the minting of antoniniani, a.d. 238-249, and the smyrna hoard / by samuel k. eddy
TRANSCRIPT
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249
D D Y
NNU M SMAT CSO C E T
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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E S R V E D B Y
NNU M SMAT CSO C E T
G R MAN
N G U C STAD T
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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T S AN M O NO G R A H S
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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T NTS
M N TS vi i
ARD
F ANTON N AN U ND E R GO R D I AN I I 51
F ANTON N AN U ND E R H I L I P 4
R AND SM R NA A.D. 23 -257123
L A T S 1 2
S
nianiof1st/2nd ssueofGordian
aniof1st/2nd ssueofGordian
o a rd s t o O f f ic i na e 6 4
aniof1st/2nd ssueofGordian
65
eandReverseDiesandA isof
t/2nd ssueofGordian I I 66
nianiof3rd ssueofGordian I I
aniof3rd ssueofGordian I I
eandReverseDiesandA isof
ssuesofGordian I I . .. . 70
oninianiof4th ssueofGordian I I
aniof4th ssueofGordian I I
oinianiof5th ssueofGordian I I
nianiof5th ssueofGordian I I
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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ersofAntoninianibyO fficinae
6
ghtofAntoninianibyO f f ic inae
6
ghtofSilverbyO f f ic inaeunderGor-
Gold Silver andA es roducedby
I 7 7
ianiofB albinusand upienus
oinianiof1st ssueof hilip in
to n in i an i o f 2n d s s ue o f h i li p i n
oinianiof3rd ssueof hilip in
oinianiof4thand7th ssuesof
o ar ds 7
eR I C 6 0 6 1 a n d 63 b o f h i li p
oinianiof hilip StruckatA ntioc h96
oinianiof1st ssueof hilip in inds100
nianiof1st ssueof hilip to
inianiof2nd ssueof hilip in inds104
nianiof2nd ssueof hilip to
oinianiof3rd ssueof hilip in inds105
oninianiof3rd ssueof hilip to
oinianiof4th ssueof hilip in inds10
nianiof4th ssueof hilip to
nianiof5th/6th ssueof hilip
nianiof7th ssueof hilip to
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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M NTS
graphwasbegunwhile wasamember
versityofNebraska andwascompleted
heD epartmentofHistoryof theU niversityof
ara.Thetaskoflocatingcertainbooksand
muchfacilitatedbythestaffsofthe libraries
and shouldliketothankCecelieNorthof
urrayofCaliforniafortheirgreatpatience
ingdownseveralhard-to-finditems.
alsothesupportgrantedbytheCommittee
versityofCalifornia SantaB arbara which
fthe manuscriptandtheinitialphoto-
ebtedtotheRev. . C . G. Campbell ofWeeping
. S. A. fortheopportunity tostudyandpublish
d however thatsinc ethismonographwas
beenbrokenup.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
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ARD
ndburiedin afieldnearthesite of
v icinityofmodern z mirinTurkey. The
ownpersonprobablyin thewinteror
wereat thistimeroad-buildingoperations
whicharesaidtohave cutthroughanancient
thiswasthe placewherethecoinswere
hepersonwhofoundthecoinsmayhave
foranti uitiesbythethenrecent
onsatSmyrna.1Thehoardwastakenby
oindealerinConstantinople—apersonal
andsoldto him.Theoriginalcontainerwas
of andnothingisknownofitsdescription.
ntuallypurchased thecoinsweredeposited
netinthedealer sshop.Thereis noreason
thatanyof thec oinsinthehoardhavebec ome
sanythingbutgenuine orthatanyof the
orthy.
43antoninianiofcertainemperorsand
edenarius asfollows:
ha eo lo gy i nG re ec e 1 95 2 H S X X I I I 1 95 3 , 1 24 -1 25 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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. 23 -249
s
encoinsin thelotpurchased which
eywerepresumablyaddedbythefinder
sweightandthereforehissaleprice.These
mperorsofthesecondand earlythirdcen-
renotoriginallyincludedwith theanto-
sonablycertainbecauseoftheirratherclean
patina whichdifferednoticeablyfrom
ndirt ontheantoniniani.Theseven
enturyarerepresentedbythree silvercoins
ions thereisoneeac hofConstantine ,
.
ningar preliminaryidentification.The
c heckedbytheauthor whoalsoweighedthe
ancesensitivetoonethousandthofa gram.
erations thatis beforeweighing tenc oins
sedfromthehoard butthisisa matterof
egivenaway numbersrefertoR lC :Gordian I I :
2 - 6 1 - 8 , 1 -9 5. h il ip : 1- 62 . h il ip I : 1- 23 0. D e ci us :
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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erefoundtobein verygoodcondition.
adilyidentifiableandentirelylegible.A
lmostuncirc ulated V . . ; mostseemto
rsometime butshownogreatamount
kedinthecatalogue.Therest areslightly
y a fe w a re w or n G . o r ba d ly w or n W . .
oard thecoinsofemperorsotherthan
hilip andhisfamilyarelistedingroupsof types
Mattingly Sydenham andSutherlandin
an mperialCoinage. orGordianand
slisted sinc ethestateof themintduringthe
orsis themainsub ectofthismonograph.
t Rome A ntioc h V iminac ium Mediola-
espec imenslistedunderGordian I I and
n I I a t tr i bu t io n t o mi n ts f o ll o ws M a tt i ng l y
land. or hilip , however therearesome
em asdiscussedbelow pp. 4f f .
whichshowsthedirec tionofstrike thehead
e nearesthouronaclockfacethe point
ebaseof thearrow therefore isthepoint
X indicatesthosespecimenssofairly
ofimpressionaroundtheedgeare observ-
otherighttherelationshipofobverseand
c ountingasH orf fallc oinswhicharee ac tly
fewdegreesoff.O nlycoinswhosedies
ewdegreesfromverticalalignmentare
ssumedthatthepositionof theobverseist
he positionofthereversedie.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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. 23 -249
C O I N S
marks
I CO S. I I I . .
der-
I CO S. I I I . .
I I CO S. I I I . .
X V e nu s
R A un ai nb iga .
I X V e nu ss td .
. .
I X V e nu ss td .
. CO S . . .
toryand
. I . CO S . I .
l di n g ru d -
ia
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
M L I T V M i des
ve -
C TO R M a rs
o-
A v. wt. .
T O N N
eld
V M E L I C -
gca-
V A AV G G . Cl as pe d
V G G .
S C l a sp e d
T V M i des st g.
tre.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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. D. 23 -249
marks
V A TO R u pi te r
Gor-
a s tg . ho ld -
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
P late
G . V i c t or y a dv .
.
.
4 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
emarks
.
S . . . u pi te r
Gor.
.
S . . . r ov i-
nd
) .
. C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
.
G . C on c or d ia
uble
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
marks
S. . . Go rd ia n
patera
, 14 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
.
5 2n . C O N -
T .
.A e u i t as s td .
opiae.
.
G . C on c or d ia
uble
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
marks
N A R o ma st d.
ar.
.
i r t u s st g . ho l d-
hield.
.
.A e u i t as s tg .
opiae.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
marks
4 .
A V G. So ls tg .
I I , ) .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
marks
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
u pi t er s t g.
un-
.N . a et it ia st g.
r.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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iA . D. 23 -249
marks
, 5 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
. I . . Ap ol lo
re.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
marks
CO S . I . . Go r-
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
S . I . . Go r-
GV S T . H e rc ul es
on-sk in.
, 17 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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. 23 -249
marks
T i et as s tg .
ovalf lan.
M . e li ci ta ss tg .
dcor-
.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
X o r tu na s td .
o-
V , 1 .
V X o r tu na s td .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
marks
G NA TO R E M
nd
, 15 .
G . r ov id en ti a st g.
nd
10 .
I , 12 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
marks
3 .
T R . V i c to ry
tve
T R N A V i ct or y
tve
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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marks
9 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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iA . D. 23 -24g
a a d v. l .
e.
.
I C T AS Go rd ia n
e.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
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37/159
marks
S . . . h il ip
t
p ed b a se .
O S. . . e li ci ta s
cor-
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
38/159
A . D. 23 -249
marks
CO S. I . . eli-
sand
CO S. I . . eli-
sand
t eV I ,
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
39/159
marks
TASAV GG.Tran-
ri-
i n f ie l d B .
4 .
h il ip a nd I
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i n e . G .
16 .
V G G. i on a dv .
.
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t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
40/159
A . D. 23 -249
marks
V G G . S ta g a dv .
P l at eV I , 1 5 .
V G G . An t el o pe
o rU l .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
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c - s
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-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
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marks
M T em pl e
inc enter
5 .
G . h il ip o n
a r.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
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A . D. 23 -24g
marks
ed.
e d. .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
43/159
marks
ed.
ed.
onastg.
dius
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
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/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
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c - s
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A . D. 23 -249
marks
onastg.
w
M . el ici ta s
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C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
45/159
marks
T . i de ss tg .h ol d-
T V M i des st g.
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t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
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/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
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iA . D. 23 -24. 9
marks
1 5 .
a s tg .h ol d-
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/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
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47/159
wt.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
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-
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48/159
A . D. 23 -24.9
marks
tg. hold-
ke
lateV ,
sstg. feed-
S S e cu r it a s st d .
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3 .
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o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
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8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
49/159
marks
G . V i c t or y a dv .
.
G G . V i c to r y st g .
1 ) .
15 .
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_ u s e # c c - b
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50/159
A . D. 23 -249
marks
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and
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a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
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c - s
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51/159
marks
C T V S i de ss tg.
andard.
, 6 .
C T V S o ur st an d-
1 4 .
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8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
52/159
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marks
N A R o ma st d.
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8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
53/159
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A T. u no st g.
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8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
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A . D. 23 -249
v.
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c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
55/159
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TAS AV G G. I I h il ip
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) .
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a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
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a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
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c - s
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8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
57/159
marks
G G . Tw o
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nd
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/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
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8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
58/159
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marks
T R H e r cu le s st g.
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donshield.
tantin thatitissi eableenoughto
konthedeductionsdrawnfromthe great
dyetsmallenoughtopermit arathercloser
thecoinagethanhas heretoforebeen
onsmakepossibleafreshe aminationofthe
mperialmintsystembetweena.d.23 and
s ablurryinsightor twointothehistory
and257 thedatesbetweenwhichitwas
tswillbedealtwithinsubse uentchapters.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
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8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
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F ANTON N AN U ND E R GO R D I AN I I
emsnumismatistshavestill tosettleis
mintofRome ustbeforethemiddleof the
uncertainasto thenumberofofficinae
e istedatRome andthewaytheyweredes-
eknowncoin-typeseachstruck.
enthoughtthat duringthereignsofGor-
li p t he m i nt a t R o m e wa s o rg a ni e d i n si o f fi c in a e.
rcedbyMattingly sstudyofthe great
whic hhefoundthatf romGordian I I on the
omanmintuniformlycontainedsi
thenumberofcoins ofeachofthetypesin
eorlessthesame. nGordian sf irstissue
w e re r e pr e se n te d b y 12 9 1 0 4 1 2 9 1 1 4 1 2 0
tyofthese numbersledMattinglyand
onthat therewereindeedsi officinae
c hstruc kasinglereversetype. ac honewas
ic anddif feredf romtheotherf iveine -
eways.Theywentonto say however
onbetweenthesesectionswereso fine
ouldnotbe communicated.1
edly beenfollowedbyanumberofim-
gthemR. A . G. Carson M. Grant and .
ideaalsogoesbac k totheworkof . ink
oetter whointhelastcenturysuggested
isdesc ribedinH . Mattingly TheGreatDorc hester
C1939 21-61 thenumbersofc oinsinGordian sf irstissue
e andareduplic atedinR I C V . 3 15n. Mattingly s
rksonthedistinctions ibid. v i- v ii. See too Mat-
ns 2 nd e d. 1 96 0 , 1 3 1 B M C m p. V , x v x v i i .
Systemand roductintheR omanMint ssaysin
n te d t o H a r ol d M at t in g ly 1 9 56 2 3 - 2 39 T h e Co i na g e
2 3 , A N SC e nt . u b l. 1 9 5 ) , 1 9 ; M . G ra n t R o m a n
54 , 5 5 . e G e nt i lh o mm e L a t r ou v ai l le d e N an t er r e
0.
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/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
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8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
60/159
A . D. 23 -249
esofthevariousissues ofGordianwereeach
officina asystemwhoseoriginsheplaced
meofMa iminus a. d. 235-23 ) andwhose
nc ipateof hilip a. d. 244-249 .
fthesescholarshas adducedmuchevidence
s detectedspecificvariationsinstyleto
therefore littlerealevidencethatthere
nsof themintatRomeunderMa iminus
us G o rd i an I I , a n d in t h e fi r st y e ar s o f h i li p .
restspartlyonanalogy. na.d.24 , hilip
niani oneinsi typesw iththeRoman
onthereversesof thec oins theotherinsi
eeknumeralsAthroughZ .Thesenumbers
ken rightly think torepresenttheof f i-
n inthereignofV alerianandGallienus the
rksbegantobecomealmostregular.4The
naeinthelastyearof hilipandinsubse uent
ofc ourse thatsuc he istedearlier. Thebest
reatesapossibility thattheydid.
istheundoubtedfactthatthe D or-
eablehoardsshowacertainsimilarityof
typesofeac hgivenissue. B uttoassume
onethatthereweresi officinaemakesit
eiveof themintashav ing say twooff i-
ypes orthreestrikingtwo oreventwelve
singlereversetype.W hatisneededis
yevidencetosupportthesimplefactthat
typeswithmoreorless similarnumbers.And
planationastowhy forafewmonths the
uldhavebeenstruckwiththe numeralsone
wehavelittleliteraryorepigraphicalevi-
ani ationandworkingsoftheR omanmint.
A u f ba u d er r o mi s ch e n Mi i n p r ag u ng i n d er a i se r e i t N Z
. V o e tt e r D i e r o m is c he n Mi i n e n d es a i se r s Go r di a nu s
k e i il sc hu ng en N Z 1 9 4 3 7 3 94 -3 95 .
d n. R I C V . 3 v i.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
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61/159
I
encethatatleasttwoofficinaee istedat
century.5B utforthetime ofGordian
owrittenevidenceatall andmustdependonastudy
rwhateverdeductionswearetomake.
dentifyingtheproductof thedifferent
theR omanmintagemustbedonealong
shouldmakeita iomatic thattheof f icinae
musthavedif feredf romoneanotherin
helessreal degree bec auseeachonemust
bersof individualworkmenandartisans—
scalptores—whomadethecoins entirelyby
econdassumption whichearlierscholars
hichseemsentirelyreasonable thatthe
of thesamesi eandproduc edalmoste -
oinsin eachissue.O nemightassumethat
theR omangovernmentdividedthemint
ateadministrativecontroloverthatsi e-
eshallsee thenumberofof fic inaebearsonly
numberofantoninianiactuallypro-
tvereasons then paramount therewould
atingmattersbysettingupsub-sectionsof
nt. Thus themintwasprobablyorgani ed
lgovernmenthadhad e periencewith
. Here therehadbeenagroupingof themass
mlegionsforstrategic tac tic al andad-
theparallelisvalid themintatR omewould
thelegionaryfield army provincialmints
lcohorts.
theimperialmintswereloc atedintwo
efandmostimportantwasR ome andthe
hecoinagesofthesetwoplacescanbe
other anditseemssensibleto usethe
tweenthecurrenciesofthesetwo mintsas
tingthe differencesbetweenthecoinages
atRome. nasense wec anthinkof the
e moreofficinaofthewholeimperial
7 , f ro m O st ia m en ti on s o f f i ci na p ri ma .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
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_ u s e # c c - b
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A . D. 23 -249
se istbetweenRomeandA ntioc h then
reaterorlesserdegree betweentheoff ic inae
tioch therearefivedetectabledifferences:
egends
rtraiture
c oins
andreversedies relativetooneanother
thatis thedirec tiontheblowofthe
suredbythepointofdeepestimpression
waystheheelof thehammer onthe
legendsbetweenR omeandAntioch
esofportraiture arewellknownandneed
ould however stressthefac tthattheaver-
eandRomanissuesdidvary . ntheSmyr-
ofGordian I I struckatA ntioc hbetween
rageweightof4.394grams whereasthe
uesof Gordianhaveanaverageof4.354
es . Thisc onc lusionisc orroboratedbyMatting-
of thehoardf rom levna. Suc hadifferenc e
eandAntioche istedbecausetheflatuarii
omints madeandtrimmedtheblanksby
e theblankstheyprepareddif feredinweight
e actionsofthetwosetsof differentper-
ourse thestandardweightoftheantonini-
rtimewasf i edbytheimperialgovern-
he s i t e en e a m pl e s of t h e ty p e O R I E N S A V G R I C
levnahoardhadameanweightof4. 67grams andthat
enetogetheroneof4. 263grams H . Mattinglyand
i n d of R o m a n Co i ns f r om l e vn a i n B u l ga r ia N C 19 2 4
oinsstruc katRomefrom levnaseemslow however
ofthesameissues foundatSmyrnais4.354grams
a t D o r c he s te r 4 .3 4 g r am s 5 6 7 e a m pl e s— H . M a tt i ng l y
er H o a r d o f 19 3 6 N C 1 93 9 4 0 ; a n d a t t he V i l l a a t ri i
0e amples—A . Segre Metrologiaec ircola ionemonetaria
S , 3 67 -3 6 , n .7 .
C r e a
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o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
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I
ewehaveshowsthatthegovernmentwas
ariationsofweight. erhapsthedifference
forbythepurityof themetalemployed
henecoinshavingasomewhatsmaller
theRoman. havenotbeenabletof ind
eranalysistoinsist however onthispoint.7
thepositionsoftheobverseand reverse
omeandA ntioc h. A tRome between242
ec oinshavetherelationshipf l atA ntioc h
rebasedonthecoinsfrom Smyrna. astly
esion ofstrikealsodiffers but againnotto
ntioc h theaveragepoint onac lock fac e
sionwasmadebythehammerwas5.6 at
hatatA ntioc habarema orityofcoins
wieldedfromtheright sideofthea is
th e a i s t o be ) ; a t R o m e e s se n ti a ll y f ro m
is.
d wemaybegintoanaly ethec oinage
arasnumbersofc oinsgo shallusetotalf igures
principalpublishedhoards.Thisproce-
euponasinglehoard nomatterwhatthe
be. haveusedaltogethertwenty-twogroups
Smyrna D orc hester 8 dlingtonWood 9
1 0 l v ed o n 1 1 S ul l y 1 2 i m e St r ee t 1 C ou v ro n 1 4
stissueofGordian I I intheSmyrnahoard theheav-
thelightest3.51.B yourstandardsthisdifferenceis
L a t r ou v ai l le d e N an t er r e R N 1 9 4 6 4 1 g i ve s a na l ys e s
ninianiofthisperiod.H isresultsactuallyshowthat
nedmoresilver andwerealsoheavier thanthose
minutenumberofc oinstested 7 seemstometorender
sothatthematterseemsstillmoot.
9 21-61.
T h e d l in g to n W o o d i n d N C 1 93 5 2 0 2 - 20 7 .
T h e Ca i st e r- b y- a r mo u th H o a r d N C 19 4 7 1 7 5 - 17 9 .
. W . B r a il s fo r d T h e l v ed o n S u ff o lk T r ea s ur e
204-20 .
indofRomanCoinsandGoldR ingsatSully near
27-65.
adhasbeenreportedinthreeseparatearticles: .
Co i ns D i s c o ve r ed i n i m e St r ee t o n do n N C 1 8 2 5 7 -6 0
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
14Sc hwar enacker 17anunknownplac ein ugo-
1 O s k i i b 1 9 R u s t sc h uk 2 0 N ic o la e vo 2 1 S me d er e vo 2 2
, 2 3 R e k a -D e v n i a 2 4 a nd l e vn a 2 5 a nd t h e e -
thenianagora 24A ntioc h 27andDura-
ntageofusingthissampleof coinsinsteadofa
ld. irst onehasalargernumberofc oins
esetwenty-twogroupscomefromseveral
n mpire f romMesopotamiaintheeastto
othat ifauniformdistributionofc ointypes
rreasonsunknowntous aswillappear
ened theuseofthesewidelyseparated
outinsofaras weareabletodo so.
inc ompilingtotalsusedtheDorc hester
heactualfigures. havedonesobecauseof
meRomanCoinsD isc overedin imeStreet NC1 8 3
M e rr i fi e ld A n U n p u bl i sh e d o r ti o n of t h e i m e St r ee t
2 N C 19 5 6 2 4 7- 2 54 .
rouvailledeCouvron A nnuairedelasociitif ranfaisede
7 7 , 4 5 6 -4 60 .
e L a t r ou v ai l l ed e N an t er r e R N 1 9 4 6 1 5 -1 1 4.
o findtheoriginalpublicationofthis hoard.The
eGentilhomme sarticleontheNanterref ind. See
erMun fundvonSc hwar enacker. MitteilungenderB ayer.
Gesellsc haf t 1914-1915 67-74.
portingit:B . Saria A usdemB elgraderNational
4 9 0 -9 6 .
E i n D e n ar f un d a us d e r Ge g en d v on U s k i i b A l ba n ie n ,
M i in f u nd e a us B u l g a ri e n N Z 1 9 1 , 4 3 -5 4 .
sdemonnaiesanti uesenB ulgarie. I . etresordeNic o-
1 1 1- 1 53 .
T h e Sm e de r ev o H o a r d i n S er b ia n St a ri n ar V I 1 9 31 ,
E i n u n d ro mi s ch e r An t on i ni a ne a u s Se r bi e n N Z 1 9 0 1
etrisornumismati uedeRtka-Devnia Marcianopolis .
alB ulgareV 1934 .
. S. Salisbury A indofRomanCoinsfrom levnain
4 2 1 0- 2 3 .
e At h en i an A g or a . V o l . I . C oi n s 1 9 54 .
A n t io ch - on - th e -O r o n t es . V , a r t 2. G r ee k R o ma n B y a n ti n e
1 9 52 .
T h e x c a va t io n s at D u r a - u r op o s. V I . T he C o in s 1 9 49 .
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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I
ard whichissolargethatitwoulddistort
heother twenty-onegroups.Thereare
Gordianf romDorc hester asopposedtosome
s together.ToassumethattheD orchester
putoftheR omanmintisunwarranted.
cethatforat leastoneissuethenumbers
arenottypical. nissuef ive R I C151-153
R I C145-147amounttoonly279. v idently
rtohaveoneputativeofficinaproducingas
eris difficulttounderstand.Mattingly
ebeganproductionsoonerthan theother
cceptwithoutproof.29
w iththeearlierc oinsofGordian I I , have
sassignedintheR I C toissuesoneandtwo.
istogainlargersamplesforanalysis. t
imate moreover toproceedthus sinc e
nuationofissueone andthetwomight
Casissues1aand1b asthethirdissue
in R I C a s 3 a 3 b a n d 3 c i n st e ad o f a s
sec ondissueof theR I C theobverselegendremains
ue thestyleandfablicofthe coinsremain
illustratedincolumnstwoandthree
eversetypesremainthesame R I C1beingc ontinued
andsoon. Thereverselegendonly isc hanged.
G V ST ; R I C 17 beca me .M. TR . . I CO S . . . bu t
still a . Sofarastheaesof thesetwo
hesecondissueactuallycontinuesthetypes
vereversetypesof thefirsttwoissues
mongthetwenty-twof indsisdetailedinTable1.
tabulation twoc lassesofcoinsmaybe
talnumbersareabove210 andonewhose
3 3011.
5.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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iA . D. 23 -249
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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I
itseemsthatweareprobablydealingw ith
ns.B ecause ifwematchnumbersofcoins
ns wefindthatwhereonetype isrepre-
oins thereisanothertypeofgenerally
dbylessthan210 coins andthatthethree
themroughlyidenticalinnumber.Thus
C 6 a n d 20 4 . 11 3 g ra ms h a ve 2 3 7 e a mp l es
a n d R I C 3 a n d 17 t h e se co n d li g ht e st p a ir 4 . 23 1
a mp l es l e ss t h an 2 1 0 . C om b in e d t h e fo u r ty p es
. S ec o nd R I C 4 a n d 1 , 4 . 60 2 g ra m s t h e
2 e amples andseemtobeassociatedwith
chhavethesec ondheav iestaverageweight
helownumberof1 7e amples. Together the
15. Third theremainingR I C5and
4 co i ns a n d R I C 1 a nd 1 5 4 . 35 5 g ra m s 2 0 3 e -
untto417coins.
verseportraiturewhencombinedwith
akesfore c ellentlyc onvergingresults we
un i u e s et s : R I C 2 a n d 16 a n d 4 an d 1 ;
5 a nd 1 9 a n d R I C 3 a nd 1 7 a n d 6 an d 2 0. a c h
samenumbers hasadistinc tiveaverage
pec uliaritiesofobverseportraiture tobedis-
lsoseethateac hsethasitsownuni ue
eversediealignmentandof directionof
sethreesetsfulf illthef iveprere uisitesforof f icinae
eseenin thedifferentwaysdifferent
lsofGordian sfac eandhead. O bv iously all
likeGordian butdetailsdodiffer.These
etweenthesi eofhisneckandthesi eof
hether uttingforwardorrec essed thelines if
ndmouth thee ac tshapegiventhebackof
mouthitself isshown hisnose whether
inethatrunsfrom theendofthe noseup
ast theletteringaroundtheportrait. A lthough
nothaveallthese characteristicsrendered
esswhencomparedtoallthecoinsof the
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
sinthegroups dotendtoportrayseveralof
uelyandmoreorless consistentlyuni uely.
ativeoftheindividualstyleofeachofficina
gement.Thegeneralstyleof eachgroup
scriptionof thepertinentdetails.Coins
C 2 1 6 a nd 4 1 , r e nd e r th e f ol l ow i ng d e ta i ls
aboutthesameway whereasthec oinsof
n mostdetails.
o ws a c o in o f t yp e R I C 4 S m yr n a No . 6 ) ,
lenderneck A , onwhichissetalarge
B ) whichrepresentsthec reasearoundthe
issinginf igure2 , whichrunsrightdownfrom
andthelineisnearlystraight c urvedin
, n os e E ) , a nd b ri dg e of n os e F ) s ho w no s pe ci al
ina butapointon whichtheofficinadoes
thatthebackofGordian sneckandhead
asmootherandmoregrac efullinethanbytheothers.
rm andneat.
h e co i ns o f g ro u p R I C 1 1 5 a nd 5 1 9 h e re
yanenlargementofanR I C1 Smyrna
entpeculiaritiesinmanyofthesefacialcharacter-
A isagooddealheav ierthanbefore there
oundthemouth thec hin C is somewhatrec essed
overhangsthelower uiteobviously . Thenose
orenearlystraight andw ithaf inetip. Thebackof
oresharplyrounded. Theletteringhasnothing
boutit.
o up R I C 3 1 7 a nd 6 2 0 f i gu r e 3 f r o m w hi c h
fanR I C6 SmyrnaNo. 6 , havelettering
igure3doesnotshowthispointwell but
a No . 9 P l a t e ) . A ga in t he e mp er or s n ec k A
ne butaboutthesameasingrouptwo.
undthemouthisshown usuallynotingroup
urvilinearthaningroup1. Thec hin C isnot
anditis strongerandmorebulbousthanin
arepursedandofroughlyevenlength inother
rsebec omesapout. Thenose E issharp
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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o. 6 ) ;
N o. 6
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
70/159
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71/159
I
oins uiteobviouslyso . Thelinef romthetip
forehead F isamoregrac efulc urvethan
ergroups w ithlessofabreakatthebridge.
gthecoinsof thisgrouponeoccasionally
otillustrated w ithauni ue ualityabout
haic Greek w ithstrongnose bulgingeye
glips.Sofar asthecoinsin theSmyrna
hisstrikingstyleisalwaysfoundassociated
sin anyoneissue.
sofGordian sportrait-bustarealso
ere thec oinsaregroupedinthreesetshori on-
c alc olumns. Thetwotoprows thetwomiddle
mrows— eachsetoftworowsrepresentsthe
officinaeatworkinR ome.Comparison
ontalsetincolumnonewill alsoillustrate
edabove.
toshadeof f intooneanother andin
salsoillustrated.Comparecolumnonewith
sonshowsthat coinforcoin thesame
withanobversewithvaryingstyle of
ple thetwobottomc oinshaveratherdissimilar
uttoemphasi ethatsty leofportraiturec annot
certaincriterionfordistinguishingofficinae.
verseslinkedwiththesamereversetypee -
numberofindividualsmakingdies for
andthesemeneachproducedhisdieswith
couldproducediesidenticalwith those
eventwoofhisowndiesthatweree ac tlyalike.
ddo—andno doubtoftendid—was to
ystrongsimilaritytootherdies madeby
tis therefore themostwec anhopeto
entirelypossiblethatsomedie-makerswere
natoanotherforwhateverreasonsofe -
ftheargumentforthreeofficinaewasbased
style insteadofonthecumulative inter-
habove itwouldbenecessarytoprove
betweenthereversesofR I C2and4 1and5
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
ely havebeenabletof indnosuc hlinksinthe
thereareonlytwopairsofc oinsstruck f romthe
allthecoinsof Gordian andonepairamong
eamongtheantoninianiisratherunc ommon even
orchester Mattinglyfoundonlysomething
ongthec oinsof hilip , avery largepro-
erfinds.Thisledhim tosupposethatthe
rivatebankwhichreceivedits currency
heSmyrnahoard ontheotherhand wasa
oinstakenfromgeneralcirculationat
tassurestheabsenceof die-linkage.But
e ceedinglyunlikelythatthesameobverse
withdifferenttypes ofreversediesinone
tionofthetworeversetypeshadto bereg-
alleatoresandsuppostoresmusthavebeen
ofa singlereversetype.Thiswouldhave
sensiblemeansofpreventinghapha ard
oncethediesweremadeandplacedin the
bablyenclosedinthelittleironbo esthatC . C.
ereusedtoholdthem strikingwenton a
smatchedwithacertainreversedie until
placed.32
iture moreover changed evenwhen
olvedcontinuouslyinmakingdies.There
atsuc hoc curred and therefore onereverse
atedwithavarietyof obversestyles.The
spectto coinsbelongingtothefirstissue
oinswerebeingfabricated thescalptores
ay ingB albinusand upienus ratherold
rdian amereyouth. nthec oinsof typeR I C
ordian sportraitbeginstobemadewithfeatures
noldman butastimegoeson itbec omes
enderingofGordian andac harmingportrait
attinglyhasaptlyc haracteri edas theyoung
3 - 3 9.
SomeNotesonA ncientDiesandCoiningMethods 1954 ,
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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I
33Thesedifferences insomecasesratherwide
esshowninc olumnsoneandtwoin late .
an inoneof fic ina wastrueof theof fic ina
menwhoworkedtogetherinonesection
rtainnumberof moreorlesscommon
f abust.Theywouldtendto havea
incommonthatmenofanotherofficina
.Thisis whattheevidenceofcolumn
Therefore w ithinUmits thediesofoneof f ic ina
thoseofanother.B utthewholeproblemof
theproductofanyonesectionof themint
sofstudyingstylesof diesalone asthe
endedtoprove.W emustusein con unction
roducedandtheevidenceoffabric which
ntcriterionofaverageweight.
oastatistic alanalysisof theantoninianiof
ntofthemintin athree-officinasystemis
ementinsi .Theresultsobtainedfrom
mentmakethesmallestofficinaproduce
argest adif ferenceof2. 59% 34Thethree-
over allowsofc onsiderablymorenearlye ual
nthesmallerhoards.W eshouldnote -
enormousdiscrepanciesthatthesi -offi-
inv iewofB . Thordeman sworkw iththe
bycomparingthenumbersofcoinsunearthed
dishmint thatthehoardfaithfullyre-
tion.35Table2showstheresultsobtainedby
3 .
mDorc hesteralone thefollow ingresultsobtainfor
:
s
tiveofficinaproducingR I C2and16 workedat 3.4%
producingR I C6and20 adif ferenceof16. 6%.
T he o he H o a rd N C 19 4 , 1 8 - 2 0 4.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
e-officinasystemtothesmallhoards in
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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6 5
theseissues therewereunderGordian I I
ateac hstruc k twotypes notsi strikingone
tfollowsthateachstruc kone ma or and
hythisshouldhavebeensowehavenoc ertain
bly the ma or typeswerethemostimpor-
wofthecoinagereflectingthepropaganda
nowthatthegovernmentdidusethe rever-
mthe peopleoftheempireasto policies
uingat anyparticulartime toadvertise
ialconditionsintheempire— whetherreal
uncegreatmilitaryvictories.Thegovern-
tcertainofits messagesweremoreimpor-
i n i ss u e 1/ 2 o f Go r di a n t h e ty p es R O V I -
I C TO R I A AV G a nd V I R T V S AV G w hi ch ha ve in
peror sthirteen-year-oldperson were
an I D E S M L I T V M O V I C O NS R V A TO R I ,
. t s e em s t h er e fo r e t h at t h e ad v er t is e me n t of t h e
nwasitselfmoreimportantthan honoring
hepeaceofa. d. 23 .
thatthesethreeof f icinaeweredesignated
meralsdonotappear onthecoins.Allthe
cinaeinthethird centurypointsinthis
der hilip theywerenumbered throughV I
dA throughZ inGreek . A tA ntioch theof fi-
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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A . D. 23 -249
bythesameGreekletter-numbers and
nderGallienus theywereindicated
umerals sometimesbytheletters , S T
rprima sec unda tertia andsoon. Theinscrip-
ovementions of f ic inaprima. Wemight
gein identifyingthelegionsandau iliary
allofwhichborenumbers.Therefore the
ennumberedunderGordianandduring
a s , I , a nd I I . o r th e mo me nt s ha ll
s tr uc k 1 5 1 5 a nd 1 9 I , 3 6 1 7 a nd
4 1 6 a nd 2 0. S uf fi ce i t to s ay h er e t ha t s ha ll t ra ce
eeofficinaeuntila.d.24 , whentherewere
andwhen c ometothatissue then shall
gnedhere.
goingargumentsrests inpart on
cumstancesofstyle weight andnumbers
ngissuesofGordian. erhaps too weshall
ae whosee istenc ehasbeenarguedfor
nswithroughlythesameconstantper-
andf inrelationtotheobverse aswellas
constantdirectionofstrike.Sofaras thisis
owonlystatewhatthepercentagesandaverage
the officinaeforissue1/2.
propertiesofthethreeofficinaein issue1/2
ue3. shallhandleallthesub-issues
and3c byMattinglyandSutherland together.
erageweightsof thesi typesagainallowa
twoeach andtheaverageweightsofthese
ctlythesameastheywerein thepreceding
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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I
n t wo o f t he p a ir s t h er e i s ag a in a m a o r a n d
stofall thenumbersofc oinsinthetwenty-two
mostthe same asistheweightof coinage
sareshownintable5 thegroupingoftypes
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
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iA . D. 23 -249
nehundredsevenc oins. notherwords in
estofficinaproduced 3.76% asmany
derthisnewarrangement thesmallest
nyasthelargest.
eofobverseportraituresharedby thetwo
eedinglyclose infac t evencloserthanin
esareparticularlystrikingbetweenR I C
a n d R I C 5 3 S m yr n a No . 1 97 . T hi s e t r em e
boutbecausebythistimethedie-cutters
essstandardi edtheirportraitsofthe
vingtomakediesin rapidsuccessionfor
nusandB albinus andGordianinthatyearof
ilaritiesof theobversesareillustratedinthe
at e I .
oreover showabsolutecontinuityofstyle
/2 eachsetofcharacteristicsbeingasso-
oissues ofsimilaraverageweight.O fficina
, 3 9 5 5 5 6 7 0 a nd 7 1 . Th e e mp e ro r s n e ck i s m ad e
heothertwosections andtheheadrests
ckof theheadhasa ogwheretheradiate
ndthereisa ratherdeeperindentationatthe
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
79/159
I
ereiswiththeother two.Thenoseitselfis
titislargebutbluntattheend andthe
thenostril a linec urvesroundintothec hin
pronouncedasiscustomarywiththe
tteringisundistinguished.
5 2 a n d 63 t h ro u gh 6 5 we r e pr o du ce d b y O f fi c in a
n isthic k andthebac kof theheadhasthesmooth
neck.Thelinerunningdowntheemperor s
owever curvesgracefullywithoutmuch
Thenoseitself isstrong sometimes
ot. tisnotblunt. Thelinerunningf romthe
mouthiscurved.Thechinshowsa much
bonethanisthec asew ith whichmakesfora
withthepointedtreatmentit receivesin
vepoutinglips. Theletteringisc onsistentlysmall
neatandprecise. Theworkof the arc haic -
sinev idenc e asinR I C34 SmyrnaNo. 117.
ro du ci ng R I C 3 6 3 7 5 3 5 4 a nd 6 6 th ro ug h 69
er andtopthemwithalargecranium.
adetocurvedowngracefullyintotheneck.
thebridgeofGordian snose andthe
allypointed.O ccasionally astraightline
nosetothecornerofthe mouth andthe
hin issharpandbony andratherpointed.
s isgenerallyneat sometimessmall but
nuitywiththecharacteristicsofthe
twhenweinvestigatetheproportionsof
swellastheaveragedirectionofstrike there
ec ontinuity . Thismeans think thatso
dsttppostoreshavebeentakenonbythe
tthework-habitsofthesenewindividuals
vedfortheold individuals.Therecanbe
ew meninvolvedwiththeproductionof
enumberofcoinsmanufacturedpermonth
one. ssue1/2wasstruckduringa period
hs f romnearthebeginningofA ugust 23 ,
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
80/159
A . D. 23 -249
ber 239. Thethirdissuewasstruc kduring
atesarenotprecise butdowellenough
6 ssue1/2isrepresentedby 946coinsinthe
byanaverageacc umulationof f if ty-si c oins
presentedby1 6 8 c oins anaverageac -
ermonth. notherwords therateofpro-
herebetweendoubleandtreblethepre-
emintre uiredmoreworkmen andthese
ncebythealtered proportionsofobverse
ndinthedifferingdirectionof strike.The
ble7.
omuchvariancebetweenissues regard
he continuityoftheofficinae andshall
ently.
ry largefourthissue theonethatwas
ivalofTimesitheusas raetorian refect.
de-spreadinthegovernmentasa whole
eworkingofthemint.W ecanshowthat
eeffected. irst productionofantoniniani
treduc ed. romtheDorc hesterhoard c oin-
boutfour-fifthstherateofthe previous
setby thereopeningandthoroughreorgani-
correspondencebetweentheaccumulationofcoinsin
berof coinsproducedisshownbyB .Thordeman
04. thinkheoverstateshisresults butthegeneralc onc lu-
undoubtedlytrue.
lengthof timeduringwhic hthisissuewasstruc kwas
sueisrepresentedby3 700c oinsatD orc hester an
116amonth ascomparedtothe141of issue3.
C r e a
t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N
o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e
/ h t t p : / / w w w . h
a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s
_ u s e # c c - b
y - n
c - s
a - 4 . 0
-
8/9/2019 The minting of Antoniniani, A.D. 238-249, and the Smyrna hoard / by Samuel K. Eddy
81/159
I
tioch whichnowcommencedtoproduce
a newstyleofportraiturewhichMatting-
das assimi