the molecule of life. carry the instructions to build proteins carry hereditary instructions from...
TRANSCRIPT
DNAThe Molecule of Life
Carry the instructions to build proteins
Carry hereditary instructions from one
generation to the next.
Nucleic acids are built from NUCLEOTIDES
(simple building blocks that are found in
the cytoplasm of the cell).
NUCLEIC ACIDS
There are two types of nucleic acids:1. DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid2. RNA - ribonucleic acid
One phosphate group
One sugar group: DNA (deoxyribose) or RNA
(ribose)
One nitrogenous base
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Nucleotide
5-Carbon Sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous Base
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PhosphodiesterBondDiagram.png
Author: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:G3pro
NUCLEOTIDE
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous Base (GC or AT)
5-Carbon Sugar
The four possible nucleotides in DNA are:
phosphate - sugar - guanine
phosphate - sugar - adenine
phosphate - sugar - cytosine
phosphate - sugar - thymine
NUCLEIC ACIDS
The four possible nucleotides in RNA are:
phosphate - sugar - guanine
phosphate - sugar - adenine
phosphate - sugar - cytosine
phosphate - sugar - uracil
NUCLEIC ACIDS
The nitrogenous bases are:
NUCLEOTIDES
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
In DNA, the base pairs are: guanine – cytosine adenine – thymine*
In RNA, the base pairs are: guanine – cytosine adenine - uracil*
BASE PAIRS
BASE PAIRS
Source: ©1999 William Reusch, All rights reserved (most recent revision 7/16/2007) – Permission granted
Source: Madeleine Price Ball
HYDROGEN BONDS IN BASE PAIRS
Source: ©1999 William Reusch, All rights reserved (most recent revision 7/16/2007) – Permission granted
DNA is a double helix structure that curves
up and to the right.
The curve or twist of DNA creates a minor
and major groove.
DNA Structure
Source: ©1999 William Reusch, All rights reserved (most recent revision 7/16/2007) – Permission granted
Source: 3dscience and en.wikipedia
A molecule transcribed from DNA Provides a template for protein synthesis Three kinds of RNA:
◦ mRNA – communicates the amino acid sequence for protein synthesis
◦ tRNA – brings the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain
◦ rRNA – the site of protein synthesis in the ribosome
RNA
RNA
Source: Sverdrup @en.wikipedia
Source: Access Excellence @ the National Health Museumhttp://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/rna2.php
Source: ©1999 William Reusch, All rights reserved (most recent revision 7/16/2007) – Permission granted
Source: ©1999 William Reusch, All rights reserved (most recent revision 7/16/2007) – Permission granted