the measure of opportunity - tbf/media/tbforg...chances of graduating college by 8th grade math naep...

T h e M e a s u r e o f O p p o r t u n i t y

A s p e c i a l U n d e r s t a n d i n g B o s t o n S e r i e s o n

I n e q u a l i t y, P r o s p e r i t y, W e l l - B e i n g &

B o s t o n ’ s F u t u r e M o b i l i t y

-$80,000

$20,000

$120,000

$220,000

$320,000

$420,000

LowestQuintile

SecondQuintile

ThirdQuintile

FourthQuintile

HighestQuintile

Top 5Percent

M e d i a n H o u s e h o l d I n c o m e b y Q u i n t i l e 2 0 0 0

Source: 2000 Decennial Census; 2014 American Community Survey

M e d i a n H o u s e h o l d I n c o m e b y Q u i n t i l e 2 0 0 0 v 2 0 1 3

-$80,000

$20,000

$120,000

$220,000

$320,000

$420,000

LowestQuintile

SecondQuintile

ThirdQuintile

FourthQuintile

HighestQuintile

Top 5Percent

+ 42%

+ 14%

Source: 2000 Decennial Census; 2014 American Community Su

Less than $10,000

$10,000 to $24,999

$25,000 to $49,999

$50,000 to $74,999

$75,000 to $99,999

$100,000 to $149,999

$150,000 or more

C h a n g e i n H o u s e h o l d s b y I n c o m e 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 3

Source: 2008 – 2013 American Community Survey

AGGREGATE HOUSEHOLD INCOME

$47b

$725m Source: American Community Survey, 2009-2013 5 year estimates

C A N A C I T Y E X T E N D T H E B E N E F I T S O F

E C O N O M I C S U C C E S S T O A L L O F I T S

R E S I D E N T S & N E I G H B O R H O O D S ?

C A N I T R E TA I N A V I B R A N T M I X O F I N C O M E , E T H N I C & A G E D I V E R S I T Y E V E N

A S I T AT T R A C T S H I G H E R I N C O M E R E S I D E N T S ?

C A N I T C R E AT E P AT H W AY S T O E D U C AT I O N A L & E C O N O M I C S U C C E S S

F O R A L L I T S Y O U N G P E O P L E ?

W H A T W I L L I T T A K E T O M A K E

B O S T O N A M E R I C A ’ S M O S T

U P W A R D L Y M O B I L E C I T Y ?

O P P O R T U N I T Y

P R O S P E R I T Y

W E L L - B E I N G

S O C I A L & E C O N O M I C M O B I L I T Y

W H A T W E K N O W

S O C I A L & E C O N O M I C M O B I L I T Y

100%

67% 71% 59%

68% 64%

100%

45% 49%

31% 44% 43%

Birth Age 5 Age 11 Age 19 Age 29 Age 40

Advantaged at Birth

Disadvantaged at Birth

O P P O R T U N I T Y A T B I R T H

I M P A C T S

S U C C E S S A T A D U L T H O O D

100%

67% 71% 59%

68% 64%

100%

45% 49%

31% 44% 43%

Birth Age 5 Age 11 Age 19 Age 29 Age 40

Advantaged at Birth

Disadvantaged at Birth

GREATER MOBILITY

LESS MOBILITY

Racial Segregation

Isolated Poverty Commute Times

Proximity to High Quality Schools

Teen Labor Force Participation

Social Capital

Density of Single Parent Households

Suffolk County: -0.31% every year

Middlesex County: +0.39% every year

2015 A BABY IS BORN IN BOSTON

2020 TURNS FIVE YEARS OLD

2027 ENTERS 7 TH GRADE

2033 GRADUATES HIGH SCHOOL

2038 COMPLETES COLLEGE

2039 STARTS A CAREER PATH

2055 ACHIEVES THE AMERICAN DREAM

2048 HAS A CHILD

EARLY OPPORTUNITY EDUCATION & SKILLS

JOBS & EMPLOYMENT INEQUALITY &

PLACES OF OPPORTUNITY INCOME, WEALTH, ASSETS

K E Y I N D I C AT O R : H e a l t h y B i r t h W e i g h t

Percent of Babies Born at Low Birth Weight Boston 2000 - 2013

2000 8.8% 2013

8.4%

E a r l y E d u c a t i o n O p p o r t u n i t y : K E Y I N D I C AT O R

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Between0 and 49

Between50 and 99

Between100 and

199

Between200 and

299

Between300 and

399

Between400 and

499

500 Plus

Percent of 3 and 4 year-olds enrolled in school Boston 2000 - 2014

Public

Private

W H AT M AT T E R S I N T H E E D U C AT I O N T O E M P L O Y M E N T

P I P E L I N E ?

$472

$651

$727

$777

$1,108

$1,329

$1,714

$1,623

11.0%

7.5%

7.0%

5.4%

4.0%

3.4%

2.3%

2.2% PhD

Professional

Masters

Bachelors

Associates

Some College

High School

No High School

All Workers Median Weekly Earnings $827 6.1% Unemployment Rate

Unemployment and Median Earnings by Educational Attainment

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey

Adult Income Quintile of Children Born at the Bottom Income Quintile by College Degree

45%

16%

23%

22%

18%

21%

9%

22%

5% 19%

No Degree With Degree

Top 20%

Fourth 20%

Middle 20%

Second 20%

Bottom 20%

Source: Brookings Institute Analysis of PSID


45%

16%


Top 20%

Fourth 20%

Middle 20%

Second 20%

Bottom 20%



5% 19%


Top 20%

Fourth 20%

Middle 20%

Second 20%

Bottom 20%


-20%

-13%

7%

13%

-12%

3%

16%

21%

Men

Women

Change in Real Earnings by Educational Attainment 1990 - 2013

Source: Brookings Institute, Hamilton Project, Occupational Employment Statistics

$835 $1,315

$3,536

$8,872

1972 - 73 1983 - 84 1994 - 95 2005 - 06

Spending on Educational Enrichment by Parent’s Income

Source: “Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis” [Robert D. Putnam)

3% 8%

29% 30%

51%

74%

Lowest Scores Middle Scores Highest Scores

Chances of Graduating College by 8th Grade Math NAEP Scores

Source: “Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis” [Robert D. Putnam)

11%

20%

25%

38%

53%

Bottom Second Middle Fourth Top

Percent of Children with a College Degree by Parents’ Income Quintile 2005

Total: 29%


College Attendance Rates for Children of Parents in the Bottom 25%

Source: Raj Chetty, Equality of Opportunity Project

6.7

6.2

6.1

5.7

5.5

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

4.5

Washington DC

San Francisco

New York

Boston

Los Angeles

Dallas

Philadelphia

Detroit

Chicago

Seattle

Miami

Income Inequality / Economic Prosperity

Income Ratio of 90th to 10th percentile

Source: 2014 Occupational Employment Statistics, Metropolitan Statistical Areas

6.7

6.2

6.1

5.7

5.5

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

4.5

Washington DC

San Francisco

New York

Boston

Los Angeles

Dallas

Philadelphia

Detroit

Chicago

Seattle

Miami

55.1%

53.0%

44.7%

52.6%

39.2%

39.3%

42.1%

38.2%

43.2%

48.9%

38.5%


Income Ratio of 90th to 10th percentile % Associate’s or Higher


6.7

6.2

6.1

5.7

5.5

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

4.5

Washington DC

San Francisco

New York

Boston

Los Angeles

Dallas

Philadelphia

Detroit

Chicago

Seattle

Miami

0.62

0.56

0.53

0.67

0.52

0.60

0.56

0.54

0.58

0.60

0.48


Income Ratio of 90th to 10th percentile Employment to Population Ratio


6.7

6.2

6.1

5.7

5.5

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

4.5

Washington DC

San Francisco

New York

Boston

Los Angeles

Dallas

Philadelphia

Detroit

Chicago

Seattle

Miami

0.62

0.56

0.53

0.67

0.52

0.60

0.56

0.54

0.58

0.60

0.48


Income Ratio of 90th to 10th percentile Employment to Population Ratio – 16 to 24 year olds


E D U C AT I O N & E M P L OY M E N T

E D U C AT I O N & S K I L L S

1990 2000 2010 2014

35%

SHARE OF ADULTS WITH AN ASSOCIATE’S DEGREE OR HIGHER

E D U C AT I O N & S K I L L S – K e y I n d i c a t o r

40.4% 48.9% 51.3%

Source: 1990, 2000 Decennial Census; 2010, 2014 American Community Survet

E D U C AT I O N & S K I L L S

Change in MCAS Proficiency Rates 2001 - 2014

36% 37%

76%

64%

30%

20%

31% 28%

3rd grade reading 8th grade math 10th grade ELA 10th grade math

Source: Massachusetts Department of Elementary & Secondary Education

BPS Four Year Graduation Rate by Race/Ethnicity 2006 & 2013

59.8

65.8

72.3

87.6

Latino

African American

White

Asian

50.6

55.7

70.6

82.7

Class of 2013 Class of 2004


5.7%

4.5%

1.8%

4.5%

8.0%

7.8%

6.5%

9.0%

7.9%

6.5%

7.4%

7.6%

5.8%

8.9%

7.1%

6.2%

8.4%

8.8%

3.0%

Allston

Back Bay / Kenmore

Boston Central

Brighton

Charlestown

Codman Square

East Boston

Fields Corner

Grove Hall

Hyde Park

Jamaica Plain

Mattapan

Roslindale

Roxbury

Roxbury Crossing

South Boston

South End

Uphams Corner

West Roxbury

BPS Annual Dropout Rate by Neighborhood 2008

Source: Boston Public Schools

BPS Annual Dropout Rate by Neighborhood 2014

3.2%

2.7%

2.4%

3.0%

3.5%

4.1%

3.5%

4.7%

4.2%

2.4%

3.8%

4.5%

3.1%

5.5%

4.8%

6.7%

3.5%

3.7%

0.9%

Allston

Back Bay / Kenmore

Boston Central

Brighton

Charlestown

Codman Square

East Boston

Fields Corner

Grove Hall

Hyde Park

Jamaica Plain

Mattapan

Roslindale

Roxbury

Roxbury Crossing

South Boston

South End

Uphams Corner

West Roxbury

Source: Boston Public Schools

60% 58%

84%

77%

50% 44%

68% 65%

African American Latino White Asian

BPS Graduates College Enrollment Rates 2004 - 2012

Class of 2012

Class of 2004


37% 39%

41% 45%

56%

Boston Public School Graduates’ College Completion Classes of 2000 - 2007

Class of 2000

Class of 2007

Source: Success Boston

J O B S & E M P L OY M E N T

3.7

8.4

4.3

J O B S & E M P L OY M E N T – K e y I n d i c a t o r

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics

J O B S & E M P L OY E N T

44% 55% 60%

67% 69% 69%

13%

17% 18%

17% 18% 21% 34%

28% 22%

16% 13% 10%

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2014

Blue-Collar

Service

White-Collar

Labor Market by Occupation

Source: 1960 – 2000 Decennial Census; 2010, 2014 American Community Survey

200,000.00

220,000.00

240,000.00

260,000.00

280,000.00

300,000.00

320,000.00

340,000.00

360,000.00

Total Employment 2000 - 2015

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics

Change in Employment by Industry 2001 – Q1 2015

-58%

-31%

-29%

-17%

-14%

-13%

3%

11%

29%

35%

Manufacturing

Construction

Information

Public Administration

Financial Activities

Trade, Transportation and Utilities

Professional and Business Services

Other Services

Leisure and Hospitality

Education and Health Services

Total Employment: +3%

Source: Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor & Workforce Development ES202

-9.4% -9.0% -8.7%

-4.5% -0.8%

0.8% 1.2% 1.7% 2.6%

4.7% 8.2%

10.5% 16.6%

20.3% 20.5% 20.9% 21.9%

23.6% 26.4%

30.8% 50.4%

Office and administrative supportConstruction and extraction

ProductionInstallation, maintenance, and repairTransportation and material moving

Architecture and engineeringBuilding and grounds cleaning and maintenance

LegalSales and related

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and mediaEducation, training, and library

Protective serviceFood preparation and serving related

Life, physical, and social scienceHealthcare practitioners and technical

ManagementHealthcare support

Computer and mathematicalBusiness and financial operations

Community and social servicesPersonal care and service

Change in Employment by Occupation 2005 - 2014

Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics Boston MSA

Work Experience by Weekly Hours Worked

54.9% 56.7%

12.4% 16.3%

2.9%

4.9%

29.8% 22.1%

2000 2014

Did not Work

1 to 14 Hours

15 to 34 Hours

35 Hours or more


Work Experience by Weekly Hours Worked

29.8% 22.1%

2000 2014

Did not Work

1 to 14 Hours

15 to 34 Hours

35 Hours or more


12,706

2,084

8,849

-2,866

-5,781

Less than $718

$718 to $1,436

$1,436 to $2,154

$2,154 to $2,872

$2,872 or more

Change in Employment by Average Weekly Wages 2008 & 2014

Source: Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor & Workforce Development ES202

Median Annual Earnings, Fast-Growing Occupations 2014

$26,180

$43,610

$73,820

$92,330

Personal Care andService

Community andSocial Service

Business andFinancial Operations

Computer andMathematical


Median Annual Earnings at 10th & 90th Percentile 2014

$18,380 $25,390

$42,760

$52,380 $48,490

$77,610

$133,070

$147,600

Personal Care andService

Community and SocialService

Business and FinancialOperations

Computer andMathematical


I N E Q U A L I T Y - O P P O RT U N I T Y

I N E Q U A L I T Y - O P P O RT U N I T Y Adults with and Associate’s Degree or Higher by Race/Ethnicity 2000 & 2014

14.4%

19.4% 22.4%

25.9%

40.7%

53.1%

21.8% 23.6% 27.9%

29.9%

49.0%

71.1%

2000

2014

African American Asian Some Other

Two or More

Latino/ Hispanic

White Non-Latino


$40,209 $40,154

$33,181 $37,630

$33,962

$56,406

I N E Q U A L I T Y - O P P O RT U N I T Y Median Earnings for Full Time Workers 2000 & 2014


Two or More

Latino/ Hispanic

White Non-Latino

All 2000: $48,765


$41,700

$51,876

$36,268 $38,222 $36,722

$66,490

$40,209 $40,154

$33,181 $37,630

$33,962

$56,406

I N E Q U A L I T Y - O P P O RT U N I T Y Median Earnings for Full Time Workers 2000 & 2014


Two or More

Latino/ Hispanic

White Non-Latino

All 2014: $55,864


I N E Q U A L I T Y - O P P O RT U N I T Y Median Earnings for Full Time Workers – gender gap 2014

$22,271

$31,675 $36,099

$61,191

$74,934

Less than highschool graduate

High schoolgraduate (includes

equivalency)

Some college orassociate's degree

Bachelor's degree Graduate orprofessional degree

$17,629 $22,777

$34,881

$51,878

$60,579

Less than highschool graduate

High schoolgraduate (includes

equivalency)

Some college orassociate's degree

Bachelor's degree Graduate orprofessional degree

Source: 2014 American Community Survey

16.2%

12.2%

9.8%

3.2%

I N E Q U A L I T Y - O P P O RT U N I T Y Unemployment by Educational Attainment 2000 & 2014

Less than High School High School

Associate’s Degree

Bachelor’s Degree Or Higher

I N E Q U A L I T Y - O P P O RT U N I T Y Unemployment by Educational Attainment 2000 & 2014

18.6% 17.8%

16.8%

4.1%

16.2%

12.2%

9.8%

3.2%

Less than High School High School

Associate’s Degree

Bachelor’s Degree Or Higher

28.8% 20.3%

9.8%

25.6%

17.7%

8.7%

45.7%

62.0%

81.5%

Less than HS HS or Some College AA or Higher

200% or Higher

Near Poor

In Poverty

I N E Q U A L I T Y - O P P O RT U N I T Y Poverty & Economic Security by Educational Attainment 2000

Source: 2000 Decennial Census; Source: 2000 Decennial Census; 2014 American Community Survey Public Use Micro Data

32.2% 26.6%

10.2%

28.2%

18.5%

8.0%

39.6%

54.9%

81.8%


28.8% 20.3%

9.8%

25.6%

17.7%

8.7%

45.7%

62.0%

81.5%


200% or Higher

Near Poor

In Poverty

Poverty & Economic Security by Educational Attainment 2000 & 2014

Source: 2000 Decennial Census; 2014 American Community Survey Public Use Micro Data

28.8% 20.3%

9.8%

25.6%

17.7%

8.7%

45.7%

62.0%

81.5%


200% or Higher

Near Poor

In Poverty

32.2% 26.6%

10.2%

28.2%

18.5%

8.0%

39.6%

54.9%

81.8%

I N E Q U A L I T Y - O P P O RT U N I T Y Poverty & Economic Security by Educational Attainment 2000 & 2014

Source: 2000 Decennial Census; 2014 American Community Survey Public Use Micro Data

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Less than 20%

Greater than 80%


Source: American Community Survey, 2009-2013 5 year estimates

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

Less than 5%

Greater than 25%



MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $25,000

Greater than $100,000




CHILD POVERTY

Less than 5%

Greater than 40% Source: American Community Survey, 2009-2013 5 year estimates

Young Adult Labor Force Participation Rate 2005 - 2014


43.7 41.7

73.8 68.5

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

20 to 24 year olds

16 to 19 year olds



39.3

26.7

9.4 9.1

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Young Adult Unemployment Rate 2005 - 2014

20 to 24 year olds

16 to 19 year olds


D A T A G A P S : adult education, workforce, longitudinal data, missing topics

D A T A G A P S : adult education, workforce, longitudinal data, missing topics B A R R I E R S : cost of education, student debt, cliff effect, proximity to jobs


A S S E T S : higher education, workforce training, public/private partnerships


A S S E T S : higher education, workforce training, public/private partnerships

O N T H E H O R I Z O N : minimum wage, family leave, benefits

O C T O B E R 2 8 : EDUCATION, SKILLS, JOBS & EMPLOYMENT


N O V E M B E R 1 9 : INCOME, INEQUALITY & NEIGHBORHOODS

tbf.org/opportunity

S E P T E M B E R 2 2 : BIERTH & EARLY CHILDRHOOD

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the measure of opportunity - tbf/media/tbforg...chances of graduating college by 8th grade math naep...

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