Rocio Condor

MAGHG Team

Second FAO Workshop on Statistics for Greenhouse Gas Emissions,

3-4 June 2013, Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago)

The Latin America Context: emissions, projections and mitigation plans

Overview

1. The Latin American Context

2. Efforts to report GHG data: The National Communications

3. The projections of GHG emissions from agriculture

4. Mitigation potentials

5. National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)

GHG Emissions in Latin America*

Source: IPCC, 2007 – IV Assessment Report

* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop

Agriculture 76%

Energy 9%

Industrial Process 5%

Waste 10%

Agriculture GDP share

Source: World Bank, 2010

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

National Communications

Source: UNFCCC National Communications

Countries Initial National

Communication Second National Communication Third Fourth Fifth

Argentina 1997 (1990) 2008 (1990, 1994, 1997, 2000)

Brazil 2004 (1990, 1994) 2010 (2004)

Bolivia 2000 (1994) 2009 (2002,2004)

Chile 2000 (1994) 2011 (1984-2006)

Colombia 2001(1990, 1994) 2010 (2000,2004)

Costa Rica 2000 (1996) 2009 (2000, 2005)

Cuba 2001 (1990, 1994)

Dominican Republic 2003 (2000) 2009 (1998,2000)

Ecuador 2000 (1994) 2012 (1990,1994,2000,2006)

El Salvador 2000 (1994)

Guatemala 2002 (1990)

Honduras 2000 (1995) 2012 (1995,2000,2005)

Mexico 1997 (1996) 2001 (2000) 2006 (2002) 2010 (2006) 2012 (2006)

Nicaragua 2001 (1994) 2011 (2000)

Panama 2001 (2000) 2012 (2000)

Paraguay 2002 (1994) 2011(2000)

Peru 2001 (1994) 2011(2000)

Trinidad and Tobago 2001 (1990)

Uruguay 1997 (1990) 2004 (2000) 2010 (2004)

Venezuela 2005 (1999)

Agricultural emissions by sector in Latin America*

* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop

Source: UNFCCC National Communications

Enteric Fermentation 52.9%

Manure Management

4.0%

Rice Cultivation 1.8%

Agricultural Soils 39.3%

Prescribed Burning of Savannas

1.4%

Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

0.7%

Trend of emissions in agriculture*

Source: FAOSTAT

* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Gig

agra

ms

CO

2e

q

Enteric Fermentation Manure Management Rice Cultivation Agricultural Soils Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

Trend of emissions in agriculture*

Source: FAOSTAT

* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Gig

agra

ms

CO

2e

q

Manure applied to soils Manure Management Crop residues

Synthetic Fertilizer Manure left on pasture Enteric Fermentation

Rice Cultivation Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

Emissions from the agricultural sectors*

Source: UNFCCC National Communications * The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Enteric Fermentation Manure Management Rice Cultivation

Agricultural Soils Prescribed Burning of Savannas Field Burning of Agricultural Residues

Emissions/removals from LULUCF in Latin America

* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop

Source: UNFCCC National Communications

-1.2

-0.8

-0.4

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

Gig

ato

ns

CO

2eq

Changes in Forest and Other Woody Biomass Stocks Forest and Grassland Conversion

Abandonment of Managed Lands CO2 Emissions and Removals from Soil

Sou

rce

Sin

k

0.98

0.55

-0.18

0.18

Projected emissions in Latin America*

Source: IPCC, 2007 – IV Assessment Report

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Agricultura Energía Procesos Industriales Desechos

* The graph refers only to the countries in the workshop

Projected Emissions by Country • Costa Rica – From 1996-2015, the rate of methane emissions from enteric

fermentation will increase at an annual rate of 0.7%, from 7,100 Gg in 2005 to 7,400 Gg in 2015.

• Ecuador – Without mitigation, the forest surface will decrease by 37.1% in the year 2030. With mitigation, forest surface is projected to increase 76% by 2030.

• Honduras – In 2020, projections are that emissions will decrease by 374,000 tons of CO2eq through reforestation and agro-forestry systems.

• México – Emissions from the agricultural sector are projected to increase at an annual rate of 0.9% between 2006 and 2030.

• Peru – Between 2010 and 2020, agricultural emissions will increase 27% from 22,544 to 39,303 Gg of CO2eq.

Source: UNFCCC National Communications

Mitigation potentials in Agriculture

• Improved technologies to reduce emissions from cattle

• improvement in nutrition and genetics of grazing livestock

• Animal breeding programs and usage of adapted species

• Improved collection and storage of manure

• Improved post-harvest management to reduce burning of farming wastes

• Adequate use of crop sequences and appropriate use of fertilizers

Source: UNFCCC National Communications

Mitigation potentials in LULUCF

• Sustainable native forest management and decreased soil degradation

• Promotion of agro-forestry activities

• Conservation of soil carbon through protection of wildlife, groundwater and fire protection, pest and diseases

• New technologies for more effective monitoring of protected areas

• Sustainable management of main watersheds

• Reduction of forest fires

Source: UNFCCC National Communications

National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs)

• Brazil -- Reductions of 36-39% by 2020 through decreased deforestation, restoration of grazing land, integrated crop-livestock system, no-till farming

• Chile -- Reduction of 20% by 2020 using energy efficiency, renewable energy, and LULUCF measures

• Colombia -- By year 2020, reduction to a rate of zero net deforestation on Colombian Amazon forest; Efforts on REDD-activity areas and creation of new protected reserve areas

• Costa Rica -- Economy-wide transformational effort to enable carbon neutrality with efforts focused on transport, energy, forestry, and waste management

• Mexico -- Reduction of GHG emissions up to 30% with respect to the BAU scenario by 2020

• Peru -- By year 2020, reduction to a rate of zero net deforestation on natural primary forests

Source: UNFCCC

Thank you!

Contacto: MAGHG@fao.org Sitio web MAGHG: www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/ghg Sitio web FAOSTAT: http://faostat.fao.org

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