the muscular system
DESCRIPTION
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM . Introduction . Our bodies have over 600 muscles, which make up half of our body weight Muscles are used to eat, talk, walk etc Muscles burn lots of calories when they are being used and when resting Muscles burn even more calories when they are “in shape”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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Introduction
Our bodies have over 600 muscles, which make up half of our body weight
Muscles are used to eat, talk, walk etc
Muscles burn lots of calories when they are being used and when resting
Muscles burn even more calories when they are “in shape”
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MAJOR MUSCLE TYPES
SMOOTH MUSCLE: Involuntary and contract
automatically CNS adjusts contraction as required They do not tire easily and can stay
contracted for long periods of timeEx. Esophagus, stomach, blood vessels
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MAJOR MUSCLE TYPES
CARDIAC MUSCLE Specialized muscle tissue that
comprises the heart Involuntary
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MAJOR MUSCLE TYPES
SKELETAL MUSCLES: Connect to bones by tendons Voluntary – you control them The engines that pull on bones –
causing joints to move
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MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLE
Deltoid - forms rounded contour of shoulder
- shoulder abduction, flexion and extension
Biceps Brachii
-“bicep” muscle
-Flexion of elbow-Rotation of forearm
Brachialis -muscle in the upper arm
Flexion of elbow
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Pectoralis Major
- “chest” muscles
- adducts and medially rotates arm
External Obliques
- largest, most superficial of “ab” muscles
- rotates torso
Rectus Abdominus
“ 6 pack” / “washboard” abs
- flexion of trunk
MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLE
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MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLESartorius -long thin
muscle runs down the length of thigh-longest muscle in the body
Flexion of knee / leg
Rectus Femoris
- 1 of 4 leg (quad) muscles
- knee extension- hip flexion
Vastus Intermediums
- under rectus femoris
- extends leg
Vastus Laterailis
- largest part of leg muscles
- extends and stabilizes knee
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Vastus Medialis
- “tear drop” muscle- medial (inner) leg muscle
- extends leg
Tibialis Anterior
- shin - dorsiflexion of the foot (toes up)
Rhomboids - Diamond shape-Deep to trapezius
-holds scapula to ribcage-retracts scapula
Trapezius - “shoulder blade”
MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLE
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MUSCLE DESCRIPTION PRIMARY ROLETriceps Brachii - “tricep” muscle
- extension of elbow / forearm- adducts shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi
“V” - adducts, extends and internally rotates arm
Gluteus Medius
- above maximus
- abduction of the hip- medial rotation of thigh
Gluteus Maximus
- largest “bum” muscle- makes up shape and appearance
- external rotation and extension of the hip joint
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MUSCLES IN ACTION…
Muscles work through a process called contraction.
Muscle Contraction – result of filaments deep within the muscle sliding over each other
This process occurs simultaneously over entire muscle fibre – resulting in contraction
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SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY
Sequence for contraction:1. Electrical impulse comes from brain
(voluntary) or spinal cord (involuntary)
2. Signal travels along nerve to muscle site (neuromuscular junction) and attempts to jump the gap.
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SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY
3. Chemical reaction takes place deep within the muscle fibre
4. The reaction causes the filaments to “slide” over one another. Thin filament (actin) slide past the thick filament (myosin)
5. Muscle fibre contracts.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdHzKYDxrKc
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Types of Muscle Contraction CONCENTRIC – muscle shortens
while working
ECCENTRIC – muscle lengthens while working
ISOMETRIC – no change in length. Force = resistance.
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ANATOMY DIAGRAM
Complete the chart and diagram
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Instructions Now that you’ve taken a look at the muscular system, you will take a quick look at the path of blood in our system. We discussed this briefly yesterday, but you will need the following information for a unit test.
Mr. Ceccarelli
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PATH OF BLOOD
Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation
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Veins and Arteries
Veins transport blood TO the heart
Arteries transport blood AWAY from the heart
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Pulmonary Circulation
circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs
Deoxygenated blood (blue) becomes oxygenated (red)
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Path of Deoxygenated Blood
Right Atrium (upper chamber)
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle (lower chamber)
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Path of Deoxygenated Blood
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs carbon dioxide is released, Oxygen is picked up
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Systemic Circulation
circulation of blood between the heart and the body
From the lungs Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the Pulmonary Veins
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Path of Oxygenated Blood
Left Atrium (upper chamber)
Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle (lower chamber)
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Path of Oxygenated Blood
Aortic Valve
Body
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Instructions For the grand finale……
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Lactic Acid???
Read p 49 and describe Lactic acid and how it forms and discuss how it affects the body.
This may make a great test question…..
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Final Note: This now concludes our programming for
today – thanks for watching!!!
Remember to get your rock climbing form and money in for Monday AND to bring in money for St. Michael feast day next Thursday.
You can now put down your pencils and take a deep breathe – health is over…… for now….. Have a great weekend.
Mr. C!