the kennedy/johnson years 1960 -1968 pgs. 502 – 525 time of peace / prosperity section 1 - kennedy...

The Kennedy/Johnson Years 1960 -1968 pgs. 502 – 525

Time of peace / prosperity

Section 1 - Kennedy & the Cold War

Prior to 1960 election -

Rivalry betwn. U.S. & Russia

Americans worried about :

Who was President ?

Racial Discrimination

Cold War

The Kennedy/Johnson Years 1960 -1968


Election of 1960

Similarities

Differences Differences Born in 1900’s

Served in WW II

Elected to Congress/Senate

Supported fight against Cold War

Interested in Foreign Affairs

Wealthy, from Boston , MA

From CA, family struggled financially

Attended Harvard

Had to work while attending school

Political family

Respected as Vice- Pres. under Eisenhower

Homework Assignment :

Based on what you have just learned about the candidates Nixon and Kennedy , write a short paragraph (6 sentences minimum) about which candidate you would vote for in the 1960 election.

Format: Name: Date : Mrs. Hoyt/Ms. Turdo Homework Assignment


Kennedy Defeats Nixon in 1960


Impact of TV – boiled down to how candidates

looked, rather than what they said

Nixon – looked pale/exhausted refused to use makeup

4 televised debates

Kennedy– tanned, looked healthy charm, relaxed manner, humor

Kennedy won by 120,000 votes of 680 million popular votes Votes in Texas and Illinois impt. to Kennedy win

Largest voter turnout in U.S. history

http://www.history.com/videos/the-first-jfk-nixon-debate

http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20029030-503544.html


Kennedy’s Strategy towards Cold War


Urged build up of U.S. armed forces – “FLEXIBLE RESPONSE “

New Communist leader in Cuba – Fidel Castro

Worried about :

U.S. nuclear missile forces weaker than Russian’s

Increased funding to Army & Navy Money to Special Forces – Green Berets


Kennedy’s Strategy towards Cold War


Containing Communism

Worried about :

Third World – developing nations that were NOT aligned with either U.S. or Soviet Union. LATIN AMERICA

AFRICA

ASIA


Kennedy’s Strategy towards Cold WarSection 1 - Kennedy & the Cold War

Initiated programs to economically/politically strengthen the Third World

Peace Corp Alliance for ProgressTechnical

Educational

Health Services

Economic Assistance to Latin American Countries

Not a success Still in effect

Mexico

Gambia

PEACE CORP PROJECT

http://collection.peacecorps.gov/

The Kennedy/Johnson Years 1960 -1968Confronting Communism in Cuba ** Read 1st paragraph, pg. 508

take notes


Bay of Pigs Invasion

Cuban Missile Crisis

1,400 Cuban exiles invaded Cuba

U.S. spies discovered Soviet Union nuclear missile sights in Cuba

Was mismanaged, a failure, many died

Major U.S. cities and Panama Canal were targets

Approved by Kennedy & CIA

Made Kennedy look bad ,he promised to resist “communist penetration” in Western Hemisphere

Nikita Krushchev removed missile sites, U.S. removed ships from Cuban waters.

Kennedy demanded missiles removed, sent ships to Cuba

http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=nep&wcsuffix=1502

show Peter Pan . Doc

Do annotate map ( Kat)


Results of Cuban Missile Crisis


Krushchev lost respect of Russian citizens and other Russian leaders sought to take away some of his power.

Kennedy was viewed in the U.S. as a more mature & thoughtful leader who could handle serious problems and remain calm and firm.

“HOT LINE” – telephone system between Moscow and Washington ,D.C. to improve communication ,avert nuclear war.

Both leaders realized their countries had to get along ( DÉTENTE)

The White House to Kremlin “Hotline”Kennedy White House announced the creation of a teletype “Hotline” between the Kremlin and the White House. The Hotline was established in the aftermath to the Cuban Missile Crisis – to be used only in an emergency to ensure clear communication between the President and the Soviet Premier.

The White House Hotline teletype machine was used for the first time for communication between President Lyndon Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexsei Kosygin during the Six Day War in the Middle East.

The Hotline machine is on exhibit at the LBJ Library & Museum.”


The Berlin Crisis - read pg. 510


Krushchev wanted entire (West and East ) city of Berlin under Soviet control.

Soviet Union was concerned because skilled workers were moving to West Berlin (free from Communist control)

Kennedy sends 1,500 U.S. troops to West Berlin.

Soviets erect a wall between East and West Berlin.

Kennedy & Krushchev meet, do not get along, Cold War tensions increase

The Kennedy/Johnson Years 1960 -1968Section 2 - Kennedy’s New Frontier

Read pg. 511 – 512.

Kennedy promised a “NEW FRONTIER “

Wanted to improve:

EconomyHealthcare

EducationCivil Rights

Wanted to start Space Program


Attacking problems in the U.S. (Domestic Program )

Section 2 - Kennedy’s New Frontier

Worried about poverty

o Increased minimum wage o Extended Social Security benefitso Improvements to welfare

Established a committee to look into how poverty and discrimination affected women, esp. inequality in WAGES. o EQUAL PAY ACT - equal pay for equal work for both

men & women.


Helping the Economy

Section 1 - Kennedy’s New Frontier

Kennedy believed that the more money people had, the more they would spend.

He believed in DEFICIT SPENDING – government practice of borrowing money in order to spend more money than what is received in taxes.

Example : government needs $5,000 to build tanks. government only received $ 3,000 in taxes

government has to borrow the $2,000 it needs.


Space Race Section 1 - Kennedy’s New Frontier

1957 - Soviets launched Sputnik 1 into space

1958 - Congress creates NASA U.S. still behind Soviet Union. 1961(April) – Soviet Union sends first human to orbit Earth

1961 (May) – Alan Shepard is first U.S. astronaut in space

competition between. U.S. and Soviet Union to develop technology to successfully land on the moon.

1969 (July) – Kennedy’s promise for U.S. to be first landing on moon is fulfilled.

http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/F_Apollo_35th_Anniversary.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTBIr65cL_E

The Kennedy/Johnson Years 1960 -1968Section 1 - Kennedy’s New Frontier

Made transition from politician to national leader.

Kennedy’s Legacy

Foreign Affairs – confronted Soviets

Domestic Affairs – Realized that federal govt. needed to get

involved in Civil Rights.

Gained respect of Soviet leaders & U.S. citizens. Desired peaceful future with Soviet Union.

Inspired U.S. to be positive and fulfill dreams.

ASSASSINATION

Nov. 23, 1963, Dallas, Texas

Lee Harvey Oswald accused murderer.

V. P. Johnson becomesPresident.

NATION MOURNS

Warren Commission investigates, describes Oswald as the “lone killer”, ……… debate continues

http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=nep&wcsuffix=1509


Section 3 - Johnson’s Great Society


Miranda v Arizona

Section 3 - The Great Society


Gideon v. Wainright read pg. 516

Section 3 - The Great Society

Political Cartoon

the kennedy/johnson years 1960 -1968 pgs. 502 – 525 time of peace / prosperity section 1 - kennedy...

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