels and thermal shields

within the pumps.Torus and Cryostat Cryo-pump (1.8 m. diameter)

Neutral Beam

Injection Cryo-pump:

8 meters long, 2.8

meters high.

8-tonne machined flange of the first Torus Cryo-pump.

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High technology

filters

Explosive

forming

Ultrahigh

speed signal

transmission

(TeraHertz)

Power

electronics

Etc.

Gyrotrons

Innovation: other areas…

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Distribution by Member

Who works for ITER?

March 2019

62.2%9.2%

4.0%

3.3%4.1%

4.6% 5.8%

The international staff of the ITER Organization (Central Team) comprises ~ 850 persons (35 countries). Close to 500 contractors and experts are directly working for ITER in Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.

More than 3,000 specialists are involved in ITER throughout the world.

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Challenges ahead➢ ITER Organization, Domestic Agencies and suppliers working

as “One-ITER Team” with a strong project culture;

➢ Strict respect by suppliers for quality and safety requirements;

➢ Strict respect by all stakeholders for the schedule

requirements, in particular for the required delivery dates for

materials and equipment on the ITER site;

➢ Reliable and fully integrated assembly/construction

sequences on ITER site;

➢ Contracting with high performing and experienced

companies for the assembly activities in the Tokamak

Complex;

➢ Setting in place a well-suited organization in charge of

commissioning;

➢ Setting in place a well-suited organization to conceive and

execute the progressive take-over of the machine, ultimately

for its operation and maintenance;

➢ Timely, reliable availability of the planned and committed

resources from the seven ITER Members.

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ITER is moving forward!

http://www.iter.org

the iter project - nuclear industry association · t-3 tokamak. 1965: ukaea establishes culham...

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