the muscular system

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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM . Introduction . Our bodies have over 600 muscles, which make up half of our body weight Muscles are used to eat, talk, walk etc Muscles burn lots of calories when they are being used and when resting Muscles burn even more calories when they are “in shape”. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Page 2: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Introduction

Our bodies have over 600 muscles, which make up half of our body weight

Muscles are used to eat, talk, walk etc

Muscles burn lots of calories when they are being used and when resting

Muscles burn even more calories when they are “in shape”

Page 3: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MAJOR MUSCLE TYPES

SMOOTH MUSCLE: Involuntary and contract

automatically CNS adjusts contraction as required They do not tire easily and can stay

contracted for long periods of timeEx. Esophagus, stomach, blood vessels

Page 4: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MAJOR MUSCLE TYPES

CARDIAC MUSCLE Specialized muscle tissue that

comprises the heart Involuntary

Page 5: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MAJOR MUSCLE TYPES

SKELETAL MUSCLES: Connect to bones by tendons Voluntary – you control them The engines that pull on bones –

causing joints to move

Page 6: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLE

Deltoid - forms rounded contour of shoulder

- shoulder abduction, flexion and extension 

Biceps Brachii

-“bicep” muscle

-Flexion of elbow-Rotation of forearm 

Brachialis -muscle in the upper arm

Flexion of elbow 

Page 7: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Pectoralis Major

- “chest” muscles

- adducts and medially rotates arm

External Obliques

- largest, most superficial of “ab” muscles 

- rotates torso 

Rectus Abdominus

“ 6 pack” / “washboard” abs

- flexion of trunk

MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLE

Page 8: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLESartorius -long thin

muscle runs down the length of thigh-longest muscle in the body 

Flexion of knee / leg

Rectus Femoris

- 1 of 4 leg (quad) muscles 

- knee extension- hip flexion

Vastus Intermediums

- under rectus femoris

- extends leg 

Vastus Laterailis

- largest part of leg muscles

- extends and stabilizes knee 

Page 9: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Vastus Medialis

- “tear drop” muscle- medial (inner) leg muscle 

- extends leg

Tibialis Anterior

- shin - dorsiflexion of the foot (toes up) 

Rhomboids - Diamond shape-Deep to trapezius 

-holds scapula to ribcage-retracts scapula 

Trapezius - “shoulder blade”

  

MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLE

Page 10: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLETriceps Brachii - “tricep” muscle

 - extension of elbow / forearm- adducts shoulder 

Latissimus Dorsi

“V” - adducts, extends and internally rotates arm

Gluteus Medius

- above maximus 

- abduction of the hip- medial rotation of thigh 

Gluteus Maximus

- largest “bum” muscle- makes up shape and appearance

- external rotation and extension of the hip joint  

Page 11: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

MUSCLES IN ACTION…

Muscles work through a process called contraction.

Muscle Contraction – result of filaments deep within the muscle sliding over each other

This process occurs simultaneously over entire muscle fibre – resulting in contraction

Page 12: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY

Sequence for contraction:1. Electrical impulse comes from brain

(voluntary) or spinal cord (involuntary)

2. Signal travels along nerve to muscle site (neuromuscular junction) and attempts to jump the gap.

Page 13: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY

3. Chemical reaction takes place deep within the muscle fibre

4. The reaction causes the filaments to “slide” over one another. Thin filament (actin) slide past the thick filament (myosin)

5. Muscle fibre contracts.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdHzKYDxrKc

Page 14: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Types of Muscle Contraction CONCENTRIC – muscle shortens

while working

ECCENTRIC – muscle lengthens while working

ISOMETRIC – no change in length. Force = resistance.

Page 15: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

ANATOMY DIAGRAM

Complete the chart and diagram

Page 16: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Instructions Now that you’ve taken a look at the muscular system, you will take a quick look at the path of blood in our system. We discussed this briefly yesterday, but you will need the following information for a unit test.

Mr. Ceccarelli

Page 17: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

PATH OF BLOOD

Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation

Page 18: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Veins and Arteries

Veins transport blood TO the heart

Arteries transport blood AWAY from the heart

Page 19: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Pulmonary Circulation

circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs

Deoxygenated blood (blue) becomes oxygenated (red)

Page 20: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Path of Deoxygenated Blood

Right Atrium (upper chamber)

Tricuspid Valve

Right Ventricle (lower chamber)

Page 21: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Path of Deoxygenated Blood

Pulmonary Valve

Pulmonary Artery

Lungs carbon dioxide is released, Oxygen is picked up

Page 22: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Systemic Circulation

circulation of blood between the heart and the body

From the lungs Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the Pulmonary Veins

Page 23: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Path of Oxygenated Blood

Left Atrium (upper chamber)

Mitral Valve

Left Ventricle (lower chamber)

Page 24: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Path of Oxygenated Blood

Aortic Valve

Body

Page 25: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Instructions For the grand finale……

Page 26: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Lactic Acid???

Read p 49 and describe Lactic acid and how it forms and discuss how it affects the body.

This may make a great test question…..

Page 27: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Final Note: This now concludes our programming for

today – thanks for watching!!!

Remember to get your rock climbing form and money in for Monday AND to bring in money for St. Michael feast day next Thursday.

You can now put down your pencils and take a deep breathe – health is over…… for now….. Have a great weekend.

Mr. C!