Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

Education is essential for the development of society. The more educated the people of a

society are, the more civilized and well disciplined the society will be (Chowa, G., Masa, R., &

Tucker, J., 2013). Mainly, family has a responsibility to socialize children for making them

productive members of a society. The more the parents involve in the process of imparting

education to their children, the more the children might excel in their academic career and to

become productive and responsible members of society. The academic achievement of students

may not only depend on the quality of schools and the teacher, rather on the extent of parent

involvement has a vital role to play in it.

According to Adewumi Moradeke Grace, Olojo oloudare Jethro, and Falemu Funke Aina

(2012), stated that parent has vital roles to play in the life of a child. Parenting involvement is a

catch-all term for many different activities including home, good parenting, helping home work,

talking to teachers, attending school functions, through to talking part in school governance.

When schools work together with families to support learning, children tend to succeed not just

in schools but throughout their lives. According to these researchers, the most accurate

prediction of a students’ achievement in school is not the income nor the social status, but the

extent to which the students’ parent is able to create a home environment that encourages

learning and to express high expectations for their children’s achievement and future careers.

Parental involvement in school has been linked with academic achievement. Previous

researchers stated that parental involvement has a powerful impact on the children’s attainment.

The impact of parental involvement arises from parental values and educational aspirations and

that these are exhibited continuously through parental enthusiasm and positive parenting style. In

this new study, the researchers will determine the level of influence of family-related factor in

terms of parents’ learning support. This study will also determine if there is a significant

difference between the levels of influence of family-related factors in terms of sex and the

curriculum in which the a student belongs.

Tangub City National High School is a school that has a large number of student

population. Each year level consists of Science Curriculum, Regular Curriculum and Sports

Curriculum. This study will investigate the level of influence of family-related factor to the

fourth year students in Sports section and in Science curriculum. This study will also investigate

if there is a significant difference of the level of influence of family-related factor between male

students and female students, as well as the sports curriculum and Science curriculum.

Theoretical Framework

The level of parental involvement has an important implication for children’s academic

performance. Social Cognitive theory suggests that youth absorb messages about appropriate

behavior in their lives (Bandura, 1977) as cited by Chowa, G. N., Masa, R. D., & Tucker J., in

2013. Based on this assumption, parents have the potential to model positive attitudes and

behaviors toward school, and researches in developed countries such as United States have

shown that parental involvement contributes to youth academic success (Fan & Chen, 2001;

Houltenville & Conway, 2008; Jeynes, 2003, 2007) as cited by Khan, R. M., & Chohan, B. I., in

2010. In fact, children are more likely to perform better in school when their parents show an

interest in their school work. Particularly, when their parents are willing to assist them with their

homework, and are willing to hold their children accountable for completion of school

assignments. Youth who are not working hard at school may begin to perceive as valuable when

parents actively demonstrate that they value school through involvement.

As cited by Berthelsen D. & Walker S. in 2008 (Henderson & Mapp, 2002) added that

when schools and families work together, children have higher achievement in school and stay in

school longer. Engaging families in the education of their children at home and in school is

increasingly viewed as an important means to support better learning outcomes for children.

As cited by Khan, R. M., & Chohan, B. I., in 2010 (Fan, 2001) mentioned that parent’s

educational aspiration for their children proved to be strongly related to students’ growth.

Research studies have found that parental educational level has a significant impact on child’s

learning. (Khan & Malik, 1999). Similarly, Schneider and Lee (1990) linked the academic

success of the East Asian students to the values and aspirations they share with their parents, and

to the home learning activities in which their parents involve with them. In fact, all parents have

desired to do something better for their children according to their available resources.

Gonzalez-Pienda et al. (2002) as cited by Khan, R. M., & Chohan, B. I., in 2010 stated

that parental support criteria were developed according to six dimensions that are strongly

associated to students’ behaviors at school and the attitude towards learning.

“The six dimensions are (a) parents’ expectations

about their children’s’ achievement, (b) parents’

expectations about their children’s capacity to

achieve important goals, (c) parents’ behaviors that

reveal interest in their children’s school work, (d)

parents’ degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction

with their children’s level of school achievement,

(e) parents’ level and type of help provided when

their children do homework, and (f) parents’

reinforcement behaviors of their children’s

achievements.”

The influence of parents on children school achievement is well documented in numerous

studies. As cited by Chowa, G. N., Masa, R.D., & Tucker J., in 2013 (Gadsden 2003) said that

greater parental involvement at early stage in children’s learning, positively affects the child’s

school performance including higher academic achievement. Harderves (1998) reviewed that

family whose children are doing well in school exhibit the following characters:

Establish a daily family routine by providing time and a quite place to study with the

children and assigning responsibility for house hold chores.

Monitor out-of-school activities, for example setting limits on television watching, reduce

time of playing, monitor the groups of friends the pupils walk with.

Encourage children’s development and progress in school; that is maintaining a worm

and supportive home, showing interest in children’s progress at school, helping him or

her with home work, discussing the value of a good education and future career with

children.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram

SEX LEVEL OF

INFLUENCE OF

FAMILY-RELATED

FACTOR CURRICULUM

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the level of influence of family related factors on selected

Tangub City National High School students during the school year 2014-2015.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Sex;

b. Curriculum?

2. What are the family related factors that influence the academic performance of respondents?

3. What is the level of influence of the family related factors?

4. Is there a significant difference between the levels of influence of male and female students?

5. Is there a significant difference between the levels of influence of family-related factors in

terms parents’ learning support of Science and Sports curricula?

Research Methodology

This section introduces the research design, respondents, setting, instrument, and

validation of instrument, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment of data to be used in

the study.

Research Design. This study utilized the descriptive design because it used the

Comparative Method and Correlation Method. Comparative Method will be used in comparing

the level of influence of family-related factors in terms sex and curriculum.

Research Respondents. The respondents of this study will be the students in fourth year

sports section under the Special Program in Sports Curriculum and the fourth year students under

the Science Technology in Engineering and Mathematics.

Research Setting. This study will be conducted in Tangub City National High School.

This is located at Tangub City particularly in Barangay Mantic. This school offers the following

curricula: Regular Curriculum, Science Technology in Engineering and Mathematics, Open High

School Curriculum, and Special Program in Sports Curriculum. Specifically, this study will

focus on the Special Program in Sports Curriculum and Science Technology in Engineering and

Mathematics in fourth year level.

Research Instrument. The main tool which will be used in this study is a

researcher-made questionnaire-checklist. It is consisted of ten statements about the parents’

learning support that will be rated by the students.

The questionnaire-checklist that will be used in gathering data will consist of one part. It

will obtain the parents ‘learning support. Each statement will be given one set of four boxes. The

four boxes will be ranked as of;

Validation of Instrument. To improve the questionnaire, the researchers will utilize the

research instrument validation. The questionnaire will be first presented to the research adviser

for checking. Before the distribution if the questioners, the researchers will conduct a pilot

testing to the non respondents to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire.

Data Gathering Procedure. The questionnaire-checklist in this study will aim to draw

out appropriate responses on the objectives on this study. To insure the validation of responses,

the questionnaire-checklist that will be made by the researchers will be presented, analyzed, and

will be checked by the researchers’ adviser.

A letter requesting permission to conduct a research will be secured. This will be given to

the principal of Tangub City National High School.

With the used of Microsoft Excel, the data will be gathered from answered questionnaires

will be checked, classified, tabulated and will be analyzed according to the research design

described in this chapter and will be performed for final presentation to the experts of different

fields specialization.

4 ------ Most Influential

3 ------Moderately Influential

2 ------Less Influential

1 ----- Not Influential

Statistical Treatment

The gathered data will be presented, analyzed, and interpreted using the following statistical

formulas:

1. Weighted Mean will be used in determining the level of influence of family-related

factors to the selected students of Tangub City National High School.

Weighted Mean

�̅� =∑ 𝑓𝑤

∑ 𝑛

Where ∑ =summation symbol

f = frequency

w = weight

n = number of students

2. Friedman Test

𝐸 = 〔12

𝑁𝑘(𝑘+1)∑ Rk

j=i 〕 − 3N(k + 1)

Where

N = number of rows/subjects

k = number of columns (variables or conditions)

Rj = sum of the ranks in the jth column

∑𝑘𝑗=1 = directs one sum the squares of the sums of ranks over all conditions

Scope and Limitation

This study will be limited only to the students in fourth year sports section under the

Special Program in Sports Curriculum and the fourth year students under the Science Curriculum

of Tangub City National High School during the S.Y 2014-2015.

Determining the level of influence of family-related to fourth year sports section under

the Special Program in Sports Curriculum and the fourth year students under the Science

Curriculum of Tangub City National High School will be the focus of this study. The

information needed will be gathered using the checklist style research-made questionnaire. All

information and conclusion that will be drawn from this study will be obtained only to these

particular groups of students

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will merit the following:

School Administrator. The results of this study could serve as a standard data to

improve programs for school advancement.

Curriculum Planner. The results of this study will help the curriculum planner evaluate

the existing programs in terms of students’ needs and abilities and make changes as required.

Guidance Counselor. This study will help develop the guidance program in line with

individual needs and abilities of the students.

Students. This study will help the students to develop their interest towards Mathematics

and appreciate the importance of Mathematics in their daily lives.

Parents. The results of this study will help the parents to give a proper guidance, enough

support, and help their children’s school performance in Mathematics.

Definition of terms

Curriculum – is broadly defined as the totality of student experiences that occur in the

educational process. The term often refers specially to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a

view of the student’s experiences in terms of the educator’s or school’s instructional goals.

Factor – is a circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a result or outcome.

Family - defined as a specific group of people that may be made up of partners, children,

parents, aunts, uncles, cousins and grandparents.

Influence - is the power to have an important effect on someone or something. If someone

influences someone else, they are changing a person or thing in an indirect but important way.

Parents - are not only that who give birth for us but they teach us how to live in these world they

also teach us to respect elders and to obey them and they also teach importance of life these is

the not end

Sex- refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women.

Support - is defined as to provide comfort, encouragement or financial assistance to someone.

APPENDIX A

REQUEST LETTER

January 14, 2015

MYRNA T. BARBON

SCHOOL PRINCIPAL

TANGUB CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

MANTIC, TANGUB CITY

Madam:

The undersigned are Third Year BSEd students of Gov. Alfonso D. Tan College who are

currently conducting a thesis entitled, “THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF FAMILY-RELATED

FACTORS ON SELECTED TANGUB CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS”. This

study will investigate the level of influence of family-related factors to the students’ academic

performance of fourth year students under Sports Curriculum and Science Curriculum. In

connection to this, we would like to humbly request your permission to conduct this study to the

Fourth Year Sports Curriculum and Science Curriculum Students in your school.

We are hoping for your positive response on this matter.

Respectfully yours,

VINCENT S. MONTEBON ELTON JOHN B. EMBODO JACKIE LOU C. ABISO

APPROVED:

MYRNA T. BARBON

TCNHS School Principal

APPENDIX B

QUESTIONAIRE

The Level of Influence of Family-related factors on the Selected Tangub City

National High School

S.Y. 2014-2015

Sex Curriculum

[ ] Male [ ] Science Curriculum

[ ] Female [ ] Sports Curriculum

Directions: The following statements below are the situations that usually done by the parents in

showing supports for their children’s studies. Rank the following statements according to the

extent of their influence. Put a check mark on the box that corresponds to your answers. Refer

your answers on the scale given below.

1 – Most Influential

2 – Moderately Influential

3 – Less Influential

4 – Not Influential

Parents Learning Support 4 3 2 1

1. Establishing a daily family routine. 2. Monitoring out of school activities. 3. Modelling the value of learning, self discipline, and hard work. 4. Expression of high but realistic expectation for your achievements. 5. Encouragement in school development of the children. 6. Encouraging discussion among family members. 7. Monitoring on the learning progress of the children in school. 8. Encouraging and nurturing the creativity of the children. 9. Modelling good behaviours and attitudes expected from the

children.

10. Constant check up on the homework, classroom activities and events of the children

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